Exam 18: Applying Social Psychology to the Law

Rossi is suspected of committing a robbery and appears in a lineup in which the store clerk claims that he is the robber. As it turns out, Rossi simply looks remarkably like the person who committed the crime, but did not, himself, commit the crime. Rossi has been a victim of ____.

Suppose that, during jury selection for a criminal trial, defense lawyer Wickens decides that she does not want a potential juror named Bob Strange on the jury. He seems unpredictable to her, but potentially likely to favor the prosecution. She therefore tells the judge that she would like to have Bob removed from the jury panel (without stating her reasoning). It would appear that Bob is being removed via the process of ____.

Suppose that Danielle was an eyewitness to a store robbery. She gives the police a description of the criminal: "30-35 year-old male, brown hair, light eyes, about 5'10", with a missing finger on his left hand." A few weeks later, police track down a suspect. He fits Danielle's description, and additionally has a lazy eye and a huge tattoo on his neck. If police use the match-to-culprit approach in constructing a lineup for eyewitness identification, then the foils in the lineup ____.

Dana says she was terrified when she was assaulted and is not sure she can identify who did it, especially since her glasses were knocked off early during the assault. She views a lineup in which the "true" perpetrator is known to be present. Dana, however, cannot pick the individual out of the line-up, resulting in a(n) ____.

Own-race bias refers to the observation that ____.

Moving a trial from the location in which it would normally be held is called a change of ____.

Compared to other juries, juries that are "death qualified" tend to ____.

People with a(n) ____ personality are more likely to hold conventional values, respect authority figures, and punish others who defy authority.

Of the following, which personality trait is most predictive of whether people are lenient versus punitive in jury trial voting?

When it comes to eyewitness identifications in police lineups, sequential lineups are generally preferred to simultaneous lineups-especially when witnesses ____.

According to the text, when police use lineup procedures to obtain identifications of criminals from eyewitnesses, which is better, the match-to-suspect approach or the match-to-culprit approach?

In general, which of the following best summarizes how convincing eyewitness testimony is to jurors?

When instructions to individuals viewing the lineup include a warning that the perpetrator may not be in the lineup, there is a(n) ____.

System variables that influence eyewitness identifications in criminal lineups are most analogous to ____ that influence participant behavior in social psychological experiments.

Suppose that Danielle was an eyewitness to a store robbery. She gives the police a description of the criminal: "30-35 year-old male, brown hair, light eyes, about 5'10", with a missing finger on his left hand." A few weeks later, police track down a suspect. He fits Danielle's description, and additionally has a lazy eye and a huge tattoo on his neck. If police use the match-to-suspect approach in constructing a lineup for eyewitness identification, then the foils in the lineup ____.

When criminal psychologists distinguish between system variables and estimator variables as two sources of inaccuracy in eyewitness reports and identifications, they are distinguishing between variables ____.

In the ____ lineup procedure, witnesses view each lineup member in turn, making a decision about whether that lineup member is the culprit before viewing the next member of the lineup.

During the jury selection process in jury trials, attorneys often rely on ____ in an effort to figure out what demographic characteristics, personality traits, lifestyle characteristics, and behaviors correlate with jury opinions and jury verdicts.

In a target-absent lineup, it is impossible for an eyewitness to make an identification decision that qualifies as a(n) ____.

Delaying a trial is known as a(n) ____.