Question 1

Which one of the following statements best describes cognitive dissonance theory?

Accepted Answer

A)  "People don't like to be hypocrites." 
B)  "People are very stubborn about holding onto their attitudes." 
C)  "People have a hard time seeing things from others' perspective." 
D)  "People prefer others who share their opinions and attitudes." 
A)  "People don't like to be hypocrites." 
B)  "People are very stubborn about holding onto their attitudes." 
C)  "People have a hard time seeing things from others' perspective." 
D)  "People prefer others who share their opinions and attitudes." A

Question 2

A study (Ajzen and Fishbein, 1977) conducted to defend attitudes as a construct predictive of behavior found that if you want to predict who will give blood, you should place which of the following statements on your attitude measure? (Assume a five-point Likert scale anchored by strongly disagree to strongly agree.)

Accepted Answer

A)  I believe giving blood is a good thing. 
B)  I believe giving blood will help others. 
C)  I am a helpful person. 
D)  I believe giving blood is the right thing for me to do. 
A)  I believe giving blood is a good thing. 
B)  I believe giving blood will help others. 
C)  I am a helpful person. 
D)  I believe giving blood is the right thing for me to do. D

Question 3

Research on racism has indicated that ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  people who sincerely espouse racial equality may have negative automatic attitudes towards individuals of different races 
B)  at least where racism is concerned, people's automatic and deliberate attitudes are consistent with each other 
C)  individuals who espouse racist beliefs often have non-racist automatic attitudes 
D)  it is virtually impossible to determine deliberate attitudes based on automatic attitudes 
A)  people who sincerely espouse racial equality may have negative automatic attitudes towards individuals of different races 
B)  at least where racism is concerned, people's automatic and deliberate attitudes are consistent with each other 
C)  individuals who espouse racist beliefs often have non-racist automatic attitudes 
D)  it is virtually impossible to determine deliberate attitudes based on automatic attitudes A

Question 4

Research suggests that the idea that "familiarity breeds contempt" ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  is almost always true, regardless of the circumstances 
B)  is almost always false, regardless of the circumstances 
C)  is almost always true, unless people initially have a very favorable attitude 
D)  is almost always false, unless people initially have an unfavorable attitude 
A)  is almost always true, regardless of the circumstances 
B)  is almost always false, regardless of the circumstances 
C)  is almost always true, unless people initially have a very favorable attitude 
D)  is almost always false, unless people initially have an unfavorable attitude

Question 5

With ____, people rationalize their behavior so as to bring their attitudes into line with their actions.

Accepted Answer

A)  subjective norms 
B)  attitude polarization 
C)  divergent bias 
D)  cognitive dissonance 
A)  subjective norms 
B)  attitude polarization 
C)  divergent bias 
D)  cognitive dissonance

Question 6

Iris is a vegetarian, but she ate a steak last night. Because of this hypocritical behavior, Iris is likely to experience a state of discomfort known as ________________.

Accepted Answer

cognitive

Question 7

According to the text, possessing an attitude about something increases ____ of decision-making.

Accepted Answer

A)  the speed and the quality 
B)  the speed but not the quality 
C)  the quality but not the speed 
D)  neither the speed nor the quality 
A)  the speed and the quality 
B)  the speed but not the quality 
C)  the quality but not the speed 
D)  neither the speed nor the quality

Question 8

Research on gender differences in sex-related attitudes and behaviors indicates that ____ show relatively more attitude-behavior consistency, and that this is largely owing to the fact that ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  men; men tend to be the initiators of sexual activity 
B)  men; men's sexual responses are less context-dependent than women's 
C)  women; women tend to be the initiators of sexual activity 
D)  women; women's sexual responses are less context-dependent than men's 
A)  men; men tend to be the initiators of sexual activity 
B)  men; men's sexual responses are less context-dependent than women's 
C)  women; women tend to be the initiators of sexual activity 
D)  women; women's sexual responses are less context-dependent than men's

Question 9

Research suggests that the idea that "familiarity breeds liking" ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  is generally true 
B)  is generally false 
C)  is generally true, unless people initially have a very favorable attitude 
D)  is generally false, unless people initially have an unfavorable attitude 
A)  is generally true 
B)  is generally false 
C)  is generally true, unless people initially have a very favorable attitude 
D)  is generally false, unless people initially have an unfavorable attitude

Question 10

In a study conducted in Mauritius, young men participated in a painful religious ritual, watched other young men participate in the ritual, or sang and prayed. The young men who ____ identified more with the larger social group as a result of their participation.

Accepted Answer

A)  performed the painful ritual but did not watch it 
B)  watched others perform the painful ritual but did not perform it 
C)  sang and prayed as their part in the ritual 
D)  performed or watched others perform the painful ritual 
A)  performed the painful ritual but did not watch it 
B)  watched others perform the painful ritual but did not perform it 
C)  sang and prayed as their part in the ritual 
D)  performed or watched others perform the painful ritual

Question 11

The tendency for people to hold on to their beliefs-even when their beliefs are discredited by compelling evidence-is known as ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  cognitive dissonance 
B)  belief perseverance 
C)  the A-B problem 
D)  cognitive stickiness 
A)  cognitive dissonance 
B)  belief perseverance 
C)  the A-B problem 
D)  cognitive stickiness

Question 12

When one Facebook user reads an article and likes it, ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  the odds of others liking it are only modestly increased, by about 8% 
B)  someone else who reads it is 32% more likely to also "like" it 
C)  the odds of others liking it are increased, but only when there are relatively few likes, generally less than 15,000 
D)  it can paradoxically decrease the likelihood that others will like it, because they do not want to be just one of the masses 
A)  the odds of others liking it are only modestly increased, by about 8% 
B)  someone else who reads it is 32% more likely to also "like" it 
C)  the odds of others liking it are increased, but only when there are relatively few likes, generally less than 15,000 
D)  it can paradoxically decrease the likelihood that others will like it, because they do not want to be just one of the masses

Question 13

As discussed in the textbook, people's deliberate attitudes are not always consistent with their automatic attitudes. This can occur as a result of ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  self-presentation 
B)  lack of awareness 
C)  both self-presentation and lack of awareness 
D)  neither self-presentation nor lack of awareness 
A)  self-presentation 
B)  lack of awareness 
C)  both self-presentation and lack of awareness 
D)  neither self-presentation nor lack of awareness

Question 14

Suppose that Janine-who volunteers for a variety of environmental causes and frequently speaks on campus about the importance of recycling-decided to buy a gas-guzzling SUV last week. When is she most likely to try to rationalize her behavior?

Accepted Answer

A)  If no one she knows owns the same vehicle 
B)  If many people she knows own the same vehicle 
C)  If she did not know about the SUV's poor mileage when she bought it 
D)  If she experiences guilt or discomfort surrounding her purchase 
A)  If no one she knows owns the same vehicle 
B)  If many people she knows own the same vehicle 
C)  If she did not know about the SUV's poor mileage when she bought it 
D)  If she experiences guilt or discomfort surrounding her purchase

Question 15

Suppose that Anandi was mugged at gunpoint and that is was an extremely traumatic experience. Which of the following cognitive reactions is MOST likely to help her recover?

Accepted Answer

A)  "I should have never gone into that neighborhood alone, especially not with my fancy car. It's clear why this happened. I made myself an obvious target." 
B)  "The event was totally random. It could have happened to anyone, at any time, in any place." 
C)  "Why was I attacked? Why me? Why now? What did I do to deserve this?" 
D)  "The world is just an unpredictable, dangerous place. I just need to accept that and move on." 
A)  "I should have never gone into that neighborhood alone, especially not with my fancy car. It's clear why this happened. I made myself an obvious target." 
B)  "The event was totally random. It could have happened to anyone, at any time, in any place." 
C)  "Why was I attacked? Why me? Why now? What did I do to deserve this?" 
D)  "The world is just an unpredictable, dangerous place. I just need to accept that and move on."

Question 16

Research indicates that people will sometimes choose to suffer as a result of simply expecting to suffer-but only if ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  they have a reward system in place but have not given much thought to the upcoming prospect of suffering 
B)  they have low self-esteem 
C)  they have coped with the expectation of suffering by thinking about it and changed relevant beliefs and attitudes 
D)  they have not yet thought about the upcoming suffering 
A)  they have a reward system in place but have not given much thought to the upcoming prospect of suffering 
B)  they have low self-esteem 
C)  they have coped with the expectation of suffering by thinking about it and changed relevant beliefs and attitudes 
D)  they have not yet thought about the upcoming suffering

Question 17

In distinguishing between beliefs and attitudes, it is useful to recognize that beliefs help people ____ while attitudes help people ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  explain things; make choices 
B)  make choices; explain things 
C)  rationalize occurrences; explain things 
D)  explain things; rationalize occurrences 
A)  explain things; make choices 
B)  make choices; explain things 
C)  rationalize occurrences; explain things 
D)  explain things; rationalize occurrences

Question 18

Within a year after marrying, Kayla is unhappy in her marriage, yet she spends a lot of time talking to herself about how the marriage was the right thing for her to do. "It's better than being alone, and at least he isn't a total loser," she says to herself. Kayla is experiencing ________________.

Accepted Answer

post-decis

Question 19

Deliberate attitudes can be defined as ____ evaluative responses.

Accepted Answer

A)  controlled, conscious 
B)  controlled, unconscious 
C)  automatic, conscious 
D)  automatic, unconscious 
A)  controlled, conscious 
B)  controlled, unconscious 
C)  automatic, conscious 
D)  automatic, unconscious

Question 20

Research on embodied attitudes suggests that ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  randomly assigned body movements can shape attitudes toward what we hear 
B)  attitudes are embodied in beliefs and emotions 
C)  body movement is unrelated to attitudes 
D)  leaning forward promotes negative attitudes 
A)  randomly assigned body movements can shape attitudes toward what we hear 
B)  attitudes are embodied in beliefs and emotions 
C)  body movement is unrelated to attitudes 
D)  leaning forward promotes negative attitudes

Which one of the following statements best describes cognitive dissonance theory?

Research on racism has indicated that ____.

Research suggests that the idea that "familiarity breeds contempt" ____.

With ____, people rationalize their behavior so as to bring their attitudes into line with their actions.

Iris is a vegetarian, but she ate a steak last night. Because of this hypocritical behavior, Iris is likely to experience a state of discomfort known as ________________.

According to the text, possessing an attitude about something increases ____ of decision-making.

Research on gender differences in sex-related attitudes and behaviors indicates that show relatively more attitude-behavior consistency, and that this is largely owing to the fact that .

Research suggests that the idea that "familiarity breeds liking" ____.

In a study conducted in Mauritius, young men participated in a painful religious ritual, watched other young men participate in the ritual, or sang and prayed. The young men who ____ identified more with the larger social group as a result of their participation.

The tendency for people to hold on to their beliefs-even when their beliefs are discredited by compelling evidence-is known as ____.

When one Facebook user reads an article and likes it, ____.

As discussed in the textbook, people's deliberate attitudes are not always consistent with their automatic attitudes. This can occur as a result of ____.

Suppose that Janine-who volunteers for a variety of environmental causes and frequently speaks on campus about the importance of recycling-decided to buy a gas-guzzling SUV last week. When is she most likely to try to rationalize her behavior?

Suppose that Anandi was mugged at gunpoint and that is was an extremely traumatic experience. Which of the following cognitive reactions is MOST likely to help her recover?

Research indicates that people will sometimes choose to suffer as a result of simply expecting to suffer-but only if ____.

In distinguishing between beliefs and attitudes, it is useful to recognize that beliefs help people while attitudes help people .

Within a year after marrying, Kayla is unhappy in her marriage, yet she spends a lot of time talking to herself about how the marriage was the right thing for her to do. "It's better than being alone, and at least he isn't a total loser," she says to herself. Kayla is experiencing ________________.

Deliberate attitudes can be defined as ____ evaluative responses.

Research on embodied attitudes suggests that ____.

The Mission and the Method

Culture and Nature

The Self

Choices and Actions

Social Cognition

Emotion and Affect

Social Influence and Persuasion

Prosocial Behavior: Doing What’s Best for Others

Aggression and Antisocial Behavior

Interpersonal Attraction and Rejection

Close Relationships: Passion, Intimacy, and Sexuality

Prejudice and Intergroup Relations

Groups

Applying Social Psychology to Consumer Behavior

Applying Social Psychology to Health

Applying Social Psychology to the Workplace

Applying Social Psychology to the Law

Applying Social Psychology to the Environment

Filters

Exam 7: Attitudes, Beliefs and Consistency

Which one of the following statements best describes cognitive dissonance theory?

Research on racism has indicated that ____.

Research suggests that the idea that "familiarity breeds contempt" ____.

With ____, people rationalize their behavior so as to bring their attitudes into line with their actions.

Iris is a vegetarian, but she ate a steak last night. Because of this hypocritical behavior, Iris is likely to experience a state of discomfort known as ________________.

According to the text, possessing an attitude about something increases ____ of decision-making.

Research on gender differences in sex-related attitudes and behaviors indicates that ____ show relatively more attitude-behavior consistency, and that this is largely owing to the fact that ____.

Research suggests that the idea that "familiarity breeds liking" ____.

In a study conducted in Mauritius, young men participated in a painful religious ritual, watched other young men participate in the ritual, or sang and prayed. The young men who ____ identified more with the larger social group as a result of their participation.

The tendency for people to hold on to their beliefs-even when their beliefs are discredited by compelling evidence-is known as ____.

When one Facebook user reads an article and likes it, ____.

As discussed in the textbook, people's deliberate attitudes are not always consistent with their automatic attitudes. This can occur as a result of ____.

Suppose that Janine-who volunteers for a variety of environmental causes and frequently speaks on campus about the importance of recycling-decided to buy a gas-guzzling SUV last week. When is she most likely to try to rationalize her behavior?

Suppose that Anandi was mugged at gunpoint and that is was an extremely traumatic experience. Which of the following cognitive reactions is MOST likely to help her recover?

Research indicates that people will sometimes choose to suffer as a result of simply expecting to suffer-but only if ____.

In distinguishing between beliefs and attitudes, it is useful to recognize that beliefs help people ____ while attitudes help people ____.

Within a year after marrying, Kayla is unhappy in her marriage, yet she spends a lot of time talking to herself about how the marriage was the right thing for her to do. "It's better than being alone, and at least he isn't a total loser," she says to herself. Kayla is experiencing ________________.

Deliberate attitudes can be defined as ____ evaluative responses.

Research on embodied attitudes suggests that ____.

The Mission and the Method

Culture and Nature

The Self

Choices and Actions

Social Cognition

Emotion and Affect

Social Influence and Persuasion

Prosocial Behavior: Doing What’s Best for Others

Aggression and Antisocial Behavior

Interpersonal Attraction and Rejection

Close Relationships: Passion, Intimacy, and Sexuality

Prejudice and Intergroup Relations

Groups

Applying Social Psychology to Consumer Behavior

Applying Social Psychology to Health

Applying Social Psychology to the Workplace

Applying Social Psychology to the Law

Applying Social Psychology to the Environment

Filters

Research on gender differences in sex-related attitudes and behaviors indicates that show relatively more attitude-behavior consistency, and that this is largely owing to the fact that .

In distinguishing between beliefs and attitudes, it is useful to recognize that beliefs help people while attitudes help people .