Question 1

Most causal relationships are simple.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 2

Which of the following is true of inductive arguments?

Accepted Answer

A)  If the conclusion of an inductive argument is true, then the premises must be true as well. 
B)  If the premises of an inductive argument are all true, then the conclusion must be as well. 
C)  If the premises of an inductive argument are all true, then the conclusion might still be false. 
D)  Inductive arguments can be expressed in categorical syllogisms. 
A)  If the conclusion of an inductive argument is true, then the premises must be true as well. 
B)  If the premises of an inductive argument are all true, then the conclusion must be as well. 
C)  If the premises of an inductive argument are all true, then the conclusion might still be false. 
D)  Inductive arguments can be expressed in categorical syllogisms.

Question 3

An argument by analogy attempts to conclude that two things are alike in some respect on the ground that they are alike in other respects.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 4

A randomly selected sample is always representative.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

Which of the following may result in a biased poll?

Accepted Answer

A)  a poll with a unrepresentative sample 
B)  a poll with a loaded question 
C)  a poll with a question specifically written to get a certain answer 
D)  All of these answers are correct. 
A)  a poll with a unrepresentative sample 
B)  a poll with a loaded question 
C)  a poll with a question specifically written to get a certain answer 
D)  All of these answers are correct.

Question 6

If two objects are correlated,then one must be the cause of the other.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

Analogies can be used in arguments.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

Which of the following is true of generalizations?

Accepted Answer

A)  Arguments based on generalization are either true or false. 
B)  A good generalization's sample could have been taken at any time. 
C)  A good generalization does not need to be representative. 
D)  A good generalization has all true premises. 
A)  Arguments based on generalization are either true or false. 
B)  A good generalization's sample could have been taken at any time. 
C)  A good generalization does not need to be representative. 
D)  A good generalization has all true premises.

Question 9

In the context of conducting a poll,sampling is a method of collecting data about the opinions of a population.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

If the occurrence of one event makes less likely the occurrence of another event,then there is a positive correlation between the two events.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

Which of the following are true of generalizations?

Accepted Answer

A)  Generalizations, because they are so general, cannot provide evidence for their conclusions. 
B)  Polls are a type of generalization. 
C)  Generalizations are a type of deductive argument. 
D)  None of these answers is correct. 
A)  Generalizations, because they are so general, cannot provide evidence for their conclusions. 
B)  Polls are a type of generalization. 
C)  Generalizations are a type of deductive argument. 
D)  None of these answers is correct.

Question 12

Controlled experiments can only establish the existence of a correlation between two events and not a causal relationship.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

Which of the following is true of correlations?

Accepted Answer

A)  A correlation always indicates a causal relationship. 
B)  A positive correlation holds when the occurrence of one event decreases the chance of another event occurring. 
C)  A correlation is when two events occur together at a rate higher than mere chance would predict. 
D)  None of these answers are correct. 
A)  A correlation always indicates a causal relationship. 
B)  A positive correlation holds when the occurrence of one event decreases the chance of another event occurring. 
C)  A correlation is when two events occur together at a rate higher than mere chance would predict. 
D)  None of these answers are correct.

Question 14

Which of the following is one criterion for evaluating causal arguments as successful?

Accepted Answer

A)  The conclusion goes beyond the premises. 
B)  A correlation exists. 
C)  The data is not up-to-date. 
D)  None of these answers is correct. 
A)  The conclusion goes beyond the premises. 
B)  A correlation exists. 
C)  The data is not up-to-date. 
D)  None of these answers is correct.

Question 15

Which of the following is a factor in determining the success of an argument by analogy?

Accepted Answer

A)  the extent of the similarities between the objects compared 
B)  the extent of the dissimilarities between the objects compared 
C)  the relevance of the similarities in the premises to those alleged to hold in the conclusion 
D)  All of these answers are correct. 
A)  the extent of the similarities between the objects compared 
B)  the extent of the dissimilarities between the objects compared 
C)  the relevance of the similarities in the premises to those alleged to hold in the conclusion 
D)  All of these answers are correct.

Question 16

Which is the following is true of polls?

Accepted Answer

A)  Reliable polls use a sample that is representative of the entire population. 
B)  Phoning people at home at dinner time is best method for conducting a poll. 
C)  Polls are rarely reliable. 
D)  None of these answers is correct. 
A)  Reliable polls use a sample that is representative of the entire population. 
B)  Phoning people at home at dinner time is best method for conducting a poll. 
C)  Polls are rarely reliable. 
D)  None of these answers is correct.

Question 17

Which of the following best describes a causal argument?

Accepted Answer

A)  an event that brings about a change or effect 
B)  an argument that God must exist since the universe would not exist without a first cause 
C)  an argument that concludes one thing is the cause of other things 
D)  an argument that uses the word "because" 
A)  an event that brings about a change or effect 
B)  an argument that God must exist since the universe would not exist without a first cause 
C)  an argument that concludes one thing is the cause of other things 
D)  an argument that uses the word "because"

Question 18

A generalization is an inductive argument that seeks to establish a conclusion about an individual based on the characteristics of a group to which that individual belongs.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

Which of the following words or phrases tend to indicate that an argument is inductive?

Accepted Answer

A)  "necessarily" 
B)  "therefore" 
C)  "proposition" 
D)  "mostly likely" 
A)  "necessarily" 
B)  "therefore" 
C)  "proposition" 
D)  "mostly likely"

Question 20

Which of the following best describes a controlled experiment?

Accepted Answer

A)  an experiment in which a scientist is in charge 
B)  an experiment divided into two groups: a control group and an experimental group 
C)  an experiment that studies the effects of leadership on others 
D)  None of these answers is correct. 
A)  an experiment in which a scientist is in charge 
B)  an experiment divided into two groups: a control group and an experimental group 
C)  an experiment that studies the effects of leadership on others 
D)  None of these answers is correct.

Most causal relationships are simple.

Which of the following is true of inductive arguments?

An argument by analogy attempts to conclude that two things are alike in some respect on the ground that they are alike in other respects.

A randomly selected sample is always representative.

Which of the following may result in a biased poll?

If two objects are correlated,then one must be the cause of the other.

Analogies can be used in arguments.

Which of the following is true of generalizations?

In the context of conducting a poll,sampling is a method of collecting data about the opinions of a population.

If the occurrence of one event makes less likely the occurrence of another event,then there is a positive correlation between the two events.

Which of the following are true of generalizations?

Controlled experiments can only establish the existence of a correlation between two events and not a causal relationship.

Which of the following is true of correlations?

Which of the following is one criterion for evaluating causal arguments as successful?

Which of the following is a factor in determining the success of an argument by analogy?

Which is the following is true of polls?

Which of the following best describes a causal argument?

A generalization is an inductive argument that seeks to establish a conclusion about an individual based on the characteristics of a group to which that individual belongs.

Which of the following words or phrases tend to indicate that an argument is inductive?

Which of the following best describes a controlled experiment?

Critical Thinking: Why Its Important?

Reason and Emotion

Language and Communication

Knowledge, Evidence, and Errors in Thinking

Informal Fallacies

Recognizing, Analyzing, and Constructing Arguments

Deductive Arguments

Ethics and Moral Decision Making

Marketing and Advertising

Mass Media

Science

Law and Politics

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Exam 7: Inductive Arguments

Most causal relationships are simple.

Which of the following is true of inductive arguments?

An argument by analogy attempts to conclude that two things are alike in some respect on the ground that they are alike in other respects.

A randomly selected sample is always representative.

Which of the following may result in a biased poll?

If two objects are correlated,then one must be the cause of the other.

Analogies can be used in arguments.

Which of the following is true of generalizations?

In the context of conducting a poll,sampling is a method of collecting data about the opinions of a population.

If the occurrence of one event makes less likely the occurrence of another event,then there is a positive correlation between the two events.

Which of the following are true of generalizations?

Controlled experiments can only establish the existence of a correlation between two events and not a causal relationship.

Which of the following is true of correlations?

Which of the following is one criterion for evaluating causal arguments as successful?

Which of the following is a factor in determining the success of an argument by analogy?

Which is the following is true of polls?

Which of the following best describes a causal argument?

A generalization is an inductive argument that seeks to establish a conclusion about an individual based on the characteristics of a group to which that individual belongs.

Which of the following words or phrases tend to indicate that an argument is inductive?

Which of the following best describes a controlled experiment?

Critical Thinking: Why Its Important?

Reason and Emotion

Language and Communication

Knowledge, Evidence, and Errors in Thinking

Informal Fallacies

Recognizing, Analyzing, and Constructing Arguments

Deductive Arguments

Ethics and Moral Decision Making

Marketing and Advertising

Mass Media

Science

Law and Politics

Filters