Exam 23: Endocrine Control of Growth and Metabolism

In an effort to impress her physiology instructor,your roommate did an Internet search on cortisol.In her exuberance,she failed to read the book chapter,the instructor has not yet lectured on this chapter,and frankly she knows next to nothing about this hormone.She discovers such seemingly unrelated therapeutic effects as treatment for bee stings and rejection of transplanted organs.You,however,completed your physiology course last semester,and she turns to you for enlightenment.What can you tell her about some other therapeutic uses for cortisol,and what functional connections do these illustrate? What are some of the negative side effects?

ACTH is synthesized from a large glycoprotein called ________,which also produces ________ in the pituitary.

The effects of thyroid hormone on peripheral tissue include

What is a permissive hormone effect? Provide an example,explaining what would result if the permissive hormone was absent.

Thyroid hormone contains the mineral

The pituitary hormone that triggers the release of thyroid hormone from the thyroid gland is

GH stimulates the secretion of ________ from the liver and other tissue.This hormone has ________ feedback effect on growth hormone secretion.

Match the condition with its description. -easily observable symptom of hypercortisolism

Mature,less active bone cells are termed

Match the condition with the description. -caused by growth hormone deficiency in childhood

Todd is in the emergency room,complaining of severe back pain and pain when trying to urinate.The physician has ordered blood tests and urinalysis to measure levels of parathyroid hormone (PTH)and phosphates.What possible reason would the physician have for doing this? What would the physician conclude if the results of the blood test show high levels of PTH and calcium and the urinalysis shows high levels of phosphate? How are calcium and phosphates related?

Therapeutic surgical removal of the thyroid gland was documented more than 1000 years ago.In the 19th century,a surgeon performing that procedure had only about 50% patient survival,and patient death was often unrelated to nonspecific complications such as infection or bleeding.What condition of the thyroid is so easily diagnosed that ancient surgeons would think to remove it? What hormonal problem unrelated to thyroid hormones may account for the 50% mortality of thyroidectomy patients in the 19th century (and probably throughout history)? Why didn't the surgeons anticipate this problem? Why wasn't the mortality closer to 100%?

Which of the following transporters are known to transport thyroid hormones into target cells?

Structurally similar steroids sometimes bind to the same receptor,producing ________ effects.

In bone,the calcium phosphate forms crystals of ________.

The action of a hormone on a target cell involves effects on

Match the condition with the description. -This condition results from excess androgens in females.

Describe differences in effects of hormones of growth and metabolism in children compared to effects in adults.

Thyroid hormones are structural derivatives of the amino acid ________.

Match the disease with the description. -associated with overactive osteoclasts