Question 1

If employee goals and norms conflict with the organization's goals,then:

Accepted Answer

A) employees should make most decisions in the organization. 
B) employees should be invited to make recommendations on important ideas,which are almost always accepted by management. 
C) employees should never be involved in organizational decisions. 
D) employees should have a low level of employee involvement. 
E) employees should belong to self-directed work teams. 
A) employees should make most decisions in the organization. 
B) employees should be invited to make recommendations on important ideas,which are almost always accepted by management. 
C) employees should never be involved in organizational decisions. 
D) employees should have a low level of employee involvement. 
E) employees should belong to self-directed work teams.

Question 2

Which of these statements about human decision making is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A) Personal biases typically distort the selection and interpretation of information. 
B) Decision makers engage in a limited search for and evaluation of alternatives. 
C) Decision makers usually examine all alternatives at the same time. 
D) Decision makers compare each alternative to an implicit favourite. 
E) Decision makers have a limited capacity to process information. 
A) Personal biases typically distort the selection and interpretation of information. 
B) Decision makers engage in a limited search for and evaluation of alternatives. 
C) Decision makers usually examine all alternatives at the same time. 
D) Decision makers compare each alternative to an implicit favourite. 
E) Decision makers have a limited capacity to process information.

Question 3

Mental models have what effect on the decision-making process?

Accepted Answer

A) They perpetuate assumptions that make it difficult to see new opportunities. 
B) They cause production blocking in decision making. 
C) They make it unnecessary to develop alternative solutions to the problem. 
D) They cause decision makers to maximize rather than satisfice. 
E) They help people to be more creative in decision making. 
A) They perpetuate assumptions that make it difficult to see new opportunities. 
B) They cause production blocking in decision making. 
C) They make it unnecessary to develop alternative solutions to the problem. 
D) They cause decision makers to maximize rather than satisfice. 
E) They help people to be more creative in decision making.

Question 4

_________ heuristic is a natural tendency to evaluate probabilities of events or objects by the degree to which they resemble other events or objects rather than on objective probability information.

Accepted Answer

A) Insufficient 
B) Anchoring and adjustment 
C) Informational 
D) Representativeness 
E) Resemblance 
A) Insufficient 
B) Anchoring and adjustment 
C) Informational 
D) Representativeness 
E) Resemblance

Question 5

Decision making is an unconscious process of moving toward a desirable state of affairs.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

Two contingencies of employee involvement are decision commitment and risk of conflict.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

The Director of Nursing is looking for a new work schedule for nurses throughout the hospital.She evaluates a schedule system as soon as she learns about it.Eventually,she finds a schedule that is 'good enough' for her needs,even though there may be better schedules available that she hasn't yet learned about.The Director of Nursing is engaging in:

Accepted Answer

A) escalation of commitment 
B) satisficing 
C) perceptual blinders 
D) post-decisional justification 
E) none of these statements describes the Director of Nursing's decision. 
A) escalation of commitment 
B) satisficing 
C) perceptual blinders 
D) post-decisional justification 
E) none of these statements describes the Director of Nursing's decision.

Question 8

Employee involvement tends to have which of the following benefits in decision making?

Accepted Answer

A) Leads to a more accurate definition of the problem. 
B) Improves the number and quality of alternative solutions. 
C) Increases the likelihood of selecting the best alternative. 
D) Strengthens employee commitment to the solution. 
E) All of these statements are correct. 
A) Leads to a more accurate definition of the problem. 
B) Improves the number and quality of alternative solutions. 
C) Increases the likelihood of selecting the best alternative. 
D) Strengthens employee commitment to the solution. 
E) All of these statements are correct.

Question 9

Escalation of commitment is more likely to occur when the perceived costs of terminating the project are high or unknown.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

Millions of dollars were wasted on the development of a new machine-made potato chip,at Fancy Chips Ltd.As a result,the Board of Directors of the food-processing firm fired the CEO who had proposed and championed the product's development.The new CEO's first task is to find out why this monumental waste of money had occurred and how it can be prevented in the future.Provide three possible explanations why this escalation of commitment occurred at Fancy Chips Ltd.

Accepted Answer

(Note: This question is similar to discu

Question 11

An executive was trying to think of ways to increase sales of ballpoint pens among young people.While walking down a street with lots of neon signs,the executive got the idea that young people would want to buy pens with ink in bright neon colours and with pen containers that glow in the dark.This situation is an example of:

Accepted Answer

A) divergent thinking. 
B) escalation of commitment. 
C) devil's advocacy. 
D) bounded rationality. 
E) programmed decision making. 
A) divergent thinking. 
B) escalation of commitment. 
C) devil's advocacy. 
D) bounded rationality. 
E) programmed decision making.

Question 12

People who are creative thinkers:

Accepted Answer

A) are generally less creative than people with an analytic thinking style. 
B) have a strong tendency to follow fixed patterns of behaviour. 
C) are persistent. 
D) prefer spending their time improving existing things rather than creating new things. 
E) are all of the above. 
A) are generally less creative than people with an analytic thinking style. 
B) have a strong tendency to follow fixed patterns of behaviour. 
C) are persistent. 
D) prefer spending their time improving existing things rather than creating new things. 
E) are all of the above.

Question 13

At what stage of the rational choice decision making model would we consider whether the decision is programmed or non-programmed?

Accepted Answer

A) Identifying the problem or opportunity. 
B) Choosing the most appropriate decision style. 
C) Developing alternative solutions. 
D) Choosing the best alternative. 
E) Evaluating decision outcomes. 
A) Identifying the problem or opportunity. 
B) Choosing the most appropriate decision style. 
C) Developing alternative solutions. 
D) Choosing the best alternative. 
E) Evaluating decision outcomes.

Question 14

What do impromptu storytelling,morphological analysis,and artwork have in common?

Accepted Answer

A) They are forms of cross-pollination. 
B) They increase the risk of bounded rationality. 
C) They are forms of associative play. 
D) They significantly weaken the creative process. 
E) They are mainly used to improve the rational choice process. 
A) They are forms of cross-pollination. 
B) They increase the risk of bounded rationality. 
C) They are forms of associative play. 
D) They significantly weaken the creative process. 
E) They are mainly used to improve the rational choice process.

Question 15

The tendency to define problems in terms of a preferred solution occurs because:

Accepted Answer

A) it reduces ambiguity of the situation. 
B) decision makers prefer ambiguity rather than decisiveness. 
C) this avoids the escalation of commitment problem. 
D) it avoids problems of bounded rationality. 
E) all of these statements are correct. 
A) it reduces ambiguity of the situation. 
B) decision makers prefer ambiguity rather than decisiveness. 
C) this avoids the escalation of commitment problem. 
D) it avoids problems of bounded rationality. 
E) all of these statements are correct.

Question 16

The rational choice paradigm assumes that decision makers have limited information-processing capabilities and engage in a limited search for alternatives.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

Which of the following would be considered employee involvement?

Accepted Answer

A) A legally mandated union-management health and safety committee. 
B) A supervisor casually asking an employee whether the company should adopt a new type of work schedule. 
C) A computer program that allows employees to submit information and ideas. 
D) An arrangement whereby employees elect two colleagues to the company's Board of Directors. 
E) All of these statements are considered employee involvement. 
A) A legally mandated union-management health and safety committee. 
B) A supervisor casually asking an employee whether the company should adopt a new type of work schedule. 
C) A computer program that allows employees to submit information and ideas. 
D) An arrangement whereby employees elect two colleagues to the company's Board of Directors. 
E) All of these statements are considered employee involvement.

Question 18

The rational choice model of decision making is impossible to apply in reality because:

Accepted Answer

A) it ignores the fact that problems must be defined before alternatives are chosen. 
B) it assumes that human beings make decisions based on their emotions. 
C) it assumes that people are efficient and logical information processing machines. 
D) it ignores the fact that people evaluate their decision after an alternative has been chosen and implemented. 
E) All of these statements are correct. 
A) it ignores the fact that problems must be defined before alternatives are chosen. 
B) it assumes that human beings make decisions based on their emotions. 
C) it assumes that people are efficient and logical information processing machines. 
D) it ignores the fact that people evaluate their decision after an alternative has been chosen and implemented. 
E) All of these statements are correct.

Question 19

The higher the level of employee involvement,the more influence people have over the decision process.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

Insight and verification are:

Accepted Answer

A) two symptoms of groupthink. 
B) the first two stages of creativity. 
C) the two main differences between brainstorming and electronic brainstorming. 
D) the last two stages of the creative process. 
E) the first two stages of evaluation apprehension. 
A) two symptoms of groupthink. 
B) the first two stages of creativity. 
C) the two main differences between brainstorming and electronic brainstorming. 
D) the last two stages of the creative process. 
E) the first two stages of evaluation apprehension.

If employee goals and norms conflict with the organization's goals,then:

Which of these statements about human decision making is FALSE?

Mental models have what effect on the decision-making process?

_________ heuristic is a natural tendency to evaluate probabilities of events or objects by the degree to which they resemble other events or objects rather than on objective probability information.

Decision making is an unconscious process of moving toward a desirable state of affairs.

Two contingencies of employee involvement are decision commitment and risk of conflict.

Employee involvement tends to have which of the following benefits in decision making?

Escalation of commitment is more likely to occur when the perceived costs of terminating the project are high or unknown.

People who are creative thinkers:

At what stage of the rational choice decision making model would we consider whether the decision is programmed or non-programmed?

What do impromptu storytelling,morphological analysis,and artwork have in common?

The tendency to define problems in terms of a preferred solution occurs because:

The rational choice paradigm assumes that decision makers have limited information-processing capabilities and engage in a limited search for alternatives.

Which of the following would be considered employee involvement?

The rational choice model of decision making is impossible to apply in reality because:

The higher the level of employee involvement,the more influence people have over the decision process.

Insight and verification are:

Introduction to the Field of Organizational Behavior

Individual Behavior, Personality, and Values

Perceiving Ourselves and Others in Organizations

Workplace Emotions, Attitudes, and Stress

Foundations of Employee Motivation

Applied Performance Practices

Team Dynamics

Communicating in Teams and Organizations

Power and Influence in the Workplace

Conflict and Negotiation in the Workplace

Leadership in Organizational Settings

Designing Organizational Structures

Organizational Culture

Organizational Change

Filters

Exam 7: Decision Making and Creativity

If employee goals and norms conflict with the organization's goals,then:

Which of these statements about human decision making is FALSE?

Mental models have what effect on the decision-making process?

_________ heuristic is a natural tendency to evaluate probabilities of events or objects by the degree to which they resemble other events or objects rather than on objective probability information.

Decision making is an unconscious process of moving toward a desirable state of affairs.

Two contingencies of employee involvement are decision commitment and risk of conflict.

Employee involvement tends to have which of the following benefits in decision making?

Escalation of commitment is more likely to occur when the perceived costs of terminating the project are high or unknown.

People who are creative thinkers:

At what stage of the rational choice decision making model would we consider whether the decision is programmed or non-programmed?

What do impromptu storytelling,morphological analysis,and artwork have in common?

The tendency to define problems in terms of a preferred solution occurs because:

The rational choice paradigm assumes that decision makers have limited information-processing capabilities and engage in a limited search for alternatives.

Which of the following would be considered employee involvement?

The rational choice model of decision making is impossible to apply in reality because:

The higher the level of employee involvement,the more influence people have over the decision process.

Insight and verification are:

Introduction to the Field of Organizational Behavior

Individual Behavior, Personality, and Values

Perceiving Ourselves and Others in Organizations

Workplace Emotions, Attitudes, and Stress

Foundations of Employee Motivation

Applied Performance Practices

Team Dynamics

Communicating in Teams and Organizations

Power and Influence in the Workplace

Conflict and Negotiation in the Workplace

Leadership in Organizational Settings

Designing Organizational Structures

Organizational Culture

Organizational Change

Filters