Exam 51: Osmotic Regulation and the Urinary System

Vertebrate urine production involves I-using the higher blood pressure to push water through a filter,along with water,small molecules pass into the filtrate. II-cells and proteins are retained in the blood,water is reabsorbed as the filtrate is passing through a long tube. III-ammonia produced as the metabolic breakdown is excreted.

According to the figure,which letter corresponds to the lowest tubular fluid osmolarity?

Select the incorrectly matched vertebrate and its urine concentration relative to its blood.

Which of the following molecules must be administered in high amounts because of the very efficient secretion and removal by the kidney tubules?

The kidneys of which one of the following are so highly efficient that it never has to drink water and can obtain all of its water from its food?

The individual functioning unit of a kidney that consists of a system of tubules and associated small blood vessels is called

In kidneys,fluid flow in opposite directions occurs to create a ____________ multiplier system.

The adrenal hormone that regulates kidney function does so by

According to the figure,what is the most likely osmotic pressure for fluid at E during moderate diuresis?

No matter how much water a human drinks,the kidneys are always regulating various aspects of the plasma.Which of the following are being regulated? I-the pH of the blood II-the plasma concentration of iron ions III-the plasma concentration of sodium ions IV-the plasma concentration of potassium ions V-the plasma temperature

Modifications,particularly the presence of the loop of Henle,allow mammals and birds to reabsorb water efficiently and produce a ____________ urine.

An increase in the production of ADH affects the kidney tubules by

Modification of the basic design and function of the kidney of the freshwater fish leading to the development of which of the following allows mammals and birds to produce a hyperosmotic urine?

Which of the following animals cannot make hyperosmotic urine?

The mammalian kidney contains structures that can perform various functions.These functions include I-excretion. II-reabsorption. III-secretion. IV-filtration.

All of the following are reabsorbed in the nephron except

A function not associated with vertebrate kidneys is

The presence of the loop of Henle allows which of the following animals to reabsorb water and produce a hypertonic urine?

The two hormones that influence kidney function are produced in the

In the __________,a tuft of capillaries in the renal cortex,blood is filtered through the porous capillary walls.