Question 1

Consider the cladogram associated with the question.Which pair of species shares the greatest number of derived characters (synapomorphies)?

Accepted Answer

A) 1 and 4 
B) 6 and 3 
C) 6 and 1 
D) 5 and 6 
E) 5 and 1 
A) 1 and 4 
B) 6 and 3 
C) 6 and 1 
D) 5 and 6 
E) 5 and 1 A

Question 2

Systematists often use DNA sequencing in ______________ ,the study of the order of evolutionary events within a group sharing derived characters.

Accepted Answer

cladistics

Question 3

Based on the phylogeny shown,the outgroup would be species

Accepted Answer

A) 1. 
B) 2. 
C) 3. 
D) 4. 
E) 5. 
A) 1. 
B) 2. 
C) 3. 
D) 4. 
E) 5. A

Question 4

Consider the cladogram associated with the question.Based on this cladogram,which species has the greatest number of ancestral character states?

Accepted Answer

A) 1 
B) 2 
C) 3 
D) 4 
E) 5 
A) 1 
B) 2 
C) 3 
D) 4 
E) 5

Question 5

The evolution of saber teeth in a number of groups of extinct carnivorous mammals is an example of

Accepted Answer

A) homoplasy caused by convergence. 
B) homoplasy caused by common descent. 
C) homoplasy caused by evolutionary reversal. 
D) homology caused by convergence. 
E) homology caused by common descent. 
A) homoplasy caused by convergence. 
B) homoplasy caused by common descent. 
C) homoplasy caused by evolutionary reversal. 
D) homology caused by convergence. 
E) homology caused by common descent.

Question 6

The table shows the distribution of traits (A-E)in six extant species (1-6).A "0" indicates the ancestral condition;a "1" is the derived condition.Construct a cladogram from these data.Which pair of species shares the greatest number of derived characters (synapomorphies)?

Accepted Answer

A) 1 and 4 
B) 3 and 4 
C) 4 and 5 
D) 2 and 4 
E) 2 and 5 
A) 1 and 4 
B) 3 and 4 
C) 4 and 5 
D) 2 and 4 
E) 2 and 5

Question 7

Birds,snakes,lizards,turtles,and crocodiles are all thought to share a common ancestor and several homologous traits.Assuming that this is true,these groups of animals would best represent

Accepted Answer

A) a polyphyletic group. 
B) a monophyletic group. 
C) homoplastic convergence. 
D) several clades. 
E) a species cluster. 
A) a polyphyletic group. 
B) a monophyletic group. 
C) homoplastic convergence. 
D) several clades. 
E) a species cluster.

Question 8

Derived character states shared by clade members are called

Accepted Answer

A) ancestral traits. 
B) homoplasies. 
C) synapomorphies. 
D) plesiomorphies. 
E) symplesiomorphies. 
A) ancestral traits. 
B) homoplasies. 
C) synapomorphies. 
D) plesiomorphies. 
E) symplesiomorphies.

Question 9

The evolutionary sequence in the development of a complex character can be best analyzed through

Accepted Answer

A) homoplasies. 
B) phylogenetics. 
C) taxonomy. 
D) classification. 
E) synapomorphies. 
A) homoplasies. 
B) phylogenetics. 
C) taxonomy. 
D) classification. 
E) synapomorphies.

Question 10

The principle of ______________ favors the hypothesis that requires the fewest assumptions.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The principle of ______________ favors the hypothesis...

Question 11

Consider the cladogram associated with the question.Which pair of species shares the greatest number of derived characters (synapomorphies)?

Accepted Answer

A) 4 and 2 
B) 5 and 3 
C) 6 and 1 
D) 6 and 2 
E) 5 and 2 
A) 4 and 2 
B) 5 and 3 
C) 6 and 1 
D) 6 and 2 
E) 5 and 2

Question 12

Assume that evidence suggests that the crocodiles are more closely related to the birds than the turtles and snakes.If so,then including the crocodiles but not the birds in the class reptilia,would make the class reptilia

Accepted Answer

A) a monophyletic group. 
B) a paraphyletic group. 
C) a polyphyletic group. 
D) parsimonious. 
E) not homologous. 
A) a monophyletic group. 
B) a paraphyletic group. 
C) a polyphyletic group. 
D) parsimonious. 
E) not homologous.

Question 13

The evolution of plant-conducting tubes (sieve tubes)in land plants and brown algae is an example of

Accepted Answer

A) homoplasy caused by convergence. 
B) homoplasy caused by common descent. 
C) homoplasy caused by evolutionary reversal. 
D) homology caused by convergence. 
E) homology caused by common descent. 
A) homoplasy caused by convergence. 
B) homoplasy caused by common descent. 
C) homoplasy caused by evolutionary reversal. 
D) homology caused by convergence. 
E) homology caused by common descent.

Question 14

A ______________ group consists of the most recent common ancestor and all of its descendants.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A ______________ group consists of the most...

Question 15

One day after a biology class four of your friends argue about the difference between phylogeny and systematics.Which friend is right?

Accepted Answer

A) Friend A states that systematics and phylogenies are really the same,one is more recent than the other,but basically they are the same. 
B) Friend B says that systematics is the same as cladistics and cladistics is reconstructing clades,which ultimately lead to the development of phylogenies. 
C) Friend C argues that systematics is the actual collecting and cataloguing of specimens into museums that can be used later by scientists to construct clades and phylogenies. 
D) Friend D says that the way she remembers is that systematics is the reconstruction and study of phylogenies. 
A) Friend A states that systematics and phylogenies are really the same,one is more recent than the other,but basically they are the same. 
B) Friend B says that systematics is the same as cladistics and cladistics is reconstructing clades,which ultimately lead to the development of phylogenies. 
C) Friend C argues that systematics is the actual collecting and cataloguing of specimens into museums that can be used later by scientists to construct clades and phylogenies. 
D) Friend D says that the way she remembers is that systematics is the reconstruction and study of phylogenies.

Question 16

Consider the cladogram associated with the question.Which pair of species shares the greatest number of derived characters (synapomorphies)?

Accepted Answer

A) 1 and 4 
B) 3 and 4 
C) 4 and 5 
D) 2 and 4 
E) 2 and 5 
A) 1 and 4 
B) 3 and 4 
C) 4 and 5 
D) 2 and 4 
E) 2 and 5

Question 17

A derived character that is shared by all members of a clade is called a ______________ of that clade.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A derived character that is shared by...

Question 18

A phylogenetically based taxonomy is important not only in creating a logical way to name organisms,but also in learning about ________ of organisms using information in related species.

Accepted Answer

A) physiology 
B) behavior 
C) development 
D) physiology,behavior,and development 
A) physiology 
B) behavior 
C) development 
D) physiology,behavior,and development

Question 19

Which one of the following statements about the evolution of direct development in limpets is false?

Accepted Answer

A) Loss of structures in the transition from presence of a larval stage to direct development may inhibit evolutionary reversal. 
B) Cladistic analysis suggests that the independent evolution of direct development occurred six times in limpets. 
C) Cladistic analysis suggests that re-evolution of the larval stage in limpets that have lost it would be the most parsimonious conclusion. 
D) This study shows that evolution always proceeds parsimoniously. 
E) Possession of a larval stage is the ancestral state in limpets. 
A) Loss of structures in the transition from presence of a larval stage to direct development may inhibit evolutionary reversal. 
B) Cladistic analysis suggests that the independent evolution of direct development occurred six times in limpets. 
C) Cladistic analysis suggests that re-evolution of the larval stage in limpets that have lost it would be the most parsimonious conclusion. 
D) This study shows that evolution always proceeds parsimoniously. 
E) Possession of a larval stage is the ancestral state in limpets.

Question 20

Consider the cladogram associated with the question.Based on this cladogram,which species has the greatest number of ancestral character states?

Accepted Answer

A) 1 
B) 2 
C) 3 
D) 4 
E) 6 
A) 1 
B) 2 
C) 3 
D) 4 
E) 6

Exam 23: Systematics and the Phylogenetic Revolution

Consider the cladogram associated with the question.Which pair of species shares the greatest number of derived characters (synapomorphies)?

Systematists often use DNA sequencing in ______________ ,the study of the order of evolutionary events within a group sharing derived characters.

Based on the phylogeny shown,the outgroup would be species

Consider the cladogram associated with the question.Based on this cladogram,which species has the greatest number of ancestral character states?

The evolution of saber teeth in a number of groups of extinct carnivorous mammals is an example of

The table shows the distribution of traits (A-E)in six extant species (1-6).A "0" indicates the ancestral condition;a "1" is the derived condition.Construct a cladogram from these data.Which pair of species shares the greatest number of derived characters (synapomorphies)?

Birds,snakes,lizards,turtles,and crocodiles are all thought to share a common ancestor and several homologous traits.Assuming that this is true,these groups of animals would best represent

Derived character states shared by clade members are called

The evolutionary sequence in the development of a complex character can be best analyzed through

The principle of ______________ favors the hypothesis that requires the fewest assumptions.

Consider the cladogram associated with the question.Which pair of species shares the greatest number of derived characters (synapomorphies)?

Assume that evidence suggests that the crocodiles are more closely related to the birds than the turtles and snakes.If so,then including the crocodiles but not the birds in the class reptilia,would make the class reptilia

The evolution of plant-conducting tubes (sieve tubes)in land plants and brown algae is an example of

A ______________ group consists of the most recent common ancestor and all of its descendants.

One day after a biology class four of your friends argue about the difference between phylogeny and systematics.Which friend is right?

Consider the cladogram associated with the question.Which pair of species shares the greatest number of derived characters (synapomorphies)?

A derived character that is shared by all members of a clade is called a ______________ of that clade.

A phylogenetically based taxonomy is important not only in creating a logical way to name organisms,but also in learning about ________ of organisms using information in related species.

Which one of the following statements about the evolution of direct development in limpets is false?

Consider the cladogram associated with the question.Based on this cladogram,which species has the greatest number of ancestral character states?

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