Question 1

The evolution of notochord development in ascidians is best explained by

Accepted Answer

A) a new gene mutation. 
B) the co-option of an existing gene for a new function. 
C) homoplastic convergence. 
D) gene duplication and divergence. 
E) conserved genes. 
A) a new gene mutation. 
B) the co-option of an existing gene for a new function. 
C) homoplastic convergence. 
D) gene duplication and divergence. 
E) conserved genes. B

Question 2

Which of the following statements about experiments to determine the roles of AP3 and PI in petal development is false?

Accepted Answer

A) ap3 mutant plants can produce stamens but not petals. 
B) ap3 mutant plants with a complete AP3 C-terminus can produce petals. 
C) ap3 mutant plants with no AP3 C-terminus can produce stamens. 
D) ap3 mutant plants with a complete PI C-terminus cannot produce petals. 
E) ap3 mutant plants with a complete PI C-terminus can produce some stamens. 
A) ap3 mutant plants can produce stamens but not petals. 
B) ap3 mutant plants with a complete AP3 C-terminus can produce petals. 
C) ap3 mutant plants with no AP3 C-terminus can produce stamens. 
D) ap3 mutant plants with a complete PI C-terminus cannot produce petals. 
E) ap3 mutant plants with a complete PI C-terminus can produce some stamens. A

Question 3

Which of the following statements about the evolution of insect wing patterns is false?

Accepted Answer

A) In insects,scales are evolutionarily derived from bristles. 
B) Scales and bristles are regulated by the same underlying mechanisms. 
C) Wing patterns,such as eyespots,are derived through the action of homologous genes on the distribution of scales in the wing. 
D) Wing pattern development has involved co-option of existing control programs for new functions. 
E) The gene sets whose functions have been co-opted to control wing pattern development differ in different insects. 
A) In insects,scales are evolutionarily derived from bristles. 
B) Scales and bristles are regulated by the same underlying mechanisms. 
C) Wing patterns,such as eyespots,are derived through the action of homologous genes on the distribution of scales in the wing. 
D) Wing pattern development has involved co-option of existing control programs for new functions. 
E) The gene sets whose functions have been co-opted to control wing pattern development differ in different insects. C

Question 4

Which of the following statements about the evolution of cauliflower and broccoli from wild cabbage is false?

Accepted Answer

A) The function of the ancestral CAL gene was to produce a few simple flowers. 
B) The stop codon within the CAL gene is a derived character for cauliflower and broccoli. 
C) Natural selection favored the CAL gene with the stop codon over the ancestral CAL gene. 
D) Cauliflower,broccoli,kale,and wild cabbage are all subspecies. 
E) Broccoli and cauliflower have mass of undeveloped flowers. 
A) The function of the ancestral CAL gene was to produce a few simple flowers. 
B) The stop codon within the CAL gene is a derived character for cauliflower and broccoli. 
C) Natural selection favored the CAL gene with the stop codon over the ancestral CAL gene. 
D) Cauliflower,broccoli,kale,and wild cabbage are all subspecies. 
E) Broccoli and cauliflower have mass of undeveloped flowers.

Question 5

Which of the following statements about the early evolution of flower development is false?

Accepted Answer

A) A MADS box gene duplicated to give rise to genes paleoAP3 and PI. 
B) Stamen development is controlled by the genes paleoAP3 and PI. 
C) paleoAP3 duplicated to form AP3 and an AP3 duplicate gene. 
D) With the duplication of paleoAP3,AP3 gained a role in stamen development. 
E) AP3 with a role in petal development is a derived character in the eudicots. 
A) A MADS box gene duplicated to give rise to genes paleoAP3 and PI. 
B) Stamen development is controlled by the genes paleoAP3 and PI. 
C) paleoAP3 duplicated to form AP3 and an AP3 duplicate gene. 
D) With the duplication of paleoAP3,AP3 gained a role in stamen development. 
E) AP3 with a role in petal development is a derived character in the eudicots.

Question 6

A major paradox of development is how highly _________________ genes can produce diverse morphologies.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A major paradox of development is how...

Question 7

The development of eyes has been intensively studied.Eyes of vertebrates and insects are

Accepted Answer

A) analogous (homoplastic),not homologous,yet the same Pax6 gene initiates development. 
B) homologous,not analogous (homoplastic),yet the same Pax6 gene initiates development. 
C) analogous (homoplastic),not homologous,and development is initiated by two different genes,Pax6 and Pax7. 
D) homologous,not analogous (homoplastic),and development is initiated by two different genes,Pax6 and Pax7. 
E) completely unrelated,and development is initiated by a whole suite of different genes in different species. 
A) analogous (homoplastic),not homologous,yet the same Pax6 gene initiates development. 
B) homologous,not analogous (homoplastic),yet the same Pax6 gene initiates development. 
C) analogous (homoplastic),not homologous,and development is initiated by two different genes,Pax6 and Pax7. 
D) homologous,not analogous (homoplastic),and development is initiated by two different genes,Pax6 and Pax7. 
E) completely unrelated,and development is initiated by a whole suite of different genes in different species.

Question 8

Which of the following statements about the roles of AP3 and PI in petal development in the eudicots is false?

Accepted Answer

A) The PI and AP3 proteins can bind to each other. 
B) The C terminus sequence of the AP3 protein specifies petal development. 
C) The C terminus sequence of the AP3 protein is conserved among the ancestral flowering plants. 
D) AP3 has an essential role in petal development encoded at its 3' enD. 
E) The PI gene in eudicots retains an involvement in stamen development. 
A) The PI and AP3 proteins can bind to each other. 
B) The C terminus sequence of the AP3 protein specifies petal development. 
C) The C terminus sequence of the AP3 protein is conserved among the ancestral flowering plants. 
D) AP3 has an essential role in petal development encoded at its 3' enD. 
E) The PI gene in eudicots retains an involvement in stamen development.

Question 9

Eyes in different animal groups arose independently many times,

Accepted Answer

A) and the genes triggering lens formation in these different groups are homologous. 
B) and the genes triggering lens formation in these different groups are homoplastic (analogous). 
C) and the genes triggering lens formation in these different groups are examples of divergent evolution. 
D) and the genes for eye color are multivariate. 
E) and the genes for the eyes themselves are divergent. 
A) and the genes triggering lens formation in these different groups are homologous. 
B) and the genes triggering lens formation in these different groups are homoplastic (analogous). 
C) and the genes triggering lens formation in these different groups are examples of divergent evolution. 
D) and the genes for eye color are multivariate. 
E) and the genes for the eyes themselves are divergent.

Question 10

HOX and MADS box genes have all of the following in common except

Accepted Answer

A) they evolved recently. 
B) they encode transcription factors. 
C) they influence when and where other genes are expressed. 
D) their products have DNA-binding motifs. 
E) they are highly conserved. 
A) they evolved recently. 
B) they encode transcription factors. 
C) they influence when and where other genes are expressed. 
D) their products have DNA-binding motifs. 
E) they are highly conserved.

Question 11

One of the reasons why the model systems of yeast,Arabidopsis,nematode worms,fruit flies,and mice are so often used to study functional analysis of genes is because

Accepted Answer

A) they all have only a few chromosomes. 
B) they are easy to cross with each other and observe polyploidy effects. 
C) they have short life cycles. 
D) they are easy to observe in the wilD. 
E) they mutate easily leading to new genomic variations. 
A) they all have only a few chromosomes. 
B) they are easy to cross with each other and observe polyploidy effects. 
C) they have short life cycles. 
D) they are easy to observe in the wilD. 
E) they mutate easily leading to new genomic variations.

Question 12

The evolution of patterns on insect wings can be affected by all of the following functions except

Accepted Answer

A) species recognition. 
B) protection from predation. 
C) thermoregulation. 
D) warning coloration. 
E) aesthetics. 
A) species recognition. 
B) protection from predation. 
C) thermoregulation. 
D) warning coloration. 
E) aesthetics.

Question 13

Which of the following statements about the cichlid fish of Lake Malawi is false?

Accepted Answer

A) Within a few million years,hundreds of cichlid species evolved within this lake. 
B) Hundreds of different genes determine the length of the jaw in these fish. 
C) Jaw length determines overall body shape and size. 
D) Many different unique niches exist within the lake,which the various cichlids occupy. 
E) Evolution of this group of fish was very rapid. 
A) Within a few million years,hundreds of cichlid species evolved within this lake. 
B) Hundreds of different genes determine the length of the jaw in these fish. 
C) Jaw length determines overall body shape and size. 
D) Many different unique niches exist within the lake,which the various cichlids occupy. 
E) Evolution of this group of fish was very rapid.

Question 14

Which of the following observations does not support the hypothesis that the initiation of eye development in animals occurred only once.

Accepted Answer

A) In some organisms,Pax6-related genes are associated with development of the forehead. 
B) A large number of different organism use Pax6-related genes in eye development. 
C) The DNA sequence of Pax6-related genes in animals is uniformly similar. 
D) The common ancestor of animals had a simple system for detecting light. 
A) In some organisms,Pax6-related genes are associated with development of the forehead. 
B) A large number of different organism use Pax6-related genes in eye development. 
C) The DNA sequence of Pax6-related genes in animals is uniformly similar. 
D) The common ancestor of animals had a simple system for detecting light.

Question 15

The evolution of development of snout-length in cichlid fish is best explained by

Accepted Answer

A) a single gene mutation. 
B) the co-option of an existing gene for a new function. 
C) homoplastic convergence. 
D) gene duplication and divergence. 
E) conserved genes. 
A) a single gene mutation. 
B) the co-option of an existing gene for a new function. 
C) homoplastic convergence. 
D) gene duplication and divergence. 
E) conserved genes.

Question 16

Which of the following statements about the evolution of notochord development in ascidians is false?

Accepted Answer

A) The ancestral Brachyury gene exists in invertebrates. 
B) Brachyury gene in ascidians has a role in notochord development. 
C) In ascidians,the Brachyury T-box region encodes a transcription factor. 
D) The Brachyury gene is not present in vertebrates. 
E) Since invertebrates do not have notochords,the Brachyury gene must have evolved a new function. 
A) The ancestral Brachyury gene exists in invertebrates. 
B) Brachyury gene in ascidians has a role in notochord development. 
C) In ascidians,the Brachyury T-box region encodes a transcription factor. 
D) The Brachyury gene is not present in vertebrates. 
E) Since invertebrates do not have notochords,the Brachyury gene must have evolved a new function.

Question 17

Most mutations that affect developmental regulatory genes are _________________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Most mutations that affect developmental regulatory genes...

Question 18

Which of the following is not usually involved in the development of a new morphology?

Accepted Answer

A) evolution of a new gene to code for the new morphology 
B) homeosis 
C) heterochrony 
D) changes in signaling pathways 
E) changes in the regulatory sequence of a transcription factor gene 
A) evolution of a new gene to code for the new morphology 
B) homeosis 
C) heterochrony 
D) changes in signaling pathways 
E) changes in the regulatory sequence of a transcription factor gene

Question 19

Which of the following items is not an activity normally associated with functional gene analysis?

Accepted Answer

A) Experimentally determine the function of a gene in a species. 
B) Compare sequences in different species. 
C) Distinguish paralogs from orthologs. 
D) Use bioinformatic tools. 
E) Work only with model organisms. 
A) Experimentally determine the function of a gene in a species. 
B) Compare sequences in different species. 
C) Distinguish paralogs from orthologs. 
D) Use bioinformatic tools. 
E) Work only with model organisms.

Question 20

Indirect development in sea urchins involves the presence of a _________________ stage.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Indirect development in sea urchins involves the...

Exam 25: Evolution of Development

The evolution of notochord development in ascidians is best explained by

Which of the following statements about experiments to determine the roles of AP3 and PI in petal development is false?

Which of the following statements about the evolution of insect wing patterns is false?

Which of the following statements about the evolution of cauliflower and broccoli from wild cabbage is false?

Which of the following statements about the early evolution of flower development is false?

A major paradox of development is how highly _________________ genes can produce diverse morphologies.

The development of eyes has been intensively studied.Eyes of vertebrates and insects are

Which of the following statements about the roles of AP3 and PI in petal development in the eudicots is false?

Eyes in different animal groups arose independently many times,

HOX and MADS box genes have all of the following in common except

One of the reasons why the model systems of yeast,Arabidopsis,nematode worms,fruit flies,and mice are so often used to study functional analysis of genes is because

The evolution of patterns on insect wings can be affected by all of the following functions except

Which of the following statements about the cichlid fish of Lake Malawi is false?

Which of the following observations does not support the hypothesis that the initiation of eye development in animals occurred only once.

The evolution of development of snout-length in cichlid fish is best explained by

Which of the following statements about the evolution of notochord development in ascidians is false?

Most mutations that affect developmental regulatory genes are _________________.

Which of the following is not usually involved in the development of a new morphology?

Which of the following items is not an activity normally associated with functional gene analysis?

Indirect development in sea urchins involves the presence of a _________________ stage.

The Science of Biology

The Nature of Molecules

The Chemical Building Blocks of Life

Cell Structure

Membranes

Energy and Metabolism

How Cells Harvest Energy

Photosynthesis

Cell Communication

How Cells Divide

Sexual Reproduction and Meiosis

Patterns of Inheritance

Chromosomes Mapping and the Meiosis - Inheritance Connection

Dna: the Genetic Material

Genes and How They Work

Control of Gene Expression

Biotechnology

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Genes Within Populations

The Evidence for Evolution

The Origin of Species

Systematics and the Phylogenetic Revolution

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Overview of Green Plants

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Noncoelomate Invertebrates

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