Question 1

A seed germinates as a result of

Accepted Answer

A) a predetermined internal clock set in place at fertilization. 
B) responses to changes in its environment. 
C) having tolerated a long winter. 
D) being planted at the correct time. 
E) its genetics. 
A) a predetermined internal clock set in place at fertilization. 
B) responses to changes in its environment. 
C) having tolerated a long winter. 
D) being planted at the correct time. 
E) its genetics. B

Question 2

Plants do not utilize the process of cell migration in their development.Instead plants utilize

Accepted Answer

A) the process of building themselves inwardly via the meristems present in the developing plant tissues. 
B) the process of building themselves outwardly via the meristems present in the developing plant tissues. 
C) the process of building themselves with epidermal tissues,which eventually become ground tissues,which can then begin the process of photosynthesis. 
D) the process of building themselves by using their vascular tissues to form meristems,which eventually cause normal development in the plant. 
A) the process of building themselves inwardly via the meristems present in the developing plant tissues. 
B) the process of building themselves outwardly via the meristems present in the developing plant tissues. 
C) the process of building themselves with epidermal tissues,which eventually become ground tissues,which can then begin the process of photosynthesis. 
D) the process of building themselves by using their vascular tissues to form meristems,which eventually cause normal development in the plant. B

Question 3

Which genes are expressed in Drosophila after pattern formation along the A/P axis has been successfully established?

Accepted Answer

A) totipotent genes 
B) bicoid genes 
C) segment polarity genes 
D) gap genes 
E) homeotic genes 
A) totipotent genes 
B) bicoid genes 
C) segment polarity genes 
D) gap genes 
E) homeotic genes E

Question 4

A zygote divides into smaller cells,each called a

Accepted Answer

A) blastomere. 
B) gastrula. 
C) neurula. 
D) cleavage cell. 
E) embryonic cell. 
A) blastomere. 
B) gastrula. 
C) neurula. 
D) cleavage cell. 
E) embryonic cell.

Question 5

In Drosophila,different segmental fates of each neuroblast (cells that give rise to neurons)is determined by

Accepted Answer

A) gap genes. 
B) pair-rule genes. 
C) segment polarity genes. 
D) homeotic genes. 
A) gap genes. 
B) pair-rule genes. 
C) segment polarity genes. 
D) homeotic genes.

Question 6

In C. elegans ced-9/ced-3 double mutants

Accepted Answer

A)  131 cells always die. 
B)  all 1090 cells die. 
C)  all 1090 cells live. 
D)  only 959 cells live. 
A)  131 cells always die. 
B)  all 1090 cells die. 
C)  all 1090 cells live. 
D)  only 959 cells live.

Question 7

In contrast to the cell cycle of adult somatic cells,the dividing cells of an early embryo lack which cell cycle stage(s)?

Accepted Answer

A) M 
B) S 
C) G1 and G2 
D) interphase 
A) M 
B) S 
C) G1 and G2 
D) interphase

Question 8

Adult stem cells are usually

Accepted Answer

A) differentiated. 
B) totipotent. 
C) pluripotent. 
D) multipotent. 
A) differentiated. 
B) totipotent. 
C) pluripotent. 
D) multipotent.

Question 9

In a 32-cell stage tunicate embryo,vegetal marginal cells that lack functional genes for both macho-1 and the FGF receptor would develop as what cell type?

Accepted Answer

A) mesenchyme 
B) muscle 
C) notochord 
D) nerve cord 
A) mesenchyme 
B) muscle 
C) notochord 
D) nerve cord

Question 10

Cell transplantation experiments can be used to do all of the following except

Accepted Answer

A) to study the normal fate of cells. 
B) to address the ability of cells to communicate with surrounding tissue. 
C) to determine cell lineage. 
D) to test the functional compatibility of cells between species. 
A) to study the normal fate of cells. 
B) to address the ability of cells to communicate with surrounding tissue. 
C) to determine cell lineage. 
D) to test the functional compatibility of cells between species.

Question 11

Which of the following proteins is associated with activating genes that code for the first mRNA transcribed in Drosophila embryos?

Accepted Answer

A) bax protein 
B) cadherin protein 
C) bicoid protein 
D) nanos protein 
E) morphogen protein 
A) bax protein 
B) cadherin protein 
C) bicoid protein 
D) nanos protein 
E) morphogen protein

Question 12

Which of the following statements regarding stem cells is false?

Accepted Answer

A) Totipotent stem cells can differentiate into any cell type in the body,except embryonic stem cells. 
B) Pluripotent stem cells are descendants of the totipotent stem cells of the embryo. 
C) A fertilized egg is a type of totipotent stem cell. 
D) Pluripotent stem cells can differentiate into any cell type,except for totipotent stem cells and the cells of the placenta. 
A) Totipotent stem cells can differentiate into any cell type in the body,except embryonic stem cells. 
B) Pluripotent stem cells are descendants of the totipotent stem cells of the embryo. 
C) A fertilized egg is a type of totipotent stem cell. 
D) Pluripotent stem cells can differentiate into any cell type,except for totipotent stem cells and the cells of the placenta.

Question 13

Members of the Bcl-2 family all have Bcl-2 homology (BH)domains,which are essential for protein function.If one were to generate a transgenic worm that expresses a Bcl-2 protein containing a mutation in the BH domain in a ced-9 mutant background,

Accepted Answer

A) 131 cells would die. 
B) all 1090 cells would die. 
C) all 1090 cells would live. 
D) 959 cells would live. 
A) 131 cells would die. 
B) all 1090 cells would die. 
C) all 1090 cells would live. 
D) 959 cells would live.

Question 14

A complete cell lineage map exists for

Accepted Answer

A)  C. elegans. 
B)  Drosophila. 
C)  mouse. 
D)  human. 
A)  C. elegans. 
B)  Drosophila. 
C)  mouse. 
D)  human.

Question 15

There are cases,particularly in fruit flies,in which a perfectly normal body part grows in an area where it should not grow.Extra pairs of wings and legs growing in the antennae location are some examples.Select the statement that best describes this phenomenon.

Accepted Answer

A) These mutations occur as a result of specialized development called determination in which the gene determining a specific factor will become totipotent. 
B) These mutations occur as a result of differentiation of these tissues at the incorrect time during development,which causes a mix-up in signals and protein production in those tissues. 
C) These mutations occur as a result of homeotic gene mutations. 
D) These mutations occur as a result of gap gene mutations. 
A) These mutations occur as a result of specialized development called determination in which the gene determining a specific factor will become totipotent. 
B) These mutations occur as a result of differentiation of these tissues at the incorrect time during development,which causes a mix-up in signals and protein production in those tissues. 
C) These mutations occur as a result of homeotic gene mutations. 
D) These mutations occur as a result of gap gene mutations.

Question 16

In Drosophila,the initial cells created by cleavage contain different developmental signals from the egg called cytoplasmic _______.

Accepted Answer

A) stem cells 
B) signals 
C) determinants 
D) junctions 
A) stem cells 
B) signals 
C) determinants 
D) junctions

Question 17

Scientists attempted for many years to conduct nuclear transplants but failed.However,geneticists at the Roslin Institute in Scotland had success in cloning a sheep.They were successful because they

Accepted Answer

A) picked a cell very early in development. 
B) replicated the blastomeres before insertion. 
C) delayed transcription in the blastomeres. 
D) treated the nucleus with sheep plasma before nuclear insertion. 
E) utilized a new micro pipette techniquE. 
A) picked a cell very early in development. 
B) replicated the blastomeres before insertion. 
C) delayed transcription in the blastomeres. 
D) treated the nucleus with sheep plasma before nuclear insertion. 
E) utilized a new micro pipette techniquE.

Question 18

In Drosophila development,which of the following choices is true?

Accepted Answer

A) Paternal genes determine the initial course of the development after fertilization. 
B) Zygotic genes determine the initial course of the development after fertilization. 
C) Maternal genes determine the initial course of the development after fertilization. 
D) Syncytial blastoderm genes determine the initial course of the development after fertilization. 
A) Paternal genes determine the initial course of the development after fertilization. 
B) Zygotic genes determine the initial course of the development after fertilization. 
C) Maternal genes determine the initial course of the development after fertilization. 
D) Syncytial blastoderm genes determine the initial course of the development after fertilization.

Question 19

________ are cell adhesion proteins that some cells use for movement during their development.

Accepted Answer

A) Cadherins 
B) Glycospheres 
C) Receptors 
D) Phospholipids 
A) Cadherins 
B) Glycospheres 
C) Receptors 
D) Phospholipids

Question 20

A muscle precursor cell would be considered to be

Accepted Answer

A) pluripotent. 
B) determined. 
C) differentiated. 
D) induceD. 
A) pluripotent. 
B) determined. 
C) differentiated. 
D) induceD.

Exam 19: Cellular Mechanisms of Development

A seed germinates as a result of

Plants do not utilize the process of cell migration in their development.Instead plants utilize

Which genes are expressed in Drosophila after pattern formation along the A/P axis has been successfully established?

A zygote divides into smaller cells,each called a

In Drosophila,different segmental fates of each neuroblast (cells that give rise to neurons)is determined by

In C. elegans ced-9/ced-3 double mutants

In contrast to the cell cycle of adult somatic cells,the dividing cells of an early embryo lack which cell cycle stage(s)?

Adult stem cells are usually

In a 32-cell stage tunicate embryo,vegetal marginal cells that lack functional genes for both macho-1 and the FGF receptor would develop as what cell type?

Cell transplantation experiments can be used to do all of the following except

Which of the following proteins is associated with activating genes that code for the first mRNA transcribed in Drosophila embryos?

Which of the following statements regarding stem cells is false?

Members of the Bcl-2 family all have Bcl-2 homology (BH)domains,which are essential for protein function.If one were to generate a transgenic worm that expresses a Bcl-2 protein containing a mutation in the BH domain in a ced-9 mutant background,

A complete cell lineage map exists for

There are cases,particularly in fruit flies,in which a perfectly normal body part grows in an area where it should not grow.Extra pairs of wings and legs growing in the antennae location are some examples.Select the statement that best describes this phenomenon.

In Drosophila,the initial cells created by cleavage contain different developmental signals from the egg called cytoplasmic _______.

Scientists attempted for many years to conduct nuclear transplants but failed.However,geneticists at the Roslin Institute in Scotland had success in cloning a sheep.They were successful because they

In Drosophila development,which of the following choices is true?

________ are cell adhesion proteins that some cells use for movement during their development.

A muscle precursor cell would be considered to be

The Science of Biology

The Nature of Molecules

The Chemical Building Blocks of Life

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