Question 1

Which of the following methods sterilize the materials?

Accepted Answer

A) Pasteurization 
B) High-temperature-short-time pasteurization (HTST) 
C) Ultrahigh-temperature (UHT)method 
D) None of these are sterilization methods. 
A) Pasteurization 
B) High-temperature-short-time pasteurization (HTST) 
C) Ultrahigh-temperature (UHT)method 
D) None of these are sterilization methods.

Question 2

Generally,heavy metals,except silver,have been proven to be too toxic for use on human tissue and are no longer used medically.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 3

Oxidation of proteins is achieved most readily

Accepted Answer

A) by moist heat. 
B) by moist heat under pressure. 
C) in a hot air oven. 
D) in the presence of organics. 
A) by moist heat. 
B) by moist heat under pressure. 
C) in a hot air oven. 
D) in the presence of organics.

Question 4

Which of the following is(are)considered when selecting a germicidal chemical?

Accepted Answer

A) Toxicity 
B) Cost 
C) Compatibility with the material being treated 
D) Environmental impact 
E) All of the choices are correct. 
A) Toxicity 
B) Cost 
C) Compatibility with the material being treated 
D) Environmental impact 
E) All of the choices are correct.

Question 5

Plain soap is very effective in controlling spread of microorganisms because it is

Accepted Answer

A) bacteriostatic. 
B) very effective at the mechanical removal of microorganisms. 
C) virucidal. 
D) bactericidal. 
A) bacteriostatic. 
B) very effective at the mechanical removal of microorganisms. 
C) virucidal. 
D) bactericidal.

Question 6

Moist heat kills microorganisms by

Accepted Answer

A) irreversible denaturation of proteins. 
B) destruction of carbohydrates in the cell wall. 
C) denaturation of nucleic acids. 
D) dissolving the capsule. 
A) irreversible denaturation of proteins. 
B) destruction of carbohydrates in the cell wall. 
C) denaturation of nucleic acids. 
D) dissolving the capsule.

Question 7

Hexachlorophene has been particularly effective against

Accepted Answer

A) Staphylococcus aureus. 
B) Micrococcus aureus. 
C) Escherichia coli. 
D) Enterobacter aerogenes. 
A) Staphylococcus aureus. 
B) Micrococcus aureus. 
C) Escherichia coli. 
D) Enterobacter aerogenes.

Question 8

If a process kills 90% of the organisms per minute,how many minutes would it take to kill all organisms when starting with 100,000 organisms?

Accepted Answer

A) 1 minute 
B) 2 minutes 
C) 3 minutes 
D) 6 minutes 
A) 1 minute 
B) 2 minutes 
C) 3 minutes 
D) 6 minutes

Question 9

The endospores of Pseudomonas make that organism very difficult to kill.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

Quaternary ammonium compounds are

Accepted Answer

A) cationic detergents that help wash surfaces. 
B) attracted to the negative charge on the microbial cell surface. 
C) used as a 37% aqueous solution. 
D) very effective against Pseudomonas. 
E) cationic detergents that help wash surfaces AND attracted to the negative charge on the microbial cell surface. 
A) cationic detergents that help wash surfaces. 
B) attracted to the negative charge on the microbial cell surface. 
C) used as a 37% aqueous solution. 
D) very effective against Pseudomonas. 
E) cationic detergents that help wash surfaces AND attracted to the negative charge on the microbial cell surface.

Question 11

Boiling is not reliable for sterilization because

Accepted Answer

A) heat-sensitive instruments may be destroyed. 
B) heat-resistant endospores are unaffected. 
C) water boils at a higher temperature at lower altitudes. 
D) viruses are more sensitive to heat than bacteria. 
A) heat-sensitive instruments may be destroyed. 
B) heat-resistant endospores are unaffected. 
C) water boils at a higher temperature at lower altitudes. 
D) viruses are more sensitive to heat than bacteria.

Question 12

Chemical germicides

Accepted Answer

A) may react irreversibly with proteins/enzymes. 
B) may react with cytoplasmic membranes or viral envelopes. 
C) may be disinfecting or even sterilizing. 
D) are sensitive to dilution factor,time of contact,and temperature of use. 
E) All of the choices are true. 
A) may react irreversibly with proteins/enzymes. 
B) may react with cytoplasmic membranes or viral envelopes. 
C) may be disinfecting or even sterilizing. 
D) are sensitive to dilution factor,time of contact,and temperature of use. 
E) All of the choices are true.

Question 13

In a one D process,how many D values would it take to reduce a population of 1010 cells to one survivor?

Accepted Answer

A) 2 
B) 4 
C) 5 
D) 10 
A) 2 
B) 4 
C) 5 
D) 10

Question 14

The process of killing or removing all of the microorganisms in or on a material is termed

Accepted Answer

A) sterilization. 
B) disinfection. 
C) sanitation. 
D) antisepsis. 
A) sterilization. 
B) disinfection. 
C) sanitation. 
D) antisepsis.

Question 15

A sterile item is free of

Accepted Answer

A) microbes. 
B) endospores. 
C) viruses. 
D) prions. 
E) microbes,endospores,AND viruses. 
A) microbes. 
B) endospores. 
C) viruses. 
D) prions. 
E) microbes,endospores,AND viruses.

Question 16

Phenolics

Accepted Answer

A) denature proteins and destroy cytoplasmic membranes. 
B) remain effective in the presence of detergents or organic material. 
C) such as triclosan,have been used widely in various lotions and soaps. 
D) reliably inactivate all groups of viruses. 
E) denature proteins and destroy cytoplasmic membranes,remain effective in the presence of detergents or organic material,AND phenolics such as triclosan,have been used widely in various lotions and soaps. 
A) denature proteins and destroy cytoplasmic membranes. 
B) remain effective in the presence of detergents or organic material. 
C) such as triclosan,have been used widely in various lotions and soaps. 
D) reliably inactivate all groups of viruses. 
E) denature proteins and destroy cytoplasmic membranes,remain effective in the presence of detergents or organic material,AND phenolics such as triclosan,have been used widely in various lotions and soaps.

Question 17

Gamma irradiation

Accepted Answer

A) has not been approved for use on food. 
B) can be used to either sterilize or pasteurize,depending on the dose of radiation. 
C) leaves some radioactive particles in the treated substance. 
D) usually kills by generating heat and denaturing proteins. 
A) has not been approved for use on food. 
B) can be used to either sterilize or pasteurize,depending on the dose of radiation. 
C) leaves some radioactive particles in the treated substance. 
D) usually kills by generating heat and denaturing proteins.

Question 18

Which would be most effective against Pseudomonas?

Accepted Answer

A) Alcohol 
B) Radiation 
C) Quaternary ammonium compounds 
D) Iodophors 
A) Alcohol 
B) Radiation 
C) Quaternary ammonium compounds 
D) Iodophors

Question 19

Which are essentially equivalent treatments?

Accepted Answer

A) Dry 200$\circ$C heat for 1.5 hours; wet 12$\circ$C heat for 15 minutes 
B) Dry 160$\circ$C heat for 1.0 hour; wet 200$\circ$C heat for 30 minutes 
C) Dry 12$\circ$C heat for 1.5 hours; wet 200$\circ$C heat for 15 minutes 
D) Dry 100$\circ$C heat for 2.0 hours; wet 100$\circ$C heat for 30 minutes 
A) Dry 200$\circ$C heat for 1.5 hours; wet 12$\circ$C heat for 15 minutes 
B) Dry 160$\circ$C heat for 1.0 hour; wet 200$\circ$C heat for 30 minutes 
C) Dry 12$\circ$C heat for 1.5 hours; wet 200$\circ$C heat for 15 minutes 
D) Dry 100$\circ$C heat for 2.0 hours; wet 100$\circ$C heat for 30 minutes

Question 20

Chlorine

Accepted Answer

A) readily reacts with organics to produce potentially carcinogenic trihalomethanes. 
B) is an effective,inexpensive,disinfectant able to destroy all types of microorganisms. 
C) is unaffected by the presence of organic material. 
D) is ineffective when diluted. 
E) readily reacts with organics to produce potentially carcinogenic trihalomethanes AND is an effective,inexpensive,disinfectant able to destroy all types of microorganisms. 
A) readily reacts with organics to produce potentially carcinogenic trihalomethanes. 
B) is an effective,inexpensive,disinfectant able to destroy all types of microorganisms. 
C) is unaffected by the presence of organic material. 
D) is ineffective when diluted. 
E) readily reacts with organics to produce potentially carcinogenic trihalomethanes AND is an effective,inexpensive,disinfectant able to destroy all types of microorganisms.

Exam 5: Control of Microbial Growth

Which of the following methods sterilize the materials?

Generally,heavy metals,except silver,have been proven to be too toxic for use on human tissue and are no longer used medically.

Oxidation of proteins is achieved most readily

Which of the following is(are)considered when selecting a germicidal chemical?

Plain soap is very effective in controlling spread of microorganisms because it is

Moist heat kills microorganisms by

Hexachlorophene has been particularly effective against

If a process kills 90% of the organisms per minute,how many minutes would it take to kill all organisms when starting with 100,000 organisms?

The endospores of Pseudomonas make that organism very difficult to kill.

Quaternary ammonium compounds are

Boiling is not reliable for sterilization because

Chemical germicides

In a one D process,how many D values would it take to reduce a population of 1010 cells to one survivor?

The process of killing or removing all of the microorganisms in or on a material is termed

A sterile item is free of

Phenolics

Gamma irradiation

Which would be most effective against Pseudomonas?

Which are essentially equivalent treatments?

Chlorine

Humans and the Microbial World

The Molecules of Life

Microscopy and Cell Structure

Dynamics of Prokaryotic Growth

Metabolism: Fueling Cell Growth

The Blueprint of Life, From DNA to Protein

Bacterial Genetics

Biotechnology and Recombinant DNA

Identification and Classification of Prokaryotic Organisms

The Diversity of Prokaryotic Organisms

The Eukaryotic Members of the Microbial World

Viruses, Viroids, and Prions

The Innate Immune Response

The Adaptive Immune Response

Host-Microbe Interactions

Immunologic Disorders

Applications of Immune Responses

Epidemiology

Antimicrobial Medications

Respiratory System Infections

Skin Infections

Wound Infections

Digestive System Infections

Genitourinary Tract Infections

Filters

In a one D process,how many D values would it take to reduce a population of 10¹⁰ cells to one survivor?