Question 1

Which of the following was the first state in Pakistan and western India?

Accepted Answer

A)  Shang 
B)  Zapotec 
C)  Uruk 
D)  Moche 
E)  Harappan 
A)  Shang 
B)  Zapotec 
C)  Uruk 
D)  Moche 
E)  Harappan

Question 2

Why do states collapse? How have the models archaeologists use to understand the process of collapse changed over time? Use the Maya decline as an example.

Accepted Answer

States can collapse for a variety of rea

Question 3

In this chapter we learn that the most complete explanation of primary state formation is

Accepted Answer

A)  a prime-mover explanation based on irrigation. 
B)  a multivariate approach such as Carneiro's theory of state formation. 
C)  a set of nine ecological and social factors determining the evolution of social stratification. 
D)  the development of a four-level hierarchy composed of peasant villages, sub-chiefdoms, chiefdoms, and capital cities. 
E)  a biocultural approach such as Kent Flannery's broad-spectrum theory of state formation. 
A)  a prime-mover explanation based on irrigation. 
B)  a multivariate approach such as Carneiro's theory of state formation. 
C)  a set of nine ecological and social factors determining the evolution of social stratification. 
D)  the development of a four-level hierarchy composed of peasant villages, sub-chiefdoms, chiefdoms, and capital cities. 
E)  a biocultural approach such as Kent Flannery's broad-spectrum theory of state formation.

Question 4

Jericho,the earliest known town,is located in central Turkey.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

States mark their environments by building long-lasting monumental architecture.Which of the following is NOT one of the "Seven Wonders of the Ancient World?"

Accepted Answer

A)  Great Pyramid of Giza 
B)  Hanging Gardens of Babylon 
C)  Temple of Artemis 
D)  Serpent Mound of Ohio 
E)  Lighthouse of Alexandria 
A)  Great Pyramid of Giza 
B)  Hanging Gardens of Babylon 
C)  Temple of Artemis 
D)  Serpent Mound of Ohio 
E)  Lighthouse of Alexandria

Question 6

Most researchers today believe that chiefdoms emerged in response to the growing administrative requirements for building,maintaining,and administering public hydraulic works.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

States are complex systems of sociopolitical organization that aim to control and administer everything from conflict resolution to population movements,with the overall aim of achieving egalitarianism among their members.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

An egalitarian society

Accepted Answer

A)  is a key attribute of states. 
B)  must exist for a democratic state to emerge. 
C)  lacks status distinctions except those based on age, gender, and individual qualities, talents, and achievements. 
D)  rarely experiences warfare and is therefore immune to the forces that inevitably lead to state formation. 
E)  lacks status distinctions among its members. 
A)  is a key attribute of states. 
B)  must exist for a democratic state to emerge. 
C)  lacks status distinctions except those based on age, gender, and individual qualities, talents, and achievements. 
D)  rarely experiences warfare and is therefore immune to the forces that inevitably lead to state formation. 
E)  lacks status distinctions among its members.

Question 9

Which of the following statements about the Olmec is NOT true?

Accepted Answer

A)  They lived along the Gulf Coast of what is now Mexico. 
B)  They were the first Mesoamerican empire. 
C)  They lived between 3,200 and 2,500 years ago. 
D)  They carved massive stone heads. 
E)  They built earthen mounds grouped around a plaza. 
A)  They lived along the Gulf Coast of what is now Mexico. 
B)  They were the first Mesoamerican empire. 
C)  They lived between 3,200 and 2,500 years ago. 
D)  They carved massive stone heads. 
E)  They built earthen mounds grouped around a plaza.

Question 10

What is the name of the cultural period during which the first chiefdoms emerged in southern Mesopotamia?

Accepted Answer

A)  Natufian 
B)  Neolithic 
C)  Halafian 
D)  Ubaid 
E)  Uruk 
A)  Natufian 
B)  Neolithic 
C)  Halafian 
D)  Ubaid 
E)  Uruk

Question 11

Robert Carneiro (1970)put forth an influential theory that incorporates three factors working together instead of a single cause for state formation.These three factors are

Accepted Answer

A)  warfare, environmental circumscription, and the advent of an early writing system. 
B)  regional trade networks, food scarcity, and warfare. 
C)  a strong central leadership, a uniting vision as a people, and food shortages. 
D)  intensive food production, population pressures, and large hydraulic works. 
E)  environmental circumscription or resource concentration, increasing population, and warfare. 
A)  warfare, environmental circumscription, and the advent of an early writing system. 
B)  regional trade networks, food scarcity, and warfare. 
C)  a strong central leadership, a uniting vision as a people, and food shortages. 
D)  intensive food production, population pressures, and large hydraulic works. 
E)  environmental circumscription or resource concentration, increasing population, and warfare.

Question 12

According to Flannery (1999),only ranked societies that have undergone a loss of village autonomy

Accepted Answer

A)  can effectively organize into productive states with law-abiding citizens. 
B)  experience intervillage warfare. 
C)  suffer the consequences of extreme social stratification. 
D)  should be called chiefdoms. 
E)  inevitably lead to state formation. 
A)  can effectively organize into productive states with law-abiding citizens. 
B)  experience intervillage warfare. 
C)  suffer the consequences of extreme social stratification. 
D)  should be called chiefdoms. 
E)  inevitably lead to state formation.

Question 13

What do proponents of the hydraulic theory for the origin of the state argue?

Accepted Answer

A)  Irrigation began in China and spread along ancient trade routes. 
B)  States were the by-products of the organizational requirements of large irrigation systems. 
C)  Irrigation systems favored democracy. 
D)  In Europe, irrigation provided the advantage that allowed anatomically modern humans to displace Neandertals. 
E)  Mesolithic states developed so that they could build irrigation systems. 
A)  Irrigation began in China and spread along ancient trade routes. 
B)  States were the by-products of the organizational requirements of large irrigation systems. 
C)  Irrigation systems favored democracy. 
D)  In Europe, irrigation provided the advantage that allowed anatomically modern humans to displace Neandertals. 
E)  Mesolithic states developed so that they could build irrigation systems.

Question 14

Warfare and attracting followers are two key elements in state formation.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

When did pottery become widespread in the Middle East?

Accepted Answer

A) 50,000 B.P. 
B) 30,000 B.P. 
C) 15,000 B.P. 
D) 7000 B.P. 
E) 2000 B.P. 
A) 50,000 B.P. 
B) 30,000 B.P. 
C) 15,000 B.P. 
D) 7000 B.P. 
E) 2000 B.P.

Question 16

Which of the following does NOT describe a characteristic of states?

Accepted Answer

A)  They control specific regional territories. 
B)  They have productive farming economies. 
C)  They have record-keeping systems. 
D)  They are stratified into social classes. 
E)  They lack hereditary inequality. 
A)  They control specific regional territories. 
B)  They have productive farming economies. 
C)  They have record-keeping systems. 
D)  They are stratified into social classes. 
E)  They lack hereditary inequality.

Question 17

Summarize Carneiro's multivariate approach to state formation.What are the three important variables that are involved? Describe how these factors work together in the process of state formation.

Accepted Answer

Carneiro's multivariate approach to stat

Question 18

What kinds of societies are divided into social classes?

Accepted Answer

A)  egalitarian societies 
B)  ranked societies 
C)  chiefdoms 
D)  communes 
E)  states 
A)  egalitarian societies 
B)  ranked societies 
C)  chiefdoms 
D)  communes 
E)  states

Question 19

Environmental degradation often contributes to the collapse of states.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

Like Mesopotamia and China,many early civilizations came to rely on metallurgy.Aside from metallurgy,a peculiar skill that set the early civilizations of Peru's Andes apart was

Accepted Answer

A)  their pottery manufacture techniques. 
B)  the ability to achieve similar metallurgical results without ever discovering smelting, the high-temperature process by which pure metal is produced from ore. 
C)  writing, which originated in this part of the world and not in Sumer as was previously believed. 
D)  trigonometry and advanced astronomy. 
E)  corpse embalming. 
A)  their pottery manufacture techniques. 
B)  the ability to achieve similar metallurgical results without ever discovering smelting, the high-temperature process by which pure metal is produced from ore. 
C)  writing, which originated in this part of the world and not in Sumer as was previously believed. 
D)  trigonometry and advanced astronomy. 
E)  corpse embalming.

Exam 12: The First Cities and States

Which of the following was the first state in Pakistan and western India?

Why do states collapse? How have the models archaeologists use to understand the process of collapse changed over time? Use the Maya decline as an example.

In this chapter we learn that the most complete explanation of primary state formation is

Jericho,the earliest known town,is located in central Turkey.

States mark their environments by building long-lasting monumental architecture.Which of the following is NOT one of the "Seven Wonders of the Ancient World?"

Most researchers today believe that chiefdoms emerged in response to the growing administrative requirements for building,maintaining,and administering public hydraulic works.

States are complex systems of sociopolitical organization that aim to control and administer everything from conflict resolution to population movements,with the overall aim of achieving egalitarianism among their members.

An egalitarian society

Which of the following statements about the Olmec is NOT true?

What is the name of the cultural period during which the first chiefdoms emerged in southern Mesopotamia?

Robert Carneiro (1970)put forth an influential theory that incorporates three factors working together instead of a single cause for state formation.These three factors are

According to Flannery (1999),only ranked societies that have undergone a loss of village autonomy

What do proponents of the hydraulic theory for the origin of the state argue?

Warfare and attracting followers are two key elements in state formation.

When did pottery become widespread in the Middle East?

Which of the following does NOT describe a characteristic of states?

Summarize Carneiro's multivariate approach to state formation.What are the three important variables that are involved? Describe how these factors work together in the process of state formation.

What kinds of societies are divided into social classes?

Environmental degradation often contributes to the collapse of states.

Like Mesopotamia and China,many early civilizations came to rely on metallurgy.Aside from metallurgy,a peculiar skill that set the early civilizations of Peru's Andes apart was

What Is Anthropology

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