Question 1

Which of the following was NOT domesticated in China?

Accepted Answer

A)  cassava 
B)  millet 
C)  chickens 
D)  the water buffalo 
E)  rice 
A)  cassava 
B)  millet 
C)  chickens 
D)  the water buffalo 
E)  rice

Question 2

What archaeological evidence can be used to support interpretations of either a food-producing revolution or a gradual transition from foraging to strategies that relied more heavily on domesticated plants and animals?

Accepted Answer

Archaeological evidence that can be used

Question 3

What is the name given to the cultural period in which the first signs of domestication were present?

Accepted Answer

A)  Upper Paleolithic 
B)  Mesolithic 
C)  Microlithic 
D)  Chalcolithic 
E)  Neolithic 
A)  Upper Paleolithic 
B)  Mesolithic 
C)  Microlithic 
D)  Chalcolithic 
E)  Neolithic

Question 4

Around 8000 B.P., communities on Europe's Mediterranean shores started to export species to the Middle East.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

A vertical economy exploits environmental zones that are close together in space but are separated by altitude,rainfall,overall climate,and vegetation.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

In the Middle East,early cultivation began as an attempt to copy,in a less favorable environment,the dense stands of wheat and barley that grew wild in the hilly flanks.All of the following either motivated or facilitated this attempt EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

A)  population growth. 
B)  climatic changes that reduced the available amount of wild wheat and barley. 
C)  the existence of a vertical economy. 
D)  human inventiveness and experimentation that occurred in the optimal zones, such as the hilly flanks. 
E)  living in marginal areas most affected by climatic changes. 
A)  population growth. 
B)  climatic changes that reduced the available amount of wild wheat and barley. 
C)  the existence of a vertical economy. 
D)  human inventiveness and experimentation that occurred in the optimal zones, such as the hilly flanks. 
E)  living in marginal areas most affected by climatic changes.

Question 7

Most researchers today argue that the domestication of plants in the Middle East took place in the hilly flanks regions where wild plant ancestors naturally grew.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

Early cultivation began as an attempt to copy,in a less favorable environment,the dense stands of wheat and barley that grew wild in the hilly flanks.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

Which of the following conditions did NOT contribute to the development of food production in the Middle East?

Accepted Answer

A)  the shift to a broad-spectrum subsistence pattern at the end of the Upper Paleolithic 
B)  the availability of annual grasses with edible grains 
C)  the diffusion of domesticated animal species from southern Europe 
D)  population increase, leading people to try planting grasses in new ecological niches 
E)  favorable changes in cultivated grains through artificial selection 
A)  the shift to a broad-spectrum subsistence pattern at the end of the Upper Paleolithic 
B)  the availability of annual grasses with edible grains 
C)  the diffusion of domesticated animal species from southern Europe 
D)  population increase, leading people to try planting grasses in new ecological niches 
E)  favorable changes in cultivated grains through artificial selection

Question 10

The independent domestication of the dog

Accepted Answer

A)  illustrates the strong human-animal bond that was an important adaptation during the time of early hominin evolution. 
B)  occurred only after a key mutation that turned dogs into more docile creatures. 
C)  ensured, worldwide, that all early states had strong enough animals to help plow fields. 
D)  was a worldwide phenomenon. 
E)  occurred only in the Eastern Hemisphere. 
A)  illustrates the strong human-animal bond that was an important adaptation during the time of early hominin evolution. 
B)  occurred only after a key mutation that turned dogs into more docile creatures. 
C)  ensured, worldwide, that all early states had strong enough animals to help plow fields. 
D)  was a worldwide phenomenon. 
E)  occurred only in the Eastern Hemisphere.

Question 11

What is sedentism?

Accepted Answer

A)  life in permanent villages 
B)  living off domestic species 
C)  transhumance 
D)  a capitalist-based exchange 
E)  living off wild species 
A)  life in permanent villages 
B)  living off domestic species 
C)  transhumance 
D)  a capitalist-based exchange 
E)  living off wild species

Question 12

Which of the following is NOT true regarding Europe by 10,000 B.P.?

Accepted Answer

A) The range of hunting,gathering,and fishing populations extended to the formerly glaciated British Isles and Scandinavia. 
B) The continent was forest rather than treeless steppe and tundra as it had been during the Upper Paleolithic. 
C) As a consequence of the increase in forest species,people increasingly practiced new hunting techniques,mainly solitary stalking and trapping,similar to more recent practices of many Native American groups. 
D) The process of preserving meat and fish by smoking and salting grew increasingly important. 
E) The continent's coasts and lakes were fished intensively with new technologies such as the characteristic Mesolithic stone blades and cores used as fishhooks and in harpoons. 
A) The range of hunting,gathering,and fishing populations extended to the formerly glaciated British Isles and Scandinavia. 
B) The continent was forest rather than treeless steppe and tundra as it had been during the Upper Paleolithic. 
C) As a consequence of the increase in forest species,people increasingly practiced new hunting techniques,mainly solitary stalking and trapping,similar to more recent practices of many Native American groups. 
D) The process of preserving meat and fish by smoking and salting grew increasingly important. 
E) The continent's coasts and lakes were fished intensively with new technologies such as the characteristic Mesolithic stone blades and cores used as fishhooks and in harpoons.

Question 13

Which of the following is NOT one of the areas where food production was independently invented?

Accepted Answer

A)  the eastern United States 
B)  the Indus Valley 
C)  the Middle East 
D)  Mesoamerica 
E)  southern China 
A)  the eastern United States 
B)  the Indus Valley 
C)  the Middle East 
D)  Mesoamerica 
E)  southern China

Question 14

Contrary to the old assumption that New World farming originated in the upland areas,recent research suggests that

Accepted Answer

A)  farming first originated in the tropical lowlands at about the same time food production arose in the Middle East-around 10,000 years ago-and that these new techniques developed in the tropics and then diffused into drier regions at higher elevations. 
B)  the upland communities borrowed farming techniques from their lowland neighbors. 
C)  farming originated in the coastal lowlands of Argentina and then diffused upward. 
D)  all food staples except maize were domesticated in the tropical lowlands. 
E)  all food staples except teosinte were domesticated in the South American jungle. 
A)  farming first originated in the tropical lowlands at about the same time food production arose in the Middle East-around 10,000 years ago-and that these new techniques developed in the tropics and then diffused into drier regions at higher elevations. 
B)  the upland communities borrowed farming techniques from their lowland neighbors. 
C)  farming originated in the coastal lowlands of Argentina and then diffused upward. 
D)  all food staples except maize were domesticated in the tropical lowlands. 
E)  all food staples except teosinte were domesticated in the South American jungle.

Question 15

There were at least three independent centers of domestication in the New World.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

Rice was domesticated in southern China.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

Agricultural intensification enabled people to farm for only part of the year,then leave the cities to live away from the problems endemic to urban populations for the rest of the year.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

To what did Kent Flannery (1969)refer with the term broad-spectrum revolution?

Accepted Answer

A) the period in which Asia became the only place in the world with communities leading a sedentary life and engaging in food and animal domestication 
B) the period in which the first large states began to grow,although there was nothing actually "revolutionary" about it because this process occurred very gradually 
C) the period in which a wider range of tools was being fabricated,for both utilitarian and ritualistic purposes 
D) the period beginning around 15,000 B.P.in the Middle East and 12,000 B.P.in Europe,during which a wider range of plant and animal life was hunted,gathered,collected,caught,and fished 
E) the period between 20,000 B.P.and 10,000 B.P.when anatomically modern humans colonized the entire world,made possible by a smarter utilization of a wider range of environments 
A) the period in which Asia became the only place in the world with communities leading a sedentary life and engaging in food and animal domestication 
B) the period in which the first large states began to grow,although there was nothing actually "revolutionary" about it because this process occurred very gradually 
C) the period in which a wider range of tools was being fabricated,for both utilitarian and ritualistic purposes 
D) the period beginning around 15,000 B.P.in the Middle East and 12,000 B.P.in Europe,during which a wider range of plant and animal life was hunted,gathered,collected,caught,and fished 
E) the period between 20,000 B.P.and 10,000 B.P.when anatomically modern humans colonized the entire world,made possible by a smarter utilization of a wider range of environments

Question 19

What is a vertical economy?

Accepted Answer

A)  a system of top-down exchange across regions 
B)  a system that exploits environmental zones that contrast with one another in altitude, rainfall, overall climate, and vegetation 
C)  one of the types of segmentary lineage organization that is found in regions of East Africa 
D)  a means of integrating a society based on hereditary inequality and coercion 
E)  a form of indirect-biased transmission 
A)  a system of top-down exchange across regions 
B)  a system that exploits environmental zones that contrast with one another in altitude, rainfall, overall climate, and vegetation 
C)  one of the types of segmentary lineage organization that is found in regions of East Africa 
D)  a means of integrating a society based on hereditary inequality and coercion 
E)  a form of indirect-biased transmission

Question 20

Recent research using microscopic evidence suggests that farming in the tropical lowlands of Central and South America began at around the same time that food production arose in the Middle East.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Exam 11: The First Farmers

Which of the following was NOT domesticated in China?

What archaeological evidence can be used to support interpretations of either a food-producing revolution or a gradual transition from foraging to strategies that relied more heavily on domesticated plants and animals?

What is the name given to the cultural period in which the first signs of domestication were present?

Around 8000 B.P., communities on Europe's Mediterranean shores started to export species to the Middle East.

A vertical economy exploits environmental zones that are close together in space but are separated by altitude,rainfall,overall climate,and vegetation.

In the Middle East,early cultivation began as an attempt to copy,in a less favorable environment,the dense stands of wheat and barley that grew wild in the hilly flanks.All of the following either motivated or facilitated this attempt EXCEPT

Most researchers today argue that the domestication of plants in the Middle East took place in the hilly flanks regions where wild plant ancestors naturally grew.

Early cultivation began as an attempt to copy,in a less favorable environment,the dense stands of wheat and barley that grew wild in the hilly flanks.

Which of the following conditions did NOT contribute to the development of food production in the Middle East?

The independent domestication of the dog

What is sedentism?

Which of the following is NOT true regarding Europe by 10,000 B.P.?

Which of the following is NOT one of the areas where food production was independently invented?

Contrary to the old assumption that New World farming originated in the upland areas,recent research suggests that

There were at least three independent centers of domestication in the New World.

Rice was domesticated in southern China.

Agricultural intensification enabled people to farm for only part of the year,then leave the cities to live away from the problems endemic to urban populations for the rest of the year.

To what did Kent Flannery (1969)refer with the term broad-spectrum revolution?

What is a vertical economy?

Recent research using microscopic evidence suggests that farming in the tropical lowlands of Central and South America began at around the same time that food production arose in the Middle East.

What Is Anthropology

Culture

Applying Anthropology

Doing Archaeology and Biological Anthropology

Evolution and Genetics

Human Variation and Adaptation

The Primates

Early Hominins

Archaic Homo

The Origin and Spread of Modern Humans

The First Cities and States

Method and Theory in Cultural Anthropology

Language and Communication

Ethnicity and Race

Making a Living

Political Systems

Gender

Families, Kinship, and Descent

Marriage

Religion

Arts, Media, and Sports

The World System and Colonialism

Anthropologys Role in a Globalizing World

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