Question 1

The time,usually on a larger or geological time scale,that a species exists before it becomes another species or goes extinct is its

Accepted Answer

A)  adaptive zone. 
B)  reproductive cohesion. 
C)  geographic range. 
D)  evolutionary duration. 
A)  adaptive zone. 
B)  reproductive cohesion. 
C)  geographic range. 
D)  evolutionary duration.

Question 2

"A characteristic reaction and mutual relationship between environment and organism,a way of life and not a place where life is led" is the classical description of a/an ___________ _________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of "A characteristic reaction and mutual relationship between...

Question 3

Characters used to distinguish one group from another must be

Accepted Answer

A)  morphological or structural features. 
B)  chromosomal or genetic. 
C)  molecular and cellular structures. 
D)  Any or all of the above 
A)  morphological or structural features. 
B)  chromosomal or genetic. 
C)  molecular and cellular structures. 
D)  Any or all of the above

Question 4

What biochemical trait varies but is present throughout all of life,allowing the construction of an estimate of phylogeny?

Accepted Answer

A)  DNA in the nucleus 
B)  DNA in mitochondria 
C)  RNA in the nucleus 
D)  Ribosomal RNA 
A)  DNA in the nucleus 
B)  DNA in mitochondria 
C)  RNA in the nucleus 
D)  Ribosomal RNA

Question 5

Which of the following terms is NOT correctly associated?

Accepted Answer

A)  synapomorphy-a derived character shared by members of a clade 
B)  monophyly-one group formed from animals with two separate ancestors 
C)  adaptive zone-a way of life 
D)  cladogram-a nested hierarchy of clades represented as a branching diagram 
A)  synapomorphy-a derived character shared by members of a clade 
B)  monophyly-one group formed from animals with two separate ancestors 
C)  adaptive zone-a way of life 
D)  cladogram-a nested hierarchy of clades represented as a branching diagram

Question 6

A taxon is polyphyletic if it

Accepted Answer

A)  includes the most recent common ancestor of all members of the group and all of its descendants. 
B)  includes the most recent common ancestor of all members of the group and some, but not all, of its descendants. 
C)  does not include the most recent common ancestor of all members of the group. 
D)  includes the most recent common ancestor of all members of the group. 
A)  includes the most recent common ancestor of all members of the group and all of its descendants. 
B)  includes the most recent common ancestor of all members of the group and some, but not all, of its descendants. 
C)  does not include the most recent common ancestor of all members of the group. 
D)  includes the most recent common ancestor of all members of the group.

Question 7

Is it possible that systematists are arguing over definitions that cannot possibly reconcile the state of biological reality? Is it possible that there cannot be a single definition of a species simply because there are so many variables that must go into an encompassing definition? Wouldn't it be better to admit to the reality and adjust the reasoning to fit the reality rather than search for the "perfect" definition?

Accepted Answer

It is possible that systematists are arg

Question 8

Two different monophyletic taxa are termed _____ if they share common ancestry with each other more recently than either one does with another taxa.

Accepted Answer

A)  outgroups 
B)  sister groups 
C)  sibling species 
D)  paraphyletic 
A)  outgroups 
B)  sister groups 
C)  sibling species 
D)  paraphyletic

Question 9

The ability to use biochemical data to form phylogenetic trees is based on the assumption that

Accepted Answer

A)  all life uses the same sequences of DNA. 
B)  there are no mutations in DNA. 
C)  amino acids are unrelated to evolution. 
D)  protein and DNA sequences undergo similar rates of divergence through time. 
A)  all life uses the same sequences of DNA. 
B)  there are no mutations in DNA. 
C)  amino acids are unrelated to evolution. 
D)  protein and DNA sequences undergo similar rates of divergence through time.

Question 10

Which of the following is NOT true of a cladogram?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is a branching diagram. 
B)  It depicts the nested hierarchy of clades within clades. 
C)  Its structure denotes only real lineages that occurred in the evolutionary past. 
D)  A cladogram may be congruent with that of a corresponding phylogenetic tree. 
A)  It is a branching diagram. 
B)  It depicts the nested hierarchy of clades within clades. 
C)  Its structure denotes only real lineages that occurred in the evolutionary past. 
D)  A cladogram may be congruent with that of a corresponding phylogenetic tree.

Question 11

An entomologist discovered that two morphologically identical crickets sang completely different mating songs and this resulted in the two populations never mating.Thus they were

Accepted Answer

A)  sister groups. 
B)  sibling species. 
C)  paraphyletic. 
D)  polyphyletic. 
A)  sister groups. 
B)  sibling species. 
C)  paraphyletic. 
D)  polyphyletic.

Question 12

To a cladist,the statement that birds (a monophyletic group)evolved from reptiles (a paraphyletic group)constitutes which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  a meaningful statement of the evolutionary advancement of the birds over the reptiles 
B)  a meaningful statement that birds represent a different, but not necessarily more advanced adaptive zone than reptiles 
C)  a trivial statement that birds evolved from something that they are not 
D)  an incorrect statement because ancestral groups must be extinct but reptiles are still alive 
A)  a meaningful statement of the evolutionary advancement of the birds over the reptiles 
B)  a meaningful statement that birds represent a different, but not necessarily more advanced adaptive zone than reptiles 
C)  a trivial statement that birds evolved from something that they are not 
D)  an incorrect statement because ancestral groups must be extinct but reptiles are still alive

Question 13

The table represents a

Accepted Answer

A)  classification of the frog Rana sphenocephala. 
B)  phylogenetic tree of Rana sphenocephala. 
C)  cladogram of Rana sphenocephala. 
D)  hierarchical list of the taxonomic ranks and taxa to which Rana sphenocephala belongs. 
E)  listing of the scientific names of Rana sphenocephala. 
A)  classification of the frog Rana sphenocephala. 
B)  phylogenetic tree of Rana sphenocephala. 
C)  cladogram of Rana sphenocephala. 
D)  hierarchical list of the taxonomic ranks and taxa to which Rana sphenocephala belongs. 
E)  listing of the scientific names of Rana sphenocephala.

Question 14

Who developed the present system of classification?

Accepted Answer

A)  Aristotle 
B)  John Ray 
C)  Carolus Linnaeus 
D)  Charles Darwin 
A)  Aristotle 
B)  John Ray 
C)  Carolus Linnaeus 
D)  Charles Darwin

Question 15

If biology moved to a three domain system and attempted to incorporate the five-kingdom system,which kingdom in the current five-kingdom system would have to be split to become monophyletic,and why?

Accepted Answer

In the current five-kingdom system, the

Question 16

One way of establishing whether a character of an extant species is ancestral or derived is to locate a/an ______ and if the character occurs in both,it is likely ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  fossil, ancestral 
B)  fossil, derived 
C)  sister species, derived 
D)  outgroup, ancestral 
A)  fossil, ancestral 
B)  fossil, derived 
C)  sister species, derived 
D)  outgroup, ancestral

Question 17

Museum type specimens are kept as "name bearers" for comparison when potentially new species are discovered.However,the original use of type specimens reflected a sense of the "ideal" or "perfect" specimen as seen in the ______ species concept.

Accepted Answer

A)  typological 
B)  biological 
C)  evolutionary 
D)  phylogenetic 
A)  typological 
B)  biological 
C)  evolutionary 
D)  phylogenetic

Question 18

Zoologists used to refer to animals as "simple'' and "advanced.'' Now it is more scientifically accurate to use

Accepted Answer

A)  "simple'' and "complex,'' since it is the complexity that evolved. 
B)  "allopatric" and "sympatric,'' since the reproductive isolation of the species is most important. 
C)  "evolved'' and "un-evolved,'' since everything ties together with evolution. 
D)  "ancestral'' and "derived,'' since some early forms became very complex and some highly evolved forms are derived from them but lost complex characters and secondarily became more "simple". 
A)  "simple'' and "complex,'' since it is the complexity that evolved. 
B)  "allopatric" and "sympatric,'' since the reproductive isolation of the species is most important. 
C)  "evolved'' and "un-evolved,'' since everything ties together with evolution. 
D)  "ancestral'' and "derived,'' since some early forms became very complex and some highly evolved forms are derived from them but lost complex characters and secondarily became more "simple".

Question 19

Which of the following correctly lists the classic Linnaean ranks for animals,from largest and most inclusive to smallest and least inclusive?

Accepted Answer

A)  Domain-kingdom-phylum-order-class-family-genus-species 
B)  Domain-kingdom-phylum-order-family-class-genus-species 
C)  Domain-kingdom-phylum-class-order-family-genus-species 
D)  Domain-kingdom-division-order-class-family-genus-species 
A)  Domain-kingdom-phylum-order-class-family-genus-species 
B)  Domain-kingdom-phylum-order-family-class-genus-species 
C)  Domain-kingdom-phylum-class-order-family-genus-species 
D)  Domain-kingdom-division-order-class-family-genus-species

Question 20

The biological species concept by Theodosius Dobzhansky and Ernst Mayr defines a species in the textbook as a group of interbreeding natural populations reproductively isolated from other such groups and occupying a specific niche.Such a definition cannot be used for

Accepted Answer

A)  fossils. 
B)  asexual organisms. 
C)  determining species based on dead or preserved specimens. 
D)  organisms that cannot be raised in captivity, easily bred, or with very long generation times. 
E)  All of the choices pose problems for the biological species concept. 
A)  fossils. 
B)  asexual organisms. 
C)  determining species based on dead or preserved specimens. 
D)  organisms that cannot be raised in captivity, easily bred, or with very long generation times. 
E)  All of the choices pose problems for the biological species concept.

Exam 10: Taxonomy and Phylogeny of Animals

The time,usually on a larger or geological time scale,that a species exists before it becomes another species or goes extinct is its

"A characteristic reaction and mutual relationship between environment and organism,a way of life and not a place where life is led" is the classical description of a/an ___________ _________.

Characters used to distinguish one group from another must be

What biochemical trait varies but is present throughout all of life,allowing the construction of an estimate of phylogeny?

Which of the following terms is NOT correctly associated?

A taxon is polyphyletic if it

Two different monophyletic taxa are termed _____ if they share common ancestry with each other more recently than either one does with another taxa.

The ability to use biochemical data to form phylogenetic trees is based on the assumption that

Which of the following is NOT true of a cladogram?

An entomologist discovered that two morphologically identical crickets sang completely different mating songs and this resulted in the two populations never mating.Thus they were

To a cladist,the statement that birds (a monophyletic group)evolved from reptiles (a paraphyletic group)constitutes which of the following?

The table represents a

Who developed the present system of classification?

If biology moved to a three domain system and attempted to incorporate the five-kingdom system,which kingdom in the current five-kingdom system would have to be split to become monophyletic,and why?

One way of establishing whether a character of an extant species is ancestral or derived is to locate a/an ______ and if the character occurs in both,it is likely ________.

Museum type specimens are kept as "name bearers" for comparison when potentially new species are discovered.However,the original use of type specimens reflected a sense of the "ideal" or "perfect" specimen as seen in the ______ species concept.

Zoologists used to refer to animals as "simple'' and "advanced.'' Now it is more scientifically accurate to use

Which of the following correctly lists the classic Linnaean ranks for animals,from largest and most inclusive to smallest and least inclusive?

The biological species concept by Theodosius Dobzhansky and Ernst Mayr defines a species in the textbook as a group of interbreeding natural populations reproductively isolated from other such groups and occupying a specific niche.Such a definition cannot be used for

Life: Biological Principles and the Science of Zoology

The Origin and Chemistry of Life

Cells As Units of Life

Cellular Metabolism

Genetics: a Review

Organic Evolution

The Reproductive Process

Principles of Development

Architectural Pattern of an Animal

Unicellular Eukaryotes

Sponges and Placozoans

Radiate Animals

Acoelomorpha,Platyzoa,and Mesozoa

Polyzoa and Kryptrochozoa

Molluscs

Annelids and Allied Taxa

Smaller Ecdysozoans

Trilobites, Chelicerates, and Myriapods

Crustaceans

Support, Protection, and Movement

Chaetognaths, Echinoderms, and Hemichordates

Chordates

Fishes

Early Tetrapods and Modern Amphibians

Amniote Origins and Nonavian Reptiles

Birds

Mammals

Support, protection, and Movement

Homeostasis: Osmotic Regulation, Excretion, and Temperature Regulation

Homeostasis: Internal Fluids and Respiration

Digestion and Nutrition

Nervous Coordination: Nervous System and Sense Organs

Chemical Coordination: Endocrine System

Immunity

Animal Behavior

Animal Distributions

Animal Ecology

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"A characteristic reaction and mutual relationship between environment and organism,a way of life and not a place where life is led" is the classical description of a/an ___ _.

One way of establishing whether a character of an extant species is ancestral or derived is to locate a/an and if the character occurs in both,it is likely __.