Question 1

In mammals,the organ of exchange between the mother and fetus is the

Accepted Answer

A)  amnion. 
B)  placenta. 
C)  chorion. 
D)  yolk sac. 
A)  amnion. 
B)  placenta. 
C)  chorion. 
D)  yolk sac.

Question 2

In an amniotic egg,the amnion

Accepted Answer

A)  serves as a repository for wastes produced by the developing embryo. 
B)  serves as a respiratory surface for the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide. 
C)  is a fluid-filled sac that protects the embryo from shocks and adhesions. 
D)  develops into the chorio-allantoic membrane. 
A)  serves as a repository for wastes produced by the developing embryo. 
B)  serves as a respiratory surface for the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide. 
C)  is a fluid-filled sac that protects the embryo from shocks and adhesions. 
D)  develops into the chorio-allantoic membrane.

Question 3

Contrast mosaic development with regulative development and indicate what animals would use each pattern of differentiation.Is one form of development "better" than another? Why or why not?

Accepted Answer

Mosaic development and regulative develo

Question 4

The difference between primary and secondary induction is a difference between

Accepted Answer

A)  "hard-wired" commands and chance development. 
B)  effects of the dorsal lip organizer and effects of the subsequent cell's induction. 
C)  nuclear and cytoplasmic determinants. 
D)  homeotic pattern formation and regular structural gene effects. 
A)  "hard-wired" commands and chance development. 
B)  effects of the dorsal lip organizer and effects of the subsequent cell's induction. 
C)  nuclear and cytoplasmic determinants. 
D)  homeotic pattern formation and regular structural gene effects.

Question 5

In land vertebrates,the function of the chorion is to

Accepted Answer

A)  become umbilical cord. 
B)  enclose the entire embryonic system and then fuse to form the chorioallantoic membrane. 
C)  grow from the embryonic hindgut to become a repository for the wastes of metabolism. 
D)  surround the embryo and provide a marine environment for development. 
A)  become umbilical cord. 
B)  enclose the entire embryonic system and then fuse to form the chorioallantoic membrane. 
C)  grow from the embryonic hindgut to become a repository for the wastes of metabolism. 
D)  surround the embryo and provide a marine environment for development.

Question 6

A characteristic of development of Deuterostomia is

Accepted Answer

A)  spiral cleavage. 
B)  mosaic development. 
C)  the mesoderm developing from a special blastomere called the 4d cell. 
D)  radial cleavage. 
A)  spiral cleavage. 
B)  mosaic development. 
C)  the mesoderm developing from a special blastomere called the 4d cell. 
D)  radial cleavage.

Question 7

Discuss or outline the derivatives of endoderm,mesoderm,and ectoderm.

Accepted Answer

The derivatives of the three primary ger

Question 8

Throughout the descriptions of the various major animal taxa,the type of cleavage and the origin of the coelom are of foremost importance.Why are such esoteric developmental features central to classification compared to other prominent anatomical and physiological features that are only mentioned for a few major taxa?

Accepted Answer

The type of cleavage and the origin of t

Question 9

The concept that an egg or sperm cell contained a very small but fully developed individual was called

Accepted Answer

A)  induction. 
B)  pronuclei. 
C)  preformation. 
D)  holoblastism. 
A)  induction. 
B)  pronuclei. 
C)  preformation. 
D)  holoblastism.

Question 10

Animals having radial cleavage (echinoderms)also show a type of development,called __________ _________,in which separated blastomeres can develop into complete and normal organisms.

Accepted Answer

regulative

Question 11

The point of fertilization occurs when

Accepted Answer

A)  sperm are deposited in the vagina. 
B)  sperm reach the outer jelly coating of the egg. 
C)  she sperm sheds the tail. 
D)  the sperm nucleus and egg nucleus unite to form a zygote. 
A)  sperm are deposited in the vagina. 
B)  sperm reach the outer jelly coating of the egg. 
C)  she sperm sheds the tail. 
D)  the sperm nucleus and egg nucleus unite to form a zygote.

Question 12

Cleavage in mammals

Accepted Answer

A)  is faster than most other groups. 
B)  does not begin, like most other animals, with a first cleavage plane through the animal-vegetal axis. 
C)  is asynchronous, meaning that all blastomeres do not divide at the same time. 
D)  is very loose, with cells drifting about in a loose amorphous, bubble-like mass. 
A)  is faster than most other groups. 
B)  does not begin, like most other animals, with a first cleavage plane through the animal-vegetal axis. 
C)  is asynchronous, meaning that all blastomeres do not divide at the same time. 
D)  is very loose, with cells drifting about in a loose amorphous, bubble-like mass.

Question 13

Distinguish "germ cells" and "germ layers."

Accepted Answer

Germ cells and germ layers are two disti

Question 14

Discuss the process of cytoplasmic specification and the role of differently pigmented cytoplasms.

Accepted Answer

Cytoplasmic specification is the process

Question 15

A true coelom is a fluid-filled cavity completely lined by ___________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A true coelom is a fluid-filled cavity...

Question 16

Outline the significance of the amniotic egg.Discuss the various layers and their functions in embryogenesis.

Accepted Answer

The amniotic egg is a significant develo

Question 17

The placenta develops from

Accepted Answer

A)  fetal membranes only. 
B)  maternal tissue only. 
C)  both fetal and maternal tissue. 
D)  polar bodies that develop just the placental tissues. 
A)  fetal membranes only. 
B)  maternal tissue only. 
C)  both fetal and maternal tissue. 
D)  polar bodies that develop just the placental tissues.

Question 18

Cleavage on the surface of the yolk of the chicken egg is partial because cleavage furrows cannot cut through; this is called

Accepted Answer

A)  meroblastic. 
B)  holoblastic. 
C)  isolecithal. 
D)  indeterminant. 
A)  meroblastic. 
B)  holoblastic. 
C)  isolecithal. 
D)  indeterminant.

Question 19

A developmental stage comprised of a hollow ball of cells is the

Accepted Answer

A)  blastula. 
B)  blastocoel. 
C)  gastrula. 
D)  neurula. 
A)  blastula. 
B)  blastocoel. 
C)  gastrula. 
D)  neurula.

Question 20

The concept of ________ suggested that preformed animals in the egg unfolded during development.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The concept of ________ suggested that preformed...

Exam 8: Principles of Development

In mammals,the organ of exchange between the mother and fetus is the

In an amniotic egg,the amnion

Contrast mosaic development with regulative development and indicate what animals would use each pattern of differentiation.Is one form of development "better" than another? Why or why not?

The difference between primary and secondary induction is a difference between

In land vertebrates,the function of the chorion is to

A characteristic of development of Deuterostomia is

Discuss or outline the derivatives of endoderm,mesoderm,and ectoderm.

The concept that an egg or sperm cell contained a very small but fully developed individual was called

Animals having radial cleavage (echinoderms)also show a type of development,called __________ _________,in which separated blastomeres can develop into complete and normal organisms.

The point of fertilization occurs when

Cleavage in mammals

Distinguish "germ cells" and "germ layers."

Discuss the process of cytoplasmic specification and the role of differently pigmented cytoplasms.

A true coelom is a fluid-filled cavity completely lined by ___________.

Outline the significance of the amniotic egg.Discuss the various layers and their functions in embryogenesis.

The placenta develops from

Cleavage on the surface of the yolk of the chicken egg is partial because cleavage furrows cannot cut through; this is called

A developmental stage comprised of a hollow ball of cells is the

The concept of ________ suggested that preformed animals in the egg unfolded during development.

Life: Biological Principles and the Science of Zoology

The Origin and Chemistry of Life

Cells As Units of Life

Cellular Metabolism

Genetics: a Review

Organic Evolution

The Reproductive Process

Architectural Pattern of an Animal

Taxonomy and Phylogeny of Animals

Unicellular Eukaryotes

Sponges and Placozoans

Radiate Animals

Acoelomorpha,Platyzoa,and Mesozoa

Polyzoa and Kryptrochozoa

Molluscs

Annelids and Allied Taxa

Smaller Ecdysozoans

Trilobites, Chelicerates, and Myriapods

Crustaceans

Support, Protection, and Movement

Chaetognaths, Echinoderms, and Hemichordates

Chordates

Fishes

Early Tetrapods and Modern Amphibians

Amniote Origins and Nonavian Reptiles

Birds

Mammals

Support, protection, and Movement

Homeostasis: Osmotic Regulation, Excretion, and Temperature Regulation

Homeostasis: Internal Fluids and Respiration

Digestion and Nutrition

Nervous Coordination: Nervous System and Sense Organs

Chemical Coordination: Endocrine System

Immunity

Animal Behavior

Animal Distributions

Animal Ecology

Filters

Animals having radial cleavage (echinoderms)also show a type of development,called __ _,in which separated blastomeres can develop into complete and normal organisms.