Exam 8: Experimental Design

To control order effects in a repeated measures design,one should use a(n)_____

Toby wants to see whether packaging information affects the way people rate breakfast cereal.The same cereal is put in three kinds of packages: a brown box that says "To start your day off with a smile";a yellow box that says "For extra energy all day";and a white box that says "Fortified with B complex and iron." In this study,the:

Jose states that he has counterbalanced the conditions in his experiment.What does this mean?

When testing the effect of noise on the performance of a task,Marco tests half the participants in a cool,quiet room and the other half in a hot,noisy room.In this case,what confounding variable has Marco failed to eliminate?

Sasha,a psychologist,has participants serve as their own control group by having them take part in every condition of her study.This experimental approach is an example of a(n)_____.

To study the effect of the type of stimulus on memory recall,Zhong subjects participants to either an auditory or visual presentation of a poem.After the presentation,the participants are asked to answer several questions about the poem.Which type of experimental design has Zhong employed?

Juan wants to compare the effectiveness of two drugs in treating migraines.He administers Drug A to a participant and then Drug B to the same participant eight hours later when Drug A is still in the participant's system.In this case,the study is contaminated by a _____ effect.

Colin wants to find out how using fins increases swimming speed.If an independent groups design is used,the researcher would manipulate the variable by:

A matched pairs design is most likely to be used when:

An experiment can be assumed to have internal validity if:

Good experimental design requires eliminating possible _____ variables that could result in alternative explanations.

In a Solomon four-group design,if there is no impact of the pretest,_____.

Improvement of performance as a result of repeated exposure to a task is referred to as a _____ effect.

In the context of the repeated measures design,when the sequence of presenting the treatments determines the participants' responses in part,the researcher is dealing with _____.

Natasha wants to know whether wearing sunglasses helps while driving.In a counterbalanced repeated measures design,presence or absence of sunglasses would be varied by:

In an experimental design,which of the following is a researcher least likely to do if the awareness of a pretest poses a problem?

_____ occurs when the effects of the independent variable and an uncontrolled variable are intertwined,so one cannot determine which of the variables is responsible for the observed effect.

Gerard conducts a study to examine the effectiveness of an exercise program on obese people.The participants must exercise for one hour every day for six months.By the end of the fourth month,Gerard finds that 75 percent of the participants dropped out of the study.What kind of problem has Gerard encountered in his study?

To achieve internal validity,a researcher must design and conduct experiments where only the _____ variable can be the cause of the results.

Which of the following is an advantage of using a pretest-posttest design over using a posttest-only design?