Question 1

The likelihood of the occurrence of some event or outcome is referred to as:

Accepted Answer

A)  reactivity. 
B)  reliability. 
C)  variability. 
D)  probability. 
A)  reactivity. 
B)  reliability. 
C)  variability. 
D)  probability. D

Question 2

Inferential statistics _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  are used to generally describe the data 
B)  are used to make conclusions about the data 
C)  focus mainly on scales of measurement 
D)  focus mainly on standard deviations 
A)  are used to generally describe the data 
B)  are used to make conclusions about the data 
C)  focus mainly on scales of measurement 
D)  focus mainly on standard deviations B

Question 3

The _____ is commonly used to examine whether two groups are significantly different from each other.

Accepted Answer

A)  t test 
B)  Mann-Whitney U test 
C)  Chi-square test 
D)  r test 
A)  t test 
B)  Mann-Whitney U test 
C)  Chi-square test 
D)  r test A

Question 4

How does sample size affect determinations of statistical significance?

Accepted Answer

A)  The larger the sample size,the greater the probability that the variable has an effect. 
B)  The smaller the sample size,the greater the probability that the variable has an effect. 
C)  The larger the sample size,the more accurate the estimation of the true population value. 
D)  The smaller the sample size,the more confident one can be in one's decision to reject or retain the null hypothesis. 
A)  The larger the sample size,the greater the probability that the variable has an effect. 
B)  The smaller the sample size,the greater the probability that the variable has an effect. 
C)  The larger the sample size,the more accurate the estimation of the true population value. 
D)  The smaller the sample size,the more confident one can be in one's decision to reject or retain the null hypothesis.

Question 5

When the independent variable has no effect on the dependent variable,the effect size statistic will:

Accepted Answer

A)  be equal to the degrees of freedom. 
B)  have a value of 0.00. 
C)  have a value of -1.0 or +1.0. 
D)  vary depending on the alpha level. 
A)  be equal to the degrees of freedom. 
B)  have a value of 0.00. 
C)  have a value of -1.0 or +1.0. 
D)  vary depending on the alpha level.

Question 6

According to the _____ hypothesis,the independent variable has no effect.

Accepted Answer

A)  null 
B)  research 
C)  practical 
D)  significant 
A)  null 
B)  research 
C)  practical 
D)  significant

Question 7

A one-tailed statistical test is used when:

Accepted Answer

A)  the data are from a ratio scale. 
B)  the data are from an ordinal scale. 
C)  there is a specific prediction regarding the direction of difference between groups. 
D)  there is no prediction regarding the direction of difference between groups. 
A)  the data are from a ratio scale. 
B)  the data are from an ordinal scale. 
C)  there is a specific prediction regarding the direction of difference between groups. 
D)  there is no prediction regarding the direction of difference between groups.

Question 8

A Type II error occurs when one:

Accepted Answer

A)  rejects the null hypothesis when it is false. 
B)  rejects the null hypothesis when it is true. 
C)  accepts the null hypothesis when it is true. 
D)  accepts the null hypothesis when it is false. 
A)  rejects the null hypothesis when it is false. 
B)  rejects the null hypothesis when it is true. 
C)  accepts the null hypothesis when it is true. 
D)  accepts the null hypothesis when it is false.

Question 9

Negative results are problematical because they:

Accepted Answer

A)  are difficult to interpret. 
B)  are less important. 
C)  disprove the theory one tries to support. 
D)  cannot be analyzed statistically. 
A)  are difficult to interpret. 
B)  are less important. 
C)  disprove the theory one tries to support. 
D)  cannot be analyzed statistically.

Question 10

When a researcher _____ the probability of making a Type I error,he or she _____ the probability of making a Type II error.

Accepted Answer

A)  increases;increases 
B)  decreases;increases 
C)  decreases;decreases 
D)  decreases;does not affect 
A)  increases;increases 
B)  decreases;increases 
C)  decreases;decreases 
D)  decreases;does not affect

Question 11

The larger the F ratio,the more likely the results are _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  significant 
B)  invalid 
C)  dissimilar 
D)  manipulated 
A)  significant 
B)  invalid 
C)  dissimilar 
D)  manipulated

Question 12

_____ variance is the deviation of the group means from the grand mean.

Accepted Answer

A)  Error 
B)  Systematic 
C)  Alpha 
D)  Inferential 
A)  Error 
B)  Systematic 
C)  Alpha 
D)  Inferential

Question 13

A researcher studying the gender-based differences in the use of disciplinary practices predicted that men use power-oriented practices more frequently than women.In this case,the research hypothesis would suggest that:

Accepted Answer

A)  women use power-oriented practices more than men. 
B)  men use power-oriented practices more than women. 
C)  there is no difference between men and women in the use of disciplinary techniques. 
D)  gender does not influence the kind of disciplinary practice used. 
A)  women use power-oriented practices more than men. 
B)  men use power-oriented practices more than women. 
C)  there is no difference between men and women in the use of disciplinary techniques. 
D)  gender does not influence the kind of disciplinary practice used.

Question 14

A consumer analyst asks participants to rate the health benefits of two health drinks-EnerG and Supreme.EnerG is rated more nutritive with a mean of 5.5 than Supreme,which is found to have a mean of 4.3.The Type II error would be to conclude that EnerG is:

Accepted Answer

A)  more nutritious than Supreme when a true difference in health benefits exists. 
B)  no more nutritious than Supreme when EnerG actually provides more health benefits. 
C)  no more nutritious than Supreme when no difference in health benefits exists. 
D)  more nutritious than Supreme when the two brands provide similar health benefits. 
A)  more nutritious than Supreme when a true difference in health benefits exists. 
B)  no more nutritious than Supreme when EnerG actually provides more health benefits. 
C)  no more nutritious than Supreme when no difference in health benefits exists. 
D)  more nutritious than Supreme when the two brands provide similar health benefits.

Question 15

A student is interested in the effect of environmental conditions on task performance.She makes participants complete a series of math problems under different conditions of temperature-cold,warm,and hot,and different noise conditions-quiet and noisy.The most appropriate test to analyze the data would be a(n)_____.

Accepted Answer

A)  t-test 
B)  Pearson r 
C)  chi-square 
D)  F-test 
A)  t-test 
B)  Pearson r 
C)  chi-square 
D)  F-test

Question 16

Before employing inferential statistics,Alberto selects the probability level required for statistical significance.This level is referred to as the _____ of the test.

Accepted Answer

A)  null hypothesis 
B)  research hypothesis 
C)  intuitive level 
D)  alpha level 
A)  null hypothesis 
B)  research hypothesis 
C)  intuitive level 
D)  alpha level

Question 17

The significance level chosen by a researcher is dependent on the _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  scales of measurement used for the study 
B)  desired probability of correctly rejecting the null hypothesis 
C)  consequences of making a Type I versus a Type II error 
D)  type of statistic being used 
A)  scales of measurement used for the study 
B)  desired probability of correctly rejecting the null hypothesis 
C)  consequences of making a Type I versus a Type II error 
D)  type of statistic being used

Question 18

Reida has developed a program that is designed to increase the reading comprehension scores of sixth graders.She randomly selects three students to participate in her program.When she compares the mean score of the students who completed her program to that of three students who did not participate in the program,she finds no significant difference between the mean scores.What is most likely the reason for the nonsignificant finding?

Accepted Answer

A)  Too strong a manipulation 
B)  The participation of sixth graders 
C)  A small sample size 
D)  A true research hypothesis 
A)  Too strong a manipulation 
B)  The participation of sixth graders 
C)  A small sample size 
D)  A true research hypothesis

Question 19

Alistair has obtained statistical significance in his study that examines the relationship between gender and voter preference.Which statement would Alistair NOT make?

Accepted Answer

A)  Male candidates receive more votes than female candidates. 
B)  The null hypothesis is rejected. 
C)  The research hypothesis is accepted. 
D)  Female candidates are just as likely to receive votes as male candidates. 
A)  Male candidates receive more votes than female candidates. 
B)  The null hypothesis is rejected. 
C)  The research hypothesis is accepted. 
D)  Female candidates are just as likely to receive votes as male candidates.

Question 20

All statistical techniques rely on _____ to determine the probability that the results are consistent with the null hypothesis.

Accepted Answer

A)  Type I errors 
B)  Type II errors 
C)  sampling distributions 
D)  statistical significance 
A)  Type I errors 
B)  Type II errors 
C)  sampling distributions 
D)  statistical significance

The likelihood of the occurrence of some event or outcome is referred to as:

Inferential statistics _____.

The _____ is commonly used to examine whether two groups are significantly different from each other.

How does sample size affect determinations of statistical significance?

When the independent variable has no effect on the dependent variable,the effect size statistic will:

According to the _____ hypothesis,the independent variable has no effect.

A one-tailed statistical test is used when:

A Type II error occurs when one:

Negative results are problematical because they:

When a researcher _ the probability of making a Type I error,he or she _ the probability of making a Type II error.

The larger the F ratio,the more likely the results are _____.

_____ variance is the deviation of the group means from the grand mean.

A researcher studying the gender-based differences in the use of disciplinary practices predicted that men use power-oriented practices more frequently than women.In this case,the research hypothesis would suggest that:

A consumer analyst asks participants to rate the health benefits of two health drinks-EnerG and Supreme.EnerG is rated more nutritive with a mean of 5.5 than Supreme,which is found to have a mean of 4.3.The Type II error would be to conclude that EnerG is:

Before employing inferential statistics,Alberto selects the probability level required for statistical significance.This level is referred to as the _____ of the test.

The significance level chosen by a researcher is dependent on the _____.

Alistair has obtained statistical significance in his study that examines the relationship between gender and voter preference.Which statement would Alistair NOT make?

All statistical techniques rely on _____ to determine the probability that the results are consistent with the null hypothesis.

Scientific Understanding of Behavior

Where to Start

Ethics in Behavioral Research

Fundamental Research Issues

Measurement Concepts

Observational Methods

Asking People About Themselves: Survey Research

Experimental Design

Conducting Experiments

Complex Experimental Designs

Single-Case, Quasi-Experimental, and Developmental Research

Understanding Research Results: Description and Correlation

Generalization

Filters

Exam 13: Understanding Research Results: Statistical Inference

The likelihood of the occurrence of some event or outcome is referred to as:

Inferential statistics _____.

The _____ is commonly used to examine whether two groups are significantly different from each other.

How does sample size affect determinations of statistical significance?

When the independent variable has no effect on the dependent variable,the effect size statistic will:

According to the _____ hypothesis,the independent variable has no effect.

A one-tailed statistical test is used when:

A Type II error occurs when one:

Negative results are problematical because they:

When a researcher _____ the probability of making a Type I error,he or she _____ the probability of making a Type II error.

The larger the F ratio,the more likely the results are _____.

_____ variance is the deviation of the group means from the grand mean.

A researcher studying the gender-based differences in the use of disciplinary practices predicted that men use power-oriented practices more frequently than women.In this case,the research hypothesis would suggest that:

A consumer analyst asks participants to rate the health benefits of two health drinks-EnerG and Supreme.EnerG is rated more nutritive with a mean of 5.5 than Supreme,which is found to have a mean of 4.3.The Type II error would be to conclude that EnerG is:

Before employing inferential statistics,Alberto selects the probability level required for statistical significance.This level is referred to as the _____ of the test.

The significance level chosen by a researcher is dependent on the _____.

Alistair has obtained statistical significance in his study that examines the relationship between gender and voter preference.Which statement would Alistair NOT make?

All statistical techniques rely on _____ to determine the probability that the results are consistent with the null hypothesis.

Scientific Understanding of Behavior

Where to Start

Ethics in Behavioral Research

Fundamental Research Issues

Measurement Concepts

Observational Methods

Asking People About Themselves: Survey Research

Experimental Design

Conducting Experiments

Complex Experimental Designs

Single-Case, Quasi-Experimental, and Developmental Research

Understanding Research Results: Description and Correlation

Generalization

Filters

When a researcher _ the probability of making a Type I error,he or she _ the probability of making a Type II error.