Exam 11: Single-Case, Quasi-Experimental, and Developmental Research

In an ABAB reversal design,the second "B" period is necessary to rule out:

If exposure to an earlier assessment affects behavior when a participant is assessed a second time,which of the following types of effects might the researcher suspect is the cause?

Clara examines the number of traumatic head injuries that occurred in California for five years before and after the passage of a law that made it mandatory for riders to wear a helmet.Clara's research design would be classified as a(n):

If a researcher wants to use an interrupted time series design to examine whether lowering the legal limit of blood alcohol level (BAL)for driving under the influence affects the frequency of arrests,the researcher would:

_____ in quasi-experimental designs is more difficult than in true experiments because quasi-experimental designs lack the important features of true experiments such as random assignment to conditions.

Why is the cross-sectional method more common than the longitudinal method?

A study by Orth and colleagues (2010)was conducted to study the development of self-esteem over time.They were interested in changes in self-esteem at various ages and over time.They identified six different age cohorts (25-34,35-44,45-54,55-64,65-74,75+)and examined their self-esteem ratings from 1986,1989,1994,and 2002.This type of design is best classified as a(n)_____.

A control series design is a(n)_____ design with a comparison group.

When asked if he would like to have some fruits along with his breakfast,Milo declines.He then attends an all-day presentation on the nutritional benefits of eating fruits.At the end of the presentation,Milo is again offered some fruits to eat and he accepts.What effect may be responsible for the change in Milo's response?

_____ usually occurs when participants who form the two groups in an experiment are chosen from existing natural groups.

Which of the following is a threat to the internal validity of studies using one-group pretest-posttest design?

Over time,human observers may become fatigued or change the standards on which observations are based.When this change in measurement occurs over time,a researcher might attribute it to _____.

Which of the following is true of single-case designs?

What is the difference between true experimental designs and quasi-experimental designs?

A researcher wants to study the effect of weather on college students' study habits.On a sunny day,the researcher sits in the quad and records the number of minutes of study per student.Identify the crucial element missing in this design.

A researcher pretests a group of participants to determine their attitudes toward the use of alternative energy sources to replace crude oil.The researcher then initiates a program to convince them that they should invest in such alternatives.During this time,the price of gasoline rises $.50 per gallon.At the end of the program,the researcher retests and finds that the participants are much more positive in their attitudes.What threat to internal validity most likely accounts for this change?

Which of the following best describes a longitudinal study on children's development?

A quasi-experimental design attempts to:

Ethan has developed a scale to measure a person's fear of earthquakes.After the occurrence of an earthquake,he surveys 1000 individuals and finds the mean score to be 7.8 out of a possible 10 (the higher the score,the greater the fear).Ethan concludes that fear increases after people experience an earthquake.This study is an example of a:

Which of the following are two general methods for studying individuals of different ages?