Question 1

In a solution made from one teaspoon of sugar and one liter of water,which is the solute?

Accepted Answer

A) sugar 
B) water 
C) the teaspoon 
D) both sugar and water 
E) none of the above 
A) sugar 
B) water 
C) the teaspoon 
D) both sugar and water 
E) none of the above A

Question 2

How does the purchase and use of a home beverage carbonator help to minimize carbon dioxide emissions?

Accepted Answer

A) It allows the consumer to avoid using commercial sodas that require much gasoline for shipping. 
B) Home carbonators are more efficient at forcing the carbon dioxide into solution. 
C) Industrial carbonators are driven by mechanical pumps that require large amounts of gasoline in order to operate. 
D) False.Home carbonators have the net effect of producing more carbon dioxide per liter of carbonate water. 
A) It allows the consumer to avoid using commercial sodas that require much gasoline for shipping. 
B) Home carbonators are more efficient at forcing the carbon dioxide into solution. 
C) Industrial carbonators are driven by mechanical pumps that require large amounts of gasoline in order to operate. 
D) False.Home carbonators have the net effect of producing more carbon dioxide per liter of carbonate water. A

Question 3

Which of the following solutions is the most dilute?

Accepted Answer

A) 0.1 liter of water with 1 gram of sugar 
B) 0.2 liter of water with 2 grams of sugar 
C) 0.5 liter of water with 5 grams of sugar 
D) 1 liter of water with 10 grams of sugar 
E) They all have the same concentration. 
A) 0.1 liter of water with 1 gram of sugar 
B) 0.2 liter of water with 2 grams of sugar 
C) 0.5 liter of water with 5 grams of sugar 
D) 1 liter of water with 10 grams of sugar 
E) They all have the same concentration. E

Question 4

Why aren't solar stills used in more large urban areas?

Accepted Answer

A) They take up too much space. 
B) They do not produce enough water. 
C) They require too much sunlight. 
D) They are not as efficient are reverse osmosis. 
E) all of the above 
A) They take up too much space. 
B) They do not produce enough water. 
C) They require too much sunlight. 
D) They are not as efficient are reverse osmosis. 
E) all of the above

Question 5

How would you classify the following material? a cappuccino (with foam)

Accepted Answer

A) a suspension 
B) a heterogeneous mixture 
C) a solution 
D) an element 
E) a compound 
A) a suspension 
B) a heterogeneous mixture 
C) a solution 
D) an element 
E) a compound

Question 6

Water being purified using aluminum salts and a base is an example of

Accepted Answer

A) a physical separation. 
B) a chemical reaction. 
C) an acid-base reaction. 
D) a chemical separation. 
E) none of the above 
A) a physical separation. 
B) a chemical reaction. 
C) an acid-base reaction. 
D) a chemical separation. 
E) none of the above

Question 7

How might you separate a mixture of sand and salt?

Accepted Answer

A) with tweezers and a magnifying glass 
B) just add water 
C) heat the mixture until one of the components melts 
D) Two of the above answers are reasonable. 
A) with tweezers and a magnifying glass 
B) just add water 
C) heat the mixture until one of the components melts 
D) Two of the above answers are reasonable.

Question 8

Half-frozen fruit punch is always sweeter than the same fruit punch completely melted because

Accepted Answer

A) the sugar sinks to the bottom. 
B) crystallization is a purifying process. 
C) the half-frozen fruit punch is warmer. 
D) sugar molecules are less soluble in a half-frozen solution. 
A) the sugar sinks to the bottom. 
B) crystallization is a purifying process. 
C) the half-frozen fruit punch is warmer. 
D) sugar molecules are less soluble in a half-frozen solution.

Question 9

-Which of the above might best describe how soap behaves in a nonpolar solvent like turpentine?

Accepted Answer

A) a 
B) b 
C) c 
D) d 
E) none of the above 
A) a 
B) b 
C) c 
D) d 
E) none of the above

Question 10

Based on atomic size,which would you expect to be more soluble in water: helium,He,or nitrogen, N2?

Accepted Answer

A) Although He is smaller,its outer orbital is filled and the atom will have little attraction to the water molecules. 
B) Since He atoms are smaller,more of them can fit into solution,so it has a higher solubility in water. 
C) Nitrogen atoms are bigger and so nitrogen molecules should be more soluble in water due to greater dipole-induced dipole attractions. 
D) He atoms are bigger and so helium molecules should be more soluble in water due to greater dipole-induced dipole attractions. 
A) Although He is smaller,its outer orbital is filled and the atom will have little attraction to the water molecules. 
B) Since He atoms are smaller,more of them can fit into solution,so it has a higher solubility in water. 
C) Nitrogen atoms are bigger and so nitrogen molecules should be more soluble in water due to greater dipole-induced dipole attractions. 
D) He atoms are bigger and so helium molecules should be more soluble in water due to greater dipole-induced dipole attractions.

Question 11

Which of the following might have the lowest solubility in water?

Accepted Answer

A) CH3OH 
B) Cl2 
C) O2 
D) CH3CH3 
E) none of the above 
A) CH3OH 
B) Cl2 
C) O2 
D) CH3CH3 
E) none of the above

Question 12

Which of the following solutions is the most concentrated?

Accepted Answer

A) one liter of water with 1 gram of sugar 
B) one liter of water with 2 grams of sugar 
C) one liter of water with 5 grams of sugar 
D) one liter of water with 10 grams of sugar 
E) They all have the same volume. 
A) one liter of water with 1 gram of sugar 
B) one liter of water with 2 grams of sugar 
C) one liter of water with 5 grams of sugar 
D) one liter of water with 10 grams of sugar 
E) They all have the same volume.

Question 13

Phosphate ions, $\mathrm { PO } _ { 4 }$ 3-,were once added to detergents to assist in cleaning.What function did they serve?

Accepted Answer

A) Phosphate ions were relatively good at removing grease by binding with large nonpolar molecules. 
B) Phosphate ions were large enough to bind with the large grime molecules and remove them. 
C) Phosphate ions would bind to and remove calcium ions,thus acting as a water softening agent. 
D) Phosphate ions would reduce the growth of algae in aquatic habitats receiving the wastewater. 
A) Phosphate ions were relatively good at removing grease by binding with large nonpolar molecules. 
B) Phosphate ions were large enough to bind with the large grime molecules and remove them. 
C) Phosphate ions would bind to and remove calcium ions,thus acting as a water softening agent. 
D) Phosphate ions would reduce the growth of algae in aquatic habitats receiving the wastewater.

Question 14

Which of the following statements best describes what is happening in a water softening unit?

Accepted Answer

A) The hard ions in water are exchanged for ions that do not interact as strongly with soaps. 
B) The hard ions are all trapped in the softener,which filets out all the ions. 
C) The ions in the water softener are softened by chemically bonding with sodium. 
D) The sodium is removed from the water,making the water interact less with the soap molecules. 
E) none of the above 
A) The hard ions in water are exchanged for ions that do not interact as strongly with soaps. 
B) The hard ions are all trapped in the softener,which filets out all the ions. 
C) The ions in the water softener are softened by chemically bonding with sodium. 
D) The sodium is removed from the water,making the water interact less with the soap molecules. 
E) none of the above

Question 15

What statement best describes a mole?

Accepted Answer

A) a little furry mammal that lives in the ground 
B) a very small number chemists use to count atoms or molecules 
C) the amount of molecules or atoms in 1 gram of something 
D) It is a very large number chemists use to count atoms or molecules. 
E) none of the above 
A) a little furry mammal that lives in the ground 
B) a very small number chemists use to count atoms or molecules 
C) the amount of molecules or atoms in 1 gram of something 
D) It is a very large number chemists use to count atoms or molecules. 
E) none of the above

Question 16

How is most of the energy required for secondary wastewater treatment consumed?

Accepted Answer

A) as electricity to power air pumps for aeration 
B) as electricity to illuminate UV lamps 
C) as heat to run distillation equipment 
D) as electricity to power hydraulic pumps for reverse osmosis 
E) none of the above 
A) as electricity to power air pumps for aeration 
B) as electricity to illuminate UV lamps 
C) as heat to run distillation equipment 
D) as electricity to power hydraulic pumps for reverse osmosis 
E) none of the above

Question 17

Which of the following describes reverse osmosis?

Accepted Answer

A) High pressure saltwater is forced against a semipermeable membrane and fresh water comes out. 
B) Saltwater is chemically reacted with aluminum particles,which chemically binds to the chloride ions. 
C) The water is heated until it evaporates and condenses in a pure form. 
D) High pressure saltwater is reacted with aluminum,which absorbs the sodium ions in an oxidation reaction. 
E) none of the above 
A) High pressure saltwater is forced against a semipermeable membrane and fresh water comes out. 
B) Saltwater is chemically reacted with aluminum particles,which chemically binds to the chloride ions. 
C) The water is heated until it evaporates and condenses in a pure form. 
D) High pressure saltwater is reacted with aluminum,which absorbs the sodium ions in an oxidation reaction. 
E) none of the above

Question 18

How does a suspension differ from a solution?

Accepted Answer

A) A suspension is a heterogeneous mixture whose components can be separated by simple filtration.A solution is a homogeneous mixture which cannot be separated by simple filtration. 
B) A suspension is a heterogeneous mixture consisting of different phases whereas a solution is a homogeneous mixture consisting of a single phase. 
C) Although a solution and suspension are both homogeneous mixtures,only the components of a suspension will separate by spinning the mixture in a centrifuge. 
D) The difference between a suspension and a solution can only be determined by chemical means. 
A) A suspension is a heterogeneous mixture whose components can be separated by simple filtration.A solution is a homogeneous mixture which cannot be separated by simple filtration. 
B) A suspension is a heterogeneous mixture consisting of different phases whereas a solution is a homogeneous mixture consisting of a single phase. 
C) Although a solution and suspension are both homogeneous mixtures,only the components of a suspension will separate by spinning the mixture in a centrifuge. 
D) The difference between a suspension and a solution can only be determined by chemical means.

Question 19

What is the main difference between a soap and a detergent?

Accepted Answer

A) Soaps are made from fatty acids,detergents are synthetic. 
B) Soaps are biodegradable,detergents are not. 
C) Detergents are better than soaps. 
D) Soaps are all natural. 
E) Soaps and detergents are exactly the same. 
A) Soaps are made from fatty acids,detergents are synthetic. 
B) Soaps are biodegradable,detergents are not. 
C) Detergents are better than soaps. 
D) Soaps are all natural. 
E) Soaps and detergents are exactly the same.

Question 20

What is the special property of a semipermeable membrane that makes osmosis possible?

Accepted Answer

A) The pores in the membrane only allow water to pass through. 
B) Water only moves through the membrane in one direction. 
C) Only the ions travel through the membrane. 
D) Ions only move one way through the membrane. 
E) none of the above 
A) The pores in the membrane only allow water to pass through. 
B) Water only moves through the membrane in one direction. 
C) Only the ions travel through the membrane. 
D) Ions only move one way through the membrane. 
E) none of the above

Exam 16: Mixtures

In a solution made from one teaspoon of sugar and one liter of water,which is the solute?

How does the purchase and use of a home beverage carbonator help to minimize carbon dioxide emissions?

Which of the following solutions is the most dilute?

Why aren't solar stills used in more large urban areas?

How would you classify the following material? a cappuccino (with foam)

Water being purified using aluminum salts and a base is an example of

How might you separate a mixture of sand and salt?

Half-frozen fruit punch is always sweeter than the same fruit punch completely melted because

-Which of the above might best describe how soap behaves in a nonpolar solvent like turpentine?

Based on atomic size,which would you expect to be more soluble in water: helium,He,or nitrogen, N2?

Which of the following might have the lowest solubility in water?

Which of the following solutions is the most concentrated?

Phosphate ions, PO4\mathrm { PO } _ { 4 }PO4​ 3-,were once added to detergents to assist in cleaning.What function did they serve?

Which of the following statements best describes what is happening in a water softening unit?

What statement best describes a mole?

How is most of the energy required for secondary wastewater treatment consumed?

Which of the following describes reverse osmosis?

How does a suspension differ from a solution?

What is the main difference between a soap and a detergent?

What is the special property of a semipermeable membrane that makes osmosis possible?

Patterns of Motion and Equilibrium

Newtons Laws of Motion

Momentum and Energy

Gravity, Projectiles, and Satellites

Fluid Mechanics

Thermal Energy and Thermodynamics

Heat Transfer and Change of Phase

Static and Current Electricity

Magnetism and Electromagnetic Induction

Waves and Sound

Light

Atoms and the Periodic Table

The Atomic Nucleus and Radioactivity

Elements of Chemistry

How Atoms Bond and Molecules Attract

How Chemicals React

Two Classes of Chemical Reactions

Organic Compounds

Rocks and Minerals

Plate Tectonics and Earths Interior

Shaping Earths Surface

Geologic Time - Reading the Rock Record

The Oceans, Atmosphere, and Climatic Effects

Driving Forces of Weather

The Solar System

Stars and Galaxies

The Structure of Space and Time

Prologue: The Nature of Science

Filters

Based on atomic size,which would you expect to be more soluble in water: helium,He,or nitrogen, N₂?

Phosphate ions, $\mathrm { PO } _ { 4 }$ ^3-,were once added to detergents to assist in cleaning.What function did they serve?