Exam 8: Cognition and Language

Tina is 6 months old,Vincenzo is 2 years and 7 months old,and Wayne is 3 years and 6 months old.Which alternative below correctly pairs each child with the appropriate language acquisition stage or phenomenon?

_____ psychology is the branch of psychology that focuses on the study of higher mental processes,including thinking,language,memory,problem solving,knowing,reasoning,and judging.

People seek and remember evidence in support of their existing hypotheses; they ignore or discount contradictory evidence.In other words,people are prone to_____ .

According to the _____,language provides us with categories that we use to construct our view of people and events in the world around us.

_____ is the process by which information is used to draw conclusions and make decisions.

Which of the following terms best captures the meaning of the term heuristic,as cognitive psychologists use it?

Carl is the only person from New Zealand that Craig has ever met.Carl strikes Craig as being quite friendly and funny.When Carl asks Craig what he would expect to find if he went to New Zealand,Craig says that he would expect the people to be quite friendly and funny.What might Craig have used to make this judgment?

"Sophie kitty," Tara says,when her aunt asks her whether the stuffed animal belongs to her or to her sister.Tara's reply exemplifies _____speech.

Which of the following impediments to effective problem solving is correctly matched with its definition?

You check the time on your phone.Your friend should be out of class by now.You call her.She should answer if she is out of class.In this example,your thought processes are best seen as exemplifying:

When you use the availability heuristic,you are:

_____ is the tendency to seek out and give greater weight to information that supports one's initial hypothesis and to ignore contradictory information that supports alternative hypotheses or solutions.

What is meant by the notion of a critical period for language acquisition?

Joanne does not go out at night because she hears from her local news station about the large number of muggings and robberies that occur in her city.However,crime in Joanne's city has actually gone down in the past few years.Joanne is falling victim to:

Which figure best approximates the number of Americans for whom English is a second language?

Kent and Kirsten are both trying to reduce their consumer debt.Kent isolates several more concrete problems he can solve to achieve his goal,such as paying the highest-interest debts first and freezing credit card spending.Kirsten simply pays her largest debt first because this would seem to be the fastest way to move her debt as close to zero as possible.Kent's plan reflects the problem-solving strategy of _____,while Kirsten's method illustrates the strategy of _____.

Clint is mentally rehearsing his golf swing in his mind's eye.Based on mental imagery,which of the following statements is most accurate?

As compared to less creative individuals,creative people:

When you go to the supermarket,you see the brand of cookies you usually buy,and settle for it.Usually it is a good rule of thumb because it saves a lot of time.You do not ponder over every type of cookie available in the store.This is an example of a(n)_____.

Which of the following language acquisition stages or phenomena is correctly matched with an illustrative example?