Exam 8: Cognition and Language

Traditional intelligence tests tend to assess _____ thinking; tests of creativity tap into _____.

_____ refers to the tendency of old patterns of problem solving to persist.

In written language,letters most closely represent _____,whereas sentences may be said to reflect _____.

Which of the following statements accurately expresses one failing of cognitive psychologists' study of problem solving?

Which of the following sequences best reflects the order of the three broad phases of the problem-solving process,from first to last?

Which of the following is most likely the prototype of the concept "fruit"?

_____ is defined as a sudden awareness of the relationship among problem elements; it is thought to lead rapidly to the problem's solution.

Chomsky suggested that the human brain has an inherited neural system that lets us understand the structure language provides.This is known as _____.

"Eureka! I've got it!" That sudden awareness of the path toward a problem's solution is termed_____ .

Following the September 11,2001,Twin Towers attacks,many Americans opted to drive rather than fly.The media coverage of the hijackings caused Americans to overestimate the danger of flying.As it was an event they remember easily,they assumed it could occur frequently.This example illustrates:

In seven states,including Texas and Colorado,more than _____ of the students are not native English speakers.

According to the _____ heuristic,we assume that events we remember easily are likely to have occurred more frequently in the past-and are more likely to occur in the future-than events that are harder to remember.

Renee has an idea of how her living room ought to look.She is moving the furniture,paintings,and accessories to get closer to that picture in her head.Renee is using the problem-solving technique of _____.

Last week,Mike heard about five separate airplane crashes on the news.Even though,in general,motorcycle accidents account for more accidents than plane crashes do,Mike decides to ride his motorcycle from Washington to Atlanta instead of flying.Which bias is reflected in Mike's decision?

A detective tries to get a general picture of a murder from the specific evidence associated with the murder.This is an example of _____ reasoning.

Students are educated in their native language and in English simultaneously in _____,whereas they are educated only in English in _____.

The _____ heuristic involves judging the probability of an event on the basis of how easily the event can be recalled from memory.

The rules indicating how words and phrases may be combined to form legitimate sentences are referred to as _____.

The view that language development is produced through a combination of genetically determined predispositions and environmental circumstances that help to teach language is known as the _____ approach.

Which of the following is most nearly synonymous with the term concept,as it is used by cognitive psychologists?