Exam 8: Cognition and Language

You are creating a language development timeline for a class presentation.Along the top of a display board,you write the following ages in sequence: 6 months $\rarr$ 1 year $\rarr$ 2 years $\rarr$ 3 years.How should you label these ages,from youngest to oldest?

In _____ problems,the nature of the problem and the information needed to solve it are clear.In _____ problems,either or both the nature of the problem and the information required to solve it are unclear.

Contrast learning-theory and nativist approaches to language development.Describe the strengths and weaknesses of each approach.

Zelma is asked to think of all the words beginning with the letters "squ," such as squeak.She is then given a fill-in-the-blank task where one of the items is "s _ _ o n g." Zelma keeps trying to make "squong" a word,and she has trouble thinking of the common word "strong." Zelma's ability to solve this problem has been hampered by:

In problems of _____,a person must identify the existing relationships among the elements presented and then construct a new relationship among them.

Reasoning from the general to the specific is called:

A calculus problem has one correct answer and contains all the information necessary for its solution; thus,it is a(n)_____problem.

Estelle is playing with images and concepts in her mind.Her cognitive psychology professor would say that she is_____ .

Identify and describe three different problem-solving strategies described in your text.Suggest how each strategy might be fruitfully applied in one or more college courses.

Describe several techniques that may improve critical or creative thinking.How might these techniques help problem solvers overcome some of the impediments to effective problem solving?

"You always clam up when I ask you what's wrong," Iris tells her boyfriend.Iris is probably making this frequency judgment because she can remember a few times that her boyfriend would not tell her what was bothering him.Iris is using the _____ heuristic.

Which of the following is TRUE of algorithms?

Which of the following most likely makes use of heuristics?

In _____,students are immediately plunged into English instruction in all subjects.

Someone relying on divergent thinking would answer _____ to the query "What can you do with a pencil?"

Which of the following is TRUE of creativity?

Dr.Randazza shows participants a stylized map of a fictitious city.The map includes landmarks,such as a post office,a library,a shopping mall,a bus depot,and an airport.Some of the landmarks are close together,such as the library and the post office.Others are far apart,such as the airport and the shopping mall.Dr.Randazza removes the map.Participants are asked to imagine walking from one landmark to another,either a nearby one or a more distant one.Participants press a key when they have reached the destination in their minds.Based on mental imagery,what do you think Dr.Randazza should find? What would such a result say about mental imagery?

A researcher finds that her participants think most readily of a carrot when prompted with the category "vegetable." On this basis,the researcher might argue that a carrot is the _____vegetable.

A high school physics teacher reassures his class that no matter how confusing that week's word problems appear,they can be solved quite handily through the use of the formula F = MA.The teacher has offered his students a(n)_____.