Exam 5: Learning

If you reinforce a behavior some but not all of the time,then it is called a(n)____________ reinforcement schedule.

____________ is a relatively permanent change in behavior brought about by experience.

_____________ conditioning focuses on the natural biological responses to the presence of a stimulus such as food,water,or pain,whereas __________ conditioning applies to voluntary responses,which an organism performs deliberately to produce a desirable outcome.

How did Pavlov demonstrate classical conditioning in his initial studies?

The view that learning is accomplished through thought processes is known as _____________ learning theory.

If an infant sees a bright colored toy for the first time and is excited,but then fails to be excited after repeated exposure to the toy,then he/she is exhibiting ____________.

The process by which a stimulus increases the probability that a preceding behavior will be repeated is called reinforcement.

A __________ reinforcer satisfies some biological need and works naturally,regardless of a person's prior experiences,whereas,in contrast,a stimulus that becomes reinforcing because of its association with a primary reinforcer is called a ____________ reinforcer.

________ conditioning applies to voluntary responses,which an organism performs deliberately to produce a desirable outcome.

Habituation is showing excitement each time you see a stimulus,regardless of the amount of exposure you have been given.

Learning in which a voluntary response is strengthened or weakened,depending on its favorable or unfavorable consequences,is called _______________ conditioning.

Violent video games have also been linked with actual aggression.

________ of reinforcement are different patterns of frequency and timing of reinforcement following desired responses.

A stimulus that,before conditioning,does not naturally bring about the response of interest is called a(n)_____________ stimulus.

A stimulus that,before conditioning,does not naturally bring about the response of interest is called a _____________ stimulus.

A once-neutral stimulus that has been paired with an unconditioned stimulus to bring about a response formerly caused only by the unconditioned stimulus is called the ___________ stimulus.

A type of learning where a new behavior is learned but not demonstrated until some incentive is provided for displaying it is called ___________ learning.

Explain the process of extinction.

What are the steps in behavior modification to change behavior?

_____________ occurs when a previously conditioned response decreases in frequency and eventually disappears.