Question 1

The levels-of-processing approach:

Accepted Answer

A)  assumes that the longer material is in working memory the more deep will be its memory traces. 
B)  is primarily concerned with a type of memory called "procedural." 
C)  suggests that thinking about material leads to better memory than does maintenance rehearsal. 
D)  holds that meaningless material produces greater depth of processing than does material that can easily be fitted into meaningful contexts. 
A)  assumes that the longer material is in working memory the more deep will be its memory traces. 
B)  is primarily concerned with a type of memory called "procedural." 
C)  suggests that thinking about material leads to better memory than does maintenance rehearsal. 
D)  holds that meaningless material produces greater depth of processing than does material that can easily be fitted into meaningful contexts. C

Question 2

Which of the following statements best describes the fate of the decay theory of forgetting in psychology?

Accepted Answer

A)  It has been completely discredited as a theory of forgetting. 
B)  It is an incomplete theory of forgetting. 
C)  It has largely been affirmed as a theory of forgetting. 
D)  It has been supplanted by more contemporary theories of forgetting. 
A)  It has been completely discredited as a theory of forgetting. 
B)  It is an incomplete theory of forgetting. 
C)  It has largely been affirmed as a theory of forgetting. 
D)  It has been supplanted by more contemporary theories of forgetting. B

Question 3

Christopher clearly remembers that he was practicing his dialogues for his school play when he heard that the governor of his state had been assassinated.This is an example of a(n)_____ memory.

Accepted Answer

A)  nondeclarative 
B)  flashbulb 
C)  implicit 
D)  procedural 
A)  nondeclarative 
B)  flashbulb 
C)  implicit 
D)  procedural B

Question 4

Distinguish between explicit and implicit memory.How is implicit memory studied in the laboratory? How does implicit memory research inform the continuing debate in psychology regarding the unconscious determinants of behavior? In your answer,make explicit reference to behaviors that may have important personal and social consequences.

Accepted Answer

The answer should contain the following

Question 5

"I know it! It's um ...um ... ," begins a trivia game contestant excitedly.The contestant is engaged in a test of her _____ memory.

Accepted Answer

A)  external 
B)  explicit 
C)  internal 
D)  implicit 
A)  external 
B)  explicit 
C)  internal 
D)  implicit

Question 6

"You'll probably do better on the test if you put more effort into understanding what the chapter's trying to say in the first place," one of your professors admonishes the class.You are reminded of the _____ theory of memory retrieval.

Accepted Answer

levels-of-

Question 7

Tommy is repeating a series of digits in the order in which he heard an experimenter read them.The experimenter is testing the capacity of Tommy's _____ memory.Tommy should be able to repeat about _____ digits correctly.

Accepted Answer

A)  short-term;4 
B)  short-term;7 
C)  sensory;4 
D)  sensory;7 
A)  short-term;4 
B)  short-term;7 
C)  sensory;4 
D)  sensory;7

Question 8

Which of the following statements is true of working memory?

Accepted Answer

A)  Sensory memory is referred to as working memory. 
B)  Working memory avoids the use of cognitive resources of information. 
C)  Working memory stores information on a relatively permanent basis,although it may be difficult to retrieve. 
D)  Working memory permits us to keep information in an active state briefly so that we can do something with the information. 
A)  Sensory memory is referred to as working memory. 
B)  Working memory avoids the use of cognitive resources of information. 
C)  Working memory stores information on a relatively permanent basis,although it may be difficult to retrieve. 
D)  Working memory permits us to keep information in an active state briefly so that we can do something with the information.

Question 9

Knowing how to serve a badminton birdie is an example of a(n)_____ memory.

Accepted Answer

A)  episodic 
B)  declarative 
C)  procedural 
D)  semantic 
A)  episodic 
B)  declarative 
C)  procedural 
D)  semantic

Question 10

Which of the following sequences best reflects the order of stages in the three-stage model of memory?

Accepted Answer

A)  Sensory memory → short-term memory → long-term memory 
B)  Short-term memory → sensory memory → long-term memory 
C)  Short-term memory → working memory → long-term memory 
D)  Working memory → short-term memory → long-term memory 
A)  Sensory memory → short-term memory → long-term memory 
B)  Short-term memory → sensory memory → long-term memory 
C)  Short-term memory → working memory → long-term memory 
D)  Working memory → short-term memory → long-term memory

Question 11

Short-term memory is limited both in the amount of information it can hold at one time,and in how long it can hold information.Describe several strategies one might use to overcome the capacity and duration limitations of short-term memory.How might one use these strategies when studying for course materials? Provide concrete examples.

Accepted Answer

The answer should contain the following

Question 12

Chad is puzzling over a difficult question on a multiple-choice sociology test.He re-reads the question,scans the options beneath the question,and glances at other questions on the test.Most likely,Chad is looking for:

Accepted Answer

A)  mnemonics. 
B)  flashbulb memories. 
C)  retrieval cues. 
D)  a miracle. 
A)  mnemonics. 
B)  flashbulb memories. 
C)  retrieval cues. 
D)  a miracle.

Question 13

Define and provide original examples from your own experience of each of the following types of long-term memory: declarative,procedural,episodic,and semantic.

Accepted Answer

The answer might include definitions and

Question 14

Activating one memory triggers the activation of related memories in a process known as:

Accepted Answer

A)  spreading activation. 
B)  elaborative rehearsal. 
C)  network priming. 
D)  rote learning. 
A)  spreading activation. 
B)  elaborative rehearsal. 
C)  network priming. 
D)  rote learning.

Question 15

Mental arithmetic entails the activity of both the visual and the verbal stores in working memory;the _____ coordinates the operation of these two subsystems.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Mental arithmetic entails the activity of both...

Question 16

Drew is unable to recall whether Lincoln's head faces left or right on the penny.Which of the following is probably the best explanation for Drew's memory failure?

Accepted Answer

A)  The information is difficult to retrieve,because it is stored along with so many other pieces of information in Drew's long-term memory. 
B)  The information was learned so long ago that it is no longer stored in Drew's long-term memory. 
C)  The information was not encoded,because Drew never really paid attention to Lincoln's head on the penny. 
D)  The information was immediately displaced from Drew's working memory after it was encoded. 
A)  The information is difficult to retrieve,because it is stored along with so many other pieces of information in Drew's long-term memory. 
B)  The information was learned so long ago that it is no longer stored in Drew's long-term memory. 
C)  The information was not encoded,because Drew never really paid attention to Lincoln's head on the penny. 
D)  The information was immediately displaced from Drew's working memory after it was encoded.

Question 17

When faced with a list of terms to memorize in one of his college courses,Brendan creates an acrostic-a sentence in which successive words begin with the same letter as the corresponding list word.Formal organizational strategies such as this are termed _____.

Accepted Answer

The answer of When faced with a list of terms...

Question 18

_____ memory refers to the initial,momentary storage of information that lasts only an instant.

Accepted Answer

A)  Working 
B)  Long-term 
C)  Sensory 
D)  Short-term 
A)  Working 
B)  Long-term 
C)  Sensory 
D)  Short-term

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the results of Ebbinghaus's work on forgetting?

Accepted Answer

A)  You'll remember what you learn pretty well for a day or two,but then you'll begin rapidly forgetting the material. 
B)  Beginning immediately,you'll slowly forget what you've learned at a relatively constant rate. 
C)  You'll forget most of it right away,and you'll keep on forgetting more of it,though at a slower rate. 
D)  I forget. 
A)  You'll remember what you learn pretty well for a day or two,but then you'll begin rapidly forgetting the material. 
B)  Beginning immediately,you'll slowly forget what you've learned at a relatively constant rate. 
C)  You'll forget most of it right away,and you'll keep on forgetting more of it,though at a slower rate. 
D)  I forget.

Question 20

Why is it so difficult to retrieve information from long-term memory?

Accepted Answer

A)  The capacity of long-term memory is limited. 
B)  The duration of long-term memories is limited. 
C)  There is so much information being stored in long-term memory. 
D)  The material that makes its way to long-term memory is temporary. 
A)  The capacity of long-term memory is limited. 
B)  The duration of long-term memories is limited. 
C)  There is so much information being stored in long-term memory. 
D)  The material that makes its way to long-term memory is temporary.

The levels-of-processing approach:

Which of the following statements best describes the fate of the decay theory of forgetting in psychology?

Christopher clearly remembers that he was practicing his dialogues for his school play when he heard that the governor of his state had been assassinated.This is an example of a(n)_____ memory.

"I know it! It's um ...um ... ," begins a trivia game contestant excitedly.The contestant is engaged in a test of her _____ memory.

"You'll probably do better on the test if you put more effort into understanding what the chapter's trying to say in the first place," one of your professors admonishes the class.You are reminded of the _____ theory of memory retrieval.

Tommy is repeating a series of digits in the order in which he heard an experimenter read them.The experimenter is testing the capacity of Tommy's _ memory.Tommy should be able to repeat about _ digits correctly.

Which of the following statements is true of working memory?

Knowing how to serve a badminton birdie is an example of a(n)_____ memory.

Which of the following sequences best reflects the order of stages in the three-stage model of memory?

Chad is puzzling over a difficult question on a multiple-choice sociology test.He re-reads the question,scans the options beneath the question,and glances at other questions on the test.Most likely,Chad is looking for:

Define and provide original examples from your own experience of each of the following types of long-term memory: declarative,procedural,episodic,and semantic.

Activating one memory triggers the activation of related memories in a process known as:

Mental arithmetic entails the activity of both the visual and the verbal stores in working memory;the _____ coordinates the operation of these two subsystems.

Drew is unable to recall whether Lincoln's head faces left or right on the penny.Which of the following is probably the best explanation for Drew's memory failure?

When faced with a list of terms to memorize in one of his college courses,Brendan creates an acrostic-a sentence in which successive words begin with the same letter as the corresponding list word.Formal organizational strategies such as this are termed _____.

_____ memory refers to the initial,momentary storage of information that lasts only an instant.

Which of the following best describes the results of Ebbinghaus's work on forgetting?

Why is it so difficult to retrieve information from long-term memory?

Introduction to Psychology

Psychological Research

Neuroscience and Behavior

Sensation and Perception

States of Consciousness

Memory

Cognition and Language

Intelligence

Motivation and Emotion

Sexuality and Gender

Development

Personality

Health Psychology: Stress Coping and Well-Being

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Exam 6: Learning

The levels-of-processing approach:

Which of the following statements best describes the fate of the decay theory of forgetting in psychology?

Christopher clearly remembers that he was practicing his dialogues for his school play when he heard that the governor of his state had been assassinated.This is an example of a(n)_____ memory.

"I know it! It's um ...um ... ," begins a trivia game contestant excitedly.The contestant is engaged in a test of her _____ memory.

"You'll probably do better on the test if you put more effort into understanding what the chapter's trying to say in the first place," one of your professors admonishes the class.You are reminded of the _____ theory of memory retrieval.

Tommy is repeating a series of digits in the order in which he heard an experimenter read them.The experimenter is testing the capacity of Tommy's _____ memory.Tommy should be able to repeat about _____ digits correctly.

Which of the following statements is true of working memory?

Knowing how to serve a badminton birdie is an example of a(n)_____ memory.

Which of the following sequences best reflects the order of stages in the three-stage model of memory?

Chad is puzzling over a difficult question on a multiple-choice sociology test.He re-reads the question,scans the options beneath the question,and glances at other questions on the test.Most likely,Chad is looking for:

Define and provide original examples from your own experience of each of the following types of long-term memory: declarative,procedural,episodic,and semantic.

Activating one memory triggers the activation of related memories in a process known as:

Mental arithmetic entails the activity of both the visual and the verbal stores in working memory;the _____ coordinates the operation of these two subsystems.

Drew is unable to recall whether Lincoln's head faces left or right on the penny.Which of the following is probably the best explanation for Drew's memory failure?

When faced with a list of terms to memorize in one of his college courses,Brendan creates an acrostic-a sentence in which successive words begin with the same letter as the corresponding list word.Formal organizational strategies such as this are termed _____.

_____ memory refers to the initial,momentary storage of information that lasts only an instant.

Which of the following best describes the results of Ebbinghaus's work on forgetting?

Why is it so difficult to retrieve information from long-term memory?

Introduction to Psychology

Psychological Research

Neuroscience and Behavior

Sensation and Perception

States of Consciousness

Memory

Cognition and Language

Intelligence

Motivation and Emotion

Sexuality and Gender

Development

Personality

Health Psychology: Stress Coping and Well-Being

Filters

Tommy is repeating a series of digits in the order in which he heard an experimenter read them.The experimenter is testing the capacity of Tommy's _ memory.Tommy should be able to repeat about _ digits correctly.