Exam 12: Muscle: Mechanisms of Contraction and Neural Control

During skeletal muscle contraction,

Calcium that is needed to activate cross-bridging in smooth muscle mainly comes from

Gap junctions have only been identified in cardiac muscle.

Neurotransmitters are released at neuromuscular junctions to smooth muscle cells.

What type of sensory neuron is associated with a muscle spindle apparatus?

All three types of muscles demonstrate peristaltic contractions.

Fatigue appears to occur due to the reduced ability of the sarcoplasmic reticulum release of Ca²⁺ with neural stimulation.

In regards to the relationship between resting muscle fiber length and tension generated,

What enzyme is needed to start the cross bridging process?

The staircase effect or _____ represents a warm up effect due to increasing intracellular calcium concentrations.

During skeletal muscle contraction,adjacent _________ are pulled closer together as the _______ between them shorten.

Sarcomeres contain elastic titin filaments which help the muscles return to their resting length during muscle relaxation.

Endurance training results in increased

Damage to the __________ nerve root would prevent the muscle spindle from transmitting information to the central nervous system.

Which of the following is needed for the myosin head to undergo a power stroke?

Primary,annulospiral endings are found associated with

Lower motor neurons are found in the lower part of the brain.

The specialized region of the sarcolemma at the neuromuscular junction is called the

The pumps that actively transport calcium back into the _______ are called Ca²⁺ -ATPase pumps.

Muscle hypertrophy is due to