Question 1

For variables measured at the ordinal level,gamma measures

Accepted Answer

A) the statistical significance of the relationship. 
B) the proportional reduction in error gained by predicting one variable while taking the other into account. 
C) the relative importance of each variable to the association. 
D) all of these 
A) the statistical significance of the relationship. 
B) the proportional reduction in error gained by predicting one variable while taking the other into account. 
C) the relative importance of each variable to the association. 
D) all of these B

Question 2

If we cannot reduce our errors of prediction for the order of pairs of cases on one variable by predicting from the order of pairs of cases on the other variable

Accepted Answer

A) gamma will be zero. 
B) the association is moderate in strength. 
C) the relationship is positive. 
D) the relationship is negative. 
A) gamma will be zero. 
B) the association is moderate in strength. 
C) the relationship is positive. 
D) the relationship is negative. A

Question 3

In the formula for gamma,Ns represents the number of pairs of cases

Accepted Answer

A) in all similar cells. 
B) ranked the same on both variables. 
C) in all cells. 
D) that have the same score. 
A) in all similar cells. 
B) ranked the same on both variables. 
C) in all cells. 
D) that have the same score. B

Question 4

A study of the effects of fluoride in the water supply on level of calcium deficiency in women found a Spearman's rho of +0.30.Our PRE for this relationship is

Accepted Answer

A) 30%. 
B) 90%. 
C) 3%. 
D) 9%. 
A) 30%. 
B) 90%. 
C) 3%. 
D) 9%.

Question 5

In computing Spearman's rho,the sum of the D column must be

Accepted Answer

A) 1 
B) N 
C) 0 
D) the mean rank squared 
A) 1 
B) N 
C) 0 
D) the mean rank squared

Question 6

Ordinal level scales measuring religiosity and personal happiness range from 0 to 100.Which measure of association would be most appropriate to assess the relationship between these two variables?

Accepted Answer

A) chi square 
B) phi 
C) gamma 
D) Spearman's rho 
A) chi square 
B) phi 
C) gamma 
D) Spearman's rho

Question 7

In the case of gamma,a negative relationship means that

Accepted Answer

A) if case A ranks below case B on one variable,case A will rank below case B on the other variable. 
B) if case A ranks above case B on one variable,it will rank below case B on the other variable. 
C) if case A ranks above case B on one variable,it will rank above case B on the other variable. 
D) the ranking of cases will be unrelateD. 
A) if case A ranks below case B on one variable,case A will rank below case B on the other variable. 
B) if case A ranks above case B on one variable,it will rank below case B on the other variable. 
C) if case A ranks above case B on one variable,it will rank above case B on the other variable. 
D) the ranking of cases will be unrelateD.

Question 8

A researcher has computed a gamma of -0.45 between marital happiness and number of children.What can she conclude?

Accepted Answer

A) Families with more children are happier.This is a moderate relationship 
B) Children have a strong,positive influence on levels of marital happiness 
C) There is a moderate,negative relationship between number of children and marital happiness. 
D) There is a weak,negative relationship between the variables. 
A) Families with more children are happier.This is a moderate relationship 
B) Children have a strong,positive influence on levels of marital happiness 
C) There is a moderate,negative relationship between number of children and marital happiness. 
D) There is a weak,negative relationship between the variables.

Question 9

$\begin{array}{|l|l|l|l|}
\hline \text { Table 13.1 Suppot for  } \
\text { Restrictive Immigration  } \
\text { Policy by Education } \
\hline&\text { EDUCATION }\
\hline \text { SUPPORT } & \text { Less than High School } & \text { High School } & \text { College } \
\hline \text { Low } & 60 & 30 & 10 \
\hline \text { Neutral } & 20 & 30 & 20 \
\hline \text { High } & 10 & 40 & 70 \
\hline&100\% &100\%  &100\%  \
\hline
\end{array}$
Table 13.1 shows a relationship between education and support for a policy to restrict immigration to the United States.The relationship between education and opposition is

Accepted Answer

A) positive. 
B) negative. 
C) neither a positive nor negative relationship since the variables are measured at the nominal level. 
D) none of these. 
A) positive. 
B) negative. 
C) neither a positive nor negative relationship since the variables are measured at the nominal level. 
D) none of these.

Question 10

Gamma ranges from

Accepted Answer

A) 0 to 1. 
B) 1 to 100. 
C) 0 to -1. 
D) -1 to +1. 
A) 0 to 1. 
B) 1 to 100. 
C) 0 to -1. 
D) -1 to +1.

Question 11

A researcher is interested in the relationship between social class (measured as upper,middle,or lower)and support (measured as strong,moderate,or weak)for a program of welfare reform.An appropriate measure of association for these two variables would be

Accepted Answer

A) Spearman's rho. 
B) Phi. 
C) Pearson's r. 
D) Gamma. 
A) Spearman's rho. 
B) Phi. 
C) Pearson's r. 
D) Gamma.

Question 12

Is there an association between support for the legalization of marijuana and age? Calculate percentages and gamma for the table below and write a sentence or two assessing the strength and direction of the relationship.
 $\begin{array}{|l|l|l|l|l|l|}
\hline&&\text { Age }\
\hline&& \text { Less than } 35 & 35-50 & 50 \text { and Odder } \
\hline \text { Support }&\text { InFavor } & 36 & 23 & 17 & 76 \
\hline& \text { Neutral } & 20 & 17 & 16 & 53 \
\hline &\text { Opposed } & 10 & 18 & 36 & 64 \
\hline && 66 & 58 & 69 & 193 \
\hline
\end{array}$

Accepted Answer

Percentages are repo

Question 13

Since gamma is a PRE measure,it tells us

Accepted Answer

A) the improvement in predicting the order of pairs of cases by taking the dependent variable (Y)into account. 
B) the improvement in predicting the order of pairs of cases by taking the independent variable (X)into account. 
C) how much better off we are by knowing the value of the independent variable. 
D) how much is gained by having full knowledge of both scores for each case. 
A) the improvement in predicting the order of pairs of cases by taking the dependent variable (Y)into account. 
B) the improvement in predicting the order of pairs of cases by taking the independent variable (X)into account. 
C) how much better off we are by knowing the value of the independent variable. 
D) how much is gained by having full knowledge of both scores for each case.

Question 14

In the formula for gamma,Nd represents the number of pairs of cases

Accepted Answer

A) in all dissimilar cells. 
B) ranked differently on both variables. 
C) with low scores. 
D) that have different scores on either variable. 
A) in all dissimilar cells. 
B) ranked differently on both variables. 
C) with low scores. 
D) that have different scores on either variable.

Question 15

The lowest possible value (indicating the weakest possible relationship)for gamma is

Accepted Answer

A) -1.00. 
B) -10.00. 
C) 0.05. 
D) 0. 
A) -1.00. 
B) -10.00. 
C) 0.05. 
D) 0.

Question 16

For a relationship involving education and library use,gamma was +0.37.This indicates that

Accepted Answer

A) library use increases with education. 
B) the well educated are more likely to purchase books. 
C) as education goes up,people are less likely to go to the library. 
D) people with limited funds have greater need for free public libraries. 
A) library use increases with education. 
B) the well educated are more likely to purchase books. 
C) as education goes up,people are less likely to go to the library. 
D) people with limited funds have greater need for free public libraries.

Question 17

Gamma will be zero if

Accepted Answer

A) the variables are strongly related. 
B) the relationship is negative. 
C) knowledge of the independent variable does not improve our ability to predict the dependent variable. 
D) the scores of each case are symmetrical to the scores of all other cases. 
A) the variables are strongly related. 
B) the relationship is negative. 
C) knowledge of the independent variable does not improve our ability to predict the dependent variable. 
D) the scores of each case are symmetrical to the scores of all other cases.

Question 18

The square of Spearman's rho is the proportional reduction in error when predicting

Accepted Answer

A) rank on one variable from rank on the other variable compared to predicting rank while ignoring the other variable. 
B) the rank of a case from its score. 
C) rank on gamma vs.rank on phi. 
D) score on X while ignoring Y. 
A) rank on one variable from rank on the other variable compared to predicting rank while ignoring the other variable. 
B) the rank of a case from its score. 
C) rank on gamma vs.rank on phi. 
D) score on X while ignoring Y.

Question 19

For a relationship involving education and library use,gamma was +0.37.This relationship is

Accepted Answer

A) weak and positive. 
B) strong and negative. 
C) moderate and positive. 
D) positive and weak. 
A) weak and positive. 
B) strong and negative. 
C) moderate and positive. 
D) positive and weak.

Question 20

Gamma is based on two prediction rules.In the first,we ____ and in the second we ____.

Accepted Answer

A) ignore X;take X into account 
B) ignore Y;take X into account 
C) ignore X;take Y into account 
D) ignore both X and Y;take only Y into account 
A) ignore X;take X into account 
B) ignore Y;take X into account 
C) ignore X;take Y into account 
D) ignore both X and Y;take only Y into account

For variables measured at the ordinal level,gamma measures

If we cannot reduce our errors of prediction for the order of pairs of cases on one variable by predicting from the order of pairs of cases on the other variable

In the formula for gamma,N_s represents the number of pairs of cases

A study of the effects of fluoride in the water supply on level of calcium deficiency in women found a Spearman's rho of +0.30.Our PRE for this relationship is

In computing Spearman's rho,the sum of the D column must be

Ordinal level scales measuring religiosity and personal happiness range from 0 to 100.Which measure of association would be most appropriate to assess the relationship between these two variables?

In the case of gamma,a negative relationship means that

A researcher has computed a gamma of -0.45 between marital happiness and number of children.What can she conclude?

Gamma ranges from

A researcher is interested in the relationship between social class (measured as upper,middle,or lower)and support (measured as strong,moderate,or weak)for a program of welfare reform.An appropriate measure of association for these two variables would be

Since gamma is a PRE measure,it tells us

In the formula for gamma,N_d represents the number of pairs of cases

The lowest possible value (indicating the weakest possible relationship)for gamma is

For a relationship involving education and library use,gamma was +0.37.This indicates that

Gamma will be zero if

The square of Spearman's rho is the proportional reduction in error when predicting

For a relationship involving education and library use,gamma was +0.37.This relationship is

Gamma is based on two prediction rules.In the first,we and in the second we .

Introduction

Basic Descriptive Statistics: Percentages Ratios and Rates Frequency Distributions

Charts and Graphs

Measures of Central Tendency

Measures of Dispersion

The Normal Curve

Introduction in Inferential Statistics, the Sampling Distribution, and Estimation

Hypothesis Testing I: the One-Sample Case

Hypothesis Testing II: the Two-Sample Case

Hypothesis Testing III: the Analysis of Variance

Hypothesis Testing Iv: Chi Square

Introduction to Bivariate Association and Measures of Association for Variables Measured at the Nominal Level

Association Between Variables Measured at the Interval-Ratio Level

Partial Correlation and Multiple Regression and Correlation

Filters

Exam 13: Association Between Variables Measured at the Ordinal Level

For variables measured at the ordinal level,gamma measures

If we cannot reduce our errors of prediction for the order of pairs of cases on one variable by predicting from the order of pairs of cases on the other variable

In the formula for gamma,Ns represents the number of pairs of cases

A study of the effects of fluoride in the water supply on level of calcium deficiency in women found a Spearman's rho of +0.30.Our PRE for this relationship is

In computing Spearman's rho,the sum of the D column must be

Ordinal level scales measuring religiosity and personal happiness range from 0 to 100.Which measure of association would be most appropriate to assess the relationship between these two variables?

In the case of gamma,a negative relationship means that

A researcher has computed a gamma of -0.45 between marital happiness and number of children.What can she conclude?

Gamma ranges from

A researcher is interested in the relationship between social class (measured as upper,middle,or lower)and support (measured as strong,moderate,or weak)for a program of welfare reform.An appropriate measure of association for these two variables would be

Since gamma is a PRE measure,it tells us

In the formula for gamma,Nd represents the number of pairs of cases

The lowest possible value (indicating the weakest possible relationship)for gamma is

For a relationship involving education and library use,gamma was +0.37.This indicates that

Gamma will be zero if

The square of Spearman's rho is the proportional reduction in error when predicting

For a relationship involving education and library use,gamma was +0.37.This relationship is

Gamma is based on two prediction rules.In the first,we ____ and in the second we ____.

Introduction

Basic Descriptive Statistics: Percentages Ratios and Rates Frequency Distributions

Charts and Graphs

Measures of Central Tendency

Measures of Dispersion

The Normal Curve

Introduction in Inferential Statistics, the Sampling Distribution, and Estimation

Hypothesis Testing I: the One-Sample Case

Hypothesis Testing II: the Two-Sample Case

Hypothesis Testing III: the Analysis of Variance

Hypothesis Testing Iv: Chi Square

Introduction to Bivariate Association and Measures of Association for Variables Measured at the Nominal Level

Association Between Variables Measured at the Interval-Ratio Level

Partial Correlation and Multiple Regression and Correlation

Filters

In the formula for gamma,N_s represents the number of pairs of cases

In the formula for gamma,N_d represents the number of pairs of cases

Gamma is based on two prediction rules.In the first,we and in the second we .