Question 1

In terms of the "Great Wheel of Science",statistics are central to the research process

Accepted Answer

A) only between the theory phase and the hypothesis phase. 
B) only between the hypothesis phase and the observation phase. 
C) only between the observation phase and the empirical generalization phase. 
D) only between the empirical generalization phase and the theory phase. 
A) only between the theory phase and the hypothesis phase. 
B) only between the hypothesis phase and the observation phase. 
C) only between the observation phase and the empirical generalization phase. 
D) only between the empirical generalization phase and the theory phase. C

Question 2

An hypothesis differs from a theory in that

Accepted Answer

A) it is "testable." 
B) it is true. 
C) it is more speculative. 
D) it is more abstract. 
A) it is "testable." 
B) it is true. 
C) it is more speculative. 
D) it is more abstract. A

Question 3

The number of years that a couple has been happily married is an example of

Accepted Answer

A) nominal level datA. 
B) ordinal level data. 
C) interval-ratio level data. 
D) ordinary level data. 
A) nominal level datA. 
B) ordinal level data. 
C) interval-ratio level data. 
D) ordinary level data. C

Question 4

A theory differs from a hypothesis in that it is more

Accepted Answer

A) testable. 
B) specific. 
C) general. 
D) concrete. 
A) testable. 
B) specific. 
C) general. 
D) concrete.

Question 5

Below are some items from a survey.For each item,identify the level of measurement and explain your reasoning.

Accepted Answer

a.Nominal
b.Interval

Question 6

Select the variable(s)that can be measured at the interval-ratio level

Accepted Answer

A) different types of crimes. 
B) number of children in a family. 
C) attractiveness of a person. 
D) emotional stability. 
A) different types of crimes. 
B) number of children in a family. 
C) attractiveness of a person. 
D) emotional stability.

Question 7

In the research process,the role of statistics is limited because

Accepted Answer

A) numbers don't prove anything. 
B) of possible flaws in research design or method. 
C) the researcher may not be a mathematician. 
D) people lie when answering questionnaires. 
A) numbers don't prove anything. 
B) of possible flaws in research design or method. 
C) the researcher may not be a mathematician. 
D) people lie when answering questionnaires.

Question 8

"Ninety percent of dorm residents approved a proposed ban on smoking." This statement is an example of the use of

Accepted Answer

A) inferential statistics. 
B) univariate descriptive statistics. 
C) multivariate descriptive statistics. 
D) inductive statistics. 
A) inferential statistics. 
B) univariate descriptive statistics. 
C) multivariate descriptive statistics. 
D) inductive statistics.

Question 9

Which of the following is NOT a nominal level variable?

Accepted Answer

A) level of education 
B) zip code 
C) occupation 
D) make of auto 
A) level of education 
B) zip code 
C) occupation 
D) make of auto

Question 10

As we move up the left-hand side of the "Great Wheel of Science" we become more

Accepted Answer

A) specific. 
B) general. 
C) empirical. 
D) quantitative. 
A) specific. 
B) general. 
C) empirical. 
D) quantitative.

Question 11

Some research situations are summarized below.For each situation,identify all variables and characterize them in terms of level of measurement and,if applicable,identify which variables are dependent and which are independent.Explain your reasoning.What statistical application is being used?
a.A group of one hundred students are asked for their high school and college GPAs. The GPAs are then compared to see if there is any relationship between them.
b.A candidate for student body president telephones a randomly selected sample of students and asks about their opinion of the system used for course evaluation. Each student is asked if they strongly support, moderately support, or do not support the system. The candidate then uses this information to characterize the opinions of the entire student body
c.From what regions of the nation does the college football program recruit players? A researcher ascertains the hometowns of every member of the team for the past ten years.
d.Which sport on campus has the players with the highest GPAs? The academic records of randomly selected samples of athletes from all sports are compared to answer this question.
e.Is academic achievement associated with any "background" variables? Information on a sample of students is collected. The information includes GPA, age, sex, major, years of schooling completed by both parents, and marital status of the student.

Accepted Answer

a.The variables are HS and college GPAs,

Question 12

An hypothesis states,in part,that "income increases as education increases." In this statement,income is

Accepted Answer

A) the dependent variable. 
B) the independent variable. 
C) the hypothetical variable. 
D) the secondary variable. 
A) the dependent variable. 
B) the independent variable. 
C) the hypothetical variable. 
D) the secondary variable.

Question 13

If people who habitually drive over the speed limit have more fatal accidents,then speed is

Accepted Answer

A) an independent variable. 
B) the dependent variable. 
C) an effect or result variable. 
D) none of these. 
A) an independent variable. 
B) the dependent variable. 
C) an effect or result variable. 
D) none of these.

Question 14

The data reduction process of descriptive statistics

Accepted Answer

A) allows a few meaningful numbers to summarize a large amount of datA. 
B) eliminates incorrect data. 
C) simply lists all available information in order. 
D) is rarely useD. 
A) allows a few meaningful numbers to summarize a large amount of datA. 
B) eliminates incorrect data. 
C) simply lists all available information in order. 
D) is rarely useD.

Question 15

In social research,the purpose of statistics is to

Accepted Answer

A) prove that the research theory is correct. 
B) validate the research project design. 
C) manipulate and analyze data. 
D) ensure acceptance by the scientific community. 
A) prove that the research theory is correct. 
B) validate the research project design. 
C) manipulate and analyze data. 
D) ensure acceptance by the scientific community.

Question 16

In terms of the Wheel of Science,a hypothesis is derived from ____ and leads to ____.

Accepted Answer

A) statistics;observation 
B) theory;generalizations 
C) observation;generalizations 
D) theory;observation 
A) statistics;observation 
B) theory;generalizations 
C) observation;generalizations 
D) theory;observation

Question 17

A researcher has calculated the mean for a variable that is ordinal in level of measurement.

Accepted Answer

A) This operation is a violation of level of measurement criterion and the results should be disregarded 
B) This violation of level of measurement criterion is common and results should be treated with caution 
C) No violation has occurred;this is a perfectly acceptable application of statistics 
D) This is a mistake;means should never be calculated for ordinal variables because they are always continuous. 
A) This operation is a violation of level of measurement criterion and the results should be disregarded 
B) This violation of level of measurement criterion is common and results should be treated with caution 
C) No violation has occurred;this is a perfectly acceptable application of statistics 
D) This is a mistake;means should never be calculated for ordinal variables because they are always continuous.

Question 18

If people who eat at fast food restaurants become obese,obesity is

Accepted Answer

A) an independent variable. 
B) a causal variable. 
C) a dependent variable. 
D) none of these. 
A) an independent variable. 
B) a causal variable. 
C) a dependent variable. 
D) none of these.

Question 19

A hypothesis states,in part,that "income increases as education increases." In this statement,education is

Accepted Answer

A) the dependent variable. 
B) the independent variable. 
C) the hypothetical variable. 
D) the secondary variable. 
A) the dependent variable. 
B) the independent variable. 
C) the hypothetical variable. 
D) the secondary variable.

Question 20

Which of the following mathematical operations are permitted with interval-ratio level variables?

Accepted Answer

A) addition 
B) subtraction 
C) division 
D) all of these 
A) addition 
B) subtraction 
C) division 
D) all of these

In terms of the "Great Wheel of Science",statistics are central to the research process

An hypothesis differs from a theory in that

The number of years that a couple has been happily married is an example of

A theory differs from a hypothesis in that it is more

Below are some items from a survey.For each item,identify the level of measurement and explain your reasoning.

Select the variable(s)that can be measured at the interval-ratio level

In the research process,the role of statistics is limited because

"Ninety percent of dorm residents approved a proposed ban on smoking." This statement is an example of the use of

Which of the following is NOT a nominal level variable?

As we move up the left-hand side of the "Great Wheel of Science" we become more

An hypothesis states,in part,that "income increases as education increases." In this statement,income is

If people who habitually drive over the speed limit have more fatal accidents,then speed is

The data reduction process of descriptive statistics

In social research,the purpose of statistics is to

In terms of the Wheel of Science,a hypothesis is derived from and leads to .

A researcher has calculated the mean for a variable that is ordinal in level of measurement.

If people who eat at fast food restaurants become obese,obesity is

A hypothesis states,in part,that "income increases as education increases." In this statement,education is

Which of the following mathematical operations are permitted with interval-ratio level variables?

Basic Descriptive Statistics: Percentages Ratios and Rates Frequency Distributions

Charts and Graphs

Measures of Central Tendency

Measures of Dispersion

The Normal Curve

Introduction in Inferential Statistics, the Sampling Distribution, and Estimation

Hypothesis Testing I: the One-Sample Case

Hypothesis Testing II: the Two-Sample Case

Hypothesis Testing III: the Analysis of Variance

Hypothesis Testing Iv: Chi Square

Introduction to Bivariate Association and Measures of Association for Variables Measured at the Nominal Level

Association Between Variables Measured at the Ordinal Level

Association Between Variables Measured at the Interval-Ratio Level

Partial Correlation and Multiple Regression and Correlation

Filters

Exam 1: Introduction

In terms of the "Great Wheel of Science",statistics are central to the research process

An hypothesis differs from a theory in that

The number of years that a couple has been happily married is an example of

A theory differs from a hypothesis in that it is more

Below are some items from a survey.For each item,identify the level of measurement and explain your reasoning.

Select the variable(s)that can be measured at the interval-ratio level

In the research process,the role of statistics is limited because

"Ninety percent of dorm residents approved a proposed ban on smoking." This statement is an example of the use of

Which of the following is NOT a nominal level variable?

As we move up the left-hand side of the "Great Wheel of Science" we become more

An hypothesis states,in part,that "income increases as education increases." In this statement,income is

If people who habitually drive over the speed limit have more fatal accidents,then speed is

The data reduction process of descriptive statistics

In social research,the purpose of statistics is to

In terms of the Wheel of Science,a hypothesis is derived from ____ and leads to ____.

A researcher has calculated the mean for a variable that is ordinal in level of measurement.

If people who eat at fast food restaurants become obese,obesity is

A hypothesis states,in part,that "income increases as education increases." In this statement,education is

Which of the following mathematical operations are permitted with interval-ratio level variables?

Basic Descriptive Statistics: Percentages Ratios and Rates Frequency Distributions

Charts and Graphs

Measures of Central Tendency

Measures of Dispersion

The Normal Curve

Introduction in Inferential Statistics, the Sampling Distribution, and Estimation

Hypothesis Testing I: the One-Sample Case

Hypothesis Testing II: the Two-Sample Case

Hypothesis Testing III: the Analysis of Variance

Hypothesis Testing Iv: Chi Square

Introduction to Bivariate Association and Measures of Association for Variables Measured at the Nominal Level

Association Between Variables Measured at the Ordinal Level

Association Between Variables Measured at the Interval-Ratio Level

Partial Correlation and Multiple Regression and Correlation

Filters

In terms of the Wheel of Science,a hypothesis is derived from and leads to .