Exam 12: Introduction to Bivariate Association and Measures of Association for Variables Measured at the Nominal Level

If the conditional distributions of Y do not change across the categories of X,any measure of association and the maximum difference would be

Measures of association help social scientists accomplish two important goals:

The distribution of scores on the dependent variable for a specific category of the independent variable is called

If the maximum difference is greater than 30,the relationship is

Lambda compares the number of errors of prediction under two separate rules.In the first rule,the independent variable is

The closer the value of a measure of association is to one,

The relationship between measures of association and causal relations between variables may be summarized as

"As the temperature rises,the crime rate increases."

According to the logic of proportional reduction of error (PRE),if two variables are associated then information about the independent variable

In tables larger than 2x2,the upper limit of phi

A researcher can demonstrate a strong association between gender and income.Which variable is independent?

Proportional reduction in error (PRE)measures of association are based on the logic of

A study was made of marital satisfaction experienced by men and women.A phi of .07 was calculated for the relationship between gender and satisfaction.This result shows that

When using bivariate tables to investigate association,researchers should always ____ in addition to analyzing measures of association.

If the conditional distributions of Y change,the variables are

In the formula for Cramer's V,the expression (minimum of r-1,c-1)

Which of the following measures of association is based on the logic of proportional reduction of error (PRE)?

If there is no association between two variables,knowledge of the independent variable

A state is considering legislation to establish a fifteen day waiting period for the purchase of hand guns.A sample of 392 citizens has been questioned regarding their opinions.Is there a relationship between sex and support for this law? Calculate percentages,Phi,and lambda for the table below and write a sentence or two assessing the strength and pattern or direction of the relationship. Sex Male Female Support For 113 145 258 Against 78 56 134 191 201 392

Measures of association provide the researcher with information that