Question 1

To account for color vision,Helmholtz postulated the existence of:

Accepted Answer

A) three types of color receptors corresponding to three primary colors 
B) separate receptors for each wavelength in the visual spectrum 
C) one type of receptor that responded to all of the wavelengths in the visual spectrum 
D) animal spirits 
A) three types of color receptors corresponding to three primary colors 
B) separate receptors for each wavelength in the visual spectrum 
C) one type of receptor that responded to all of the wavelengths in the visual spectrum 
D) animal spirits

Question 2

According to Hering's theory of color vision,if a person stares at a yellow object for a considerable time and then looks at a white sheet of paper,he or she would experience a ____ afterimage.

Accepted Answer

A) yellow 
B) red 
C) green 
D) blue 
A) yellow 
B) red 
C) green 
D) blue

Question 3

According to the ____,energy is never created or lost in a system,but is only transformed from one form to another.

Accepted Answer

A) Bell-Magendie law 
B) vitalist's position 
C) antivitalist's position 
D) principle of conservation of energy 
A) Bell-Magendie law 
B) vitalist's position 
C) antivitalist's position 
D) principle of conservation of energy

Question 4

What stimulated the creation of the new science of physiology?

Accepted Answer

A) growing evidence that there was a discrepancy between objective and subjective reality 
B) often there was not a point-to-point correspondence between physical reality and the psychological experience of it 
C) a desire to know how the mind and the body were related to developments in mathematics 
D) growing evidence that animal spirits did not exist and that vitalism was false 
A) growing evidence that there was a discrepancy between objective and subjective reality 
B) often there was not a point-to-point correspondence between physical reality and the psychological experience of it 
C) a desire to know how the mind and the body were related to developments in mathematics 
D) growing evidence that animal spirits did not exist and that vitalism was false

Question 5

Those before Helmholtz who believed in animal spirits,or a vital force,believed that:

Accepted Answer

A) measuring the speed of nerve conduction was impossible 
B) measuring the speed of nerve conduction may be possible in the future when better technology becomes available 
C) science could not study human life empirically 
D) life could be explained by the interactions of physical and chemical processes alone 
A) measuring the speed of nerve conduction was impossible 
B) measuring the speed of nerve conduction may be possible in the future when better technology becomes available 
C) science could not study human life empirically 
D) life could be explained by the interactions of physical and chemical processes alone

Question 6

Fechner called sensations that occurred below the absolute threshold:

Accepted Answer

A) negative sensations 
B) just noticeable differences 
C) petites perceptions 
D) impossible 
A) negative sensations 
B) just noticeable differences 
C) petites perceptions 
D) impossible

Question 7

Compare and contrast Helmholtz's theory of color vision and Hering's theory of color vision.

Accepted Answer

Helmholtz expanded Müller's doctrine of

Question 8

The belief that educational experiences could be arranged so that they strengthen certain faculties of the mind was called:

Accepted Answer

A) phrenology 
B) formal discipline 
C) faculty psychology 
D) cortical expansion 
A) phrenology 
B) formal discipline 
C) faculty psychology 
D) cortical expansion

Question 9

What is Broca best known for?

Accepted Answer

A) studying the brains of lower animals to learn about human brains 
B) equating cortical size with intelligence 
C) observing a behavioral disorder and then discovering the brain area responsible for that disorder 
D) suggesting the cortex functioned as a whole 
A) studying the brains of lower animals to learn about human brains 
B) equating cortical size with intelligence 
C) observing a behavioral disorder and then discovering the brain area responsible for that disorder 
D) suggesting the cortex functioned as a whole

Question 10

The first quantitative law in psychology was:

Accepted Answer

A) the law of gravity 
B) Weber's law 
C) Broca's law 
D) Hitzig's law 
A) the law of gravity 
B) Weber's law 
C) Broca's law 
D) Hitzig's law

Question 11

Helmholtz found that when individuals with normal sight wore distorted lenses they:

Accepted Answer

A) continued to perceive normally 
B) would make perceptual mistakes at first but then would adapt and perceive normally 
C) would make perceptual mistakes until the lenses came off 
D) could not make any correct judgments of object distances 
A) continued to perceive normally 
B) would make perceptual mistakes at first but then would adapt and perceive normally 
C) would make perceptual mistakes until the lenses came off 
D) could not make any correct judgments of object distances

Question 12

Concerning the rate of nerve conduction,Helmholtz found that:

Accepted Answer

A) it was measurable in frogs but not in humans 
B) it was almost instantaneous and therefore not measurable 
C) not only was it measurable,but it was fairly slow 
D) it was essentially what Müller thought it to be 
A) it was measurable in frogs but not in humans 
B) it was almost instantaneous and therefore not measurable 
C) not only was it measurable,but it was fairly slow 
D) it was essentially what Müller thought it to be

Question 13

Flourens concluded that the cortical hemispheres do not have localized functions.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

Bessel used personal equations to:

Accepted Answer

A) select the astronomers who would work for him 
B) correct differences in the reaction times among various observers 
C) make sure all his assistants had exactly the same reaction times 
D) demonstrate the value of experimental psychology 
A) select the astronomers who would work for him 
B) correct differences in the reaction times among various observers 
C) make sure all his assistants had exactly the same reaction times 
D) demonstrate the value of experimental psychology

Question 15

According to Helmholtz,sensations were combined with the memories of previous experiences to cause perception through the process of:

Accepted Answer

A) unconscious inference 
B) logical deduction 
C) conservation 
D) more than one of the above 
A) unconscious inference 
B) logical deduction 
C) conservation 
D) more than one of the above

Question 16

For Müller,adequate stimulation is defined as:

Accepted Answer

A) stimulation that is above the threshold of awareness 
B) the amount of stimulation that is enough to cause an organism to react 
C) the type of stimulation to which a sensory system is most sensitive 
D) stimulation that causes any sense receptor to fire with equal ease 
A) stimulation that is above the threshold of awareness 
B) the amount of stimulation that is enough to cause an organism to react 
C) the type of stimulation to which a sensory system is most sensitive 
D) stimulation that causes any sense receptor to fire with equal ease

Question 17

Weber called the smallest distance between two points at which a subject reported sensing two points instead of one the:

Accepted Answer

A) just noticeable difference 
B) two-point threshold 
C) psychophysical threshold 
D) localization of experience 
A) just noticeable difference 
B) two-point threshold 
C) psychophysical threshold 
D) localization of experience

Question 18

Concerning Kant's proposed categories of thought,Helmholtz demonstrated that:

Accepted Answer

A) they were innate,as Kant suggested they were 
B) some were innate,but most were learned from experience 
C) they were all derived from experience 
D) the only one that was innate concerned the axioms of geometry 
A) they were innate,as Kant suggested they were 
B) some were innate,but most were learned from experience 
C) they were all derived from experience 
D) the only one that was innate concerned the axioms of geometry

Question 19

It was ____ that provided the link between mental philosophy and the science of psychology.

Accepted Answer

A) astronomy 
B) physiology 
C) Kant's philosophy 
D) Newton 
A) astronomy 
B) physiology 
C) Kant's philosophy 
D) Newton

Question 20

____ is the study of the relationship between physical and psychological events.

Accepted Answer

A) Philosophy 
B) Materialism 
C) Epistemology 
D) Psychophysics 
A) Philosophy 
B) Materialism 
C) Epistemology 
D) Psychophysics

Exam 8: Early Developments in Physiology and the Rise of Experimental Psychology

To account for color vision,Helmholtz postulated the existence of:

According to Hering's theory of color vision,if a person stares at a yellow object for a considerable time and then looks at a white sheet of paper,he or she would experience a ____ afterimage.

According to the ____,energy is never created or lost in a system,but is only transformed from one form to another.

What stimulated the creation of the new science of physiology?

Those before Helmholtz who believed in animal spirits,or a vital force,believed that:

Fechner called sensations that occurred below the absolute threshold:

Compare and contrast Helmholtz's theory of color vision and Hering's theory of color vision.

The belief that educational experiences could be arranged so that they strengthen certain faculties of the mind was called:

What is Broca best known for?

The first quantitative law in psychology was:

Helmholtz found that when individuals with normal sight wore distorted lenses they:

Concerning the rate of nerve conduction,Helmholtz found that:

Flourens concluded that the cortical hemispheres do not have localized functions.

Bessel used personal equations to:

According to Helmholtz,sensations were combined with the memories of previous experiences to cause perception through the process of:

For Müller,adequate stimulation is defined as:

Weber called the smallest distance between two points at which a subject reported sensing two points instead of one the:

Concerning Kant's proposed categories of thought,Helmholtz demonstrated that:

It was ____ that provided the link between mental philosophy and the science of psychology.

____ is the study of the relationship between physical and psychological events.

Introduction

The Early Greek Philosophers

After Aristotle: A Search for the Good Life

The Beginnings of Modern Science and Philosophy

Empiricism,Sensationalism,and Positivism

Rationalism

Romanticism and Existentialism

Voluntarism,Structuralism,and Other Early Approaches to Psychology

The Darwinian Influence

Functionalism

Behaviorism

Neobehaviorism

Gesalt Psychology

Early Diagnosis, Explanation, and Treatment of Mental Illness

Psychoanalysis

Early Alternatives to Psychoanalysis

Humanistic Third-Forcepsychology

Psychobiology

Cognitive Psychology

Contemporary Psychology

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