Question 1

Describe the characteristics of Baconian science and his four sources of error (the idols).

Accepted Answer

Bacon demanded that science be based on

Question 2

Because of his ideas Giordano Bruno was:

Accepted Answer

A) given a position of influence within the church hierarchy 
B) burned at the stake 
C) given mild reprimands by church officials 
D) encouraged to convert from Catholicism to Protestantism 
A) given a position of influence within the church hierarchy 
B) burned at the stake 
C) given mild reprimands by church officials 
D) encouraged to convert from Catholicism to Protestantism

Question 3

Which of the following was true of the Ptolemaic system?

Accepted Answer

A) it was unable to make accurate astronomical predictions 
B) it was unable to make predictions in accordance with the testimony of the senses 
C) it was congenial to Christian theology because it gave humans a central place in the universe 
D) it accepted the heliocentric theory 
A) it was unable to make accurate astronomical predictions 
B) it was unable to make predictions in accordance with the testimony of the senses 
C) it was congenial to Christian theology because it gave humans a central place in the universe 
D) it accepted the heliocentric theory

Question 4

The church readily accepted Descartes' books as supportive of church beliefs.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

Regarding realism versus nominalism,Galileo was a(n):

Accepted Answer

A) realist 
B) nominalist 
C) agnostic 
D) Cynic 
A) realist 
B) nominalist 
C) agnostic 
D) Cynic

Question 6

According to Renaissance humanists,Aristotle's philosophy had:

Accepted Answer

A) become too influential within the church 
B) been almost completely overlooked 
C) made religion too individualistic 
D) renewed interest in the occult 
A) become too influential within the church 
B) been almost completely overlooked 
C) made religion too individualistic 
D) renewed interest in the occult

Question 7

Deduction involves:

Accepted Answer

A) the construction of scientific laws 
B) developing a principle common to several individual observations 
C) predicting a particular even from a general principle 
D) exploring biases that result from blind allegiance to any viewpoint 
A) the construction of scientific laws 
B) developing a principle common to several individual observations 
C) predicting a particular even from a general principle 
D) exploring biases that result from blind allegiance to any viewpoint

Question 8

For Galileo,secondary qualities are pure psychological experiences.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

Galileo believed that consciousness could not be studied objectively.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

All of the following were true of Descartes' philosophy except:

Accepted Answer

A) it demonstrated conclusively that humans could be understood as machines 
B) it brought attention to the mechanical aspects of human behavior 
C) it specified interactionism with such clarity that others could accept or reject it 
D) it stimulated the development of physiological and comparative psychology 
A) it demonstrated conclusively that humans could be understood as machines 
B) it brought attention to the mechanical aspects of human behavior 
C) it specified interactionism with such clarity that others could accept or reject it 
D) it stimulated the development of physiological and comparative psychology

Question 11

Galileo was among the first to conclude that:

Accepted Answer

A) the world of appearance was inferior to a perfect abstract world 
B) a science of psychology (conscious experience)was impossible 
C) secondary qualities were superior to primary qualities 
D) human pleasures,passions,and ambitions can be,and should be,studied objectively 
A) the world of appearance was inferior to a perfect abstract world 
B) a science of psychology (conscious experience)was impossible 
C) secondary qualities were superior to primary qualities 
D) human pleasures,passions,and ambitions can be,and should be,studied objectively

Question 12

During the Renaissance,Europe gradually switched from being ____-centered to being ____-centered.

Accepted Answer

A) God;human 
B) human;God 
C) individual;society 
D) culture;society 
A) God;human 
B) human;God 
C) individual;society 
D) culture;society

Question 13

Descartes had an intellectual crisis when:

Accepted Answer

A) he failed his first university course 
B) he could not embrace God through introspection 
C) it occurred to him that everything he had ever learned was useless 
D) he observed that mechanical statues could perform a complex series of movements 
A) he failed his first university course 
B) he could not embrace God through introspection 
C) it occurred to him that everything he had ever learned was useless 
D) he observed that mechanical statues could perform a complex series of movements

Question 14

Which of the following did not characterize Renaissance humanism?

Accepted Answer

A) great concern with human potential and achievement 
B) an interest in how people think,behave,and feel 
C) an intense interest in the past 
D) a deep appreciation of Aristotelianism 
A) great concern with human potential and achievement 
B) an interest in how people think,behave,and feel 
C) an intense interest in the past 
D) a deep appreciation of Aristotelianism

Question 15

Later in history,Bacon's approach to science was called:

Accepted Answer

A) romanticism 
B) positivism 
C) dialectics 
D) metaphysical 
A) romanticism 
B) positivism 
C) dialectics 
D) metaphysical

Question 16

Skinner and his followers adopted Bacon's positivistic view of science.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

Descartes believed that humans have at least some innate ideas.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

According to Galileo,secondary qualities:

Accepted Answer

A) were inferior to primary qualities 
B) could not be measured objectively 
C) could not be known with certainty 
D) all of these choices 
A) were inferior to primary qualities 
B) could not be measured objectively 
C) could not be known with certainty 
D) all of these choices

Question 19

Discuss Galileo's ideas regarding primary and secondary qualities.

Accepted Answer

Primary qualities are absolute,objective

Question 20

Bacon believed that ____ must precede ____.

Accepted Answer

A) experiments of light;experiments of fruit 
B) experiments of fruit;experiments of light 
C) deduction;induction 
D) the idol of the tribe;the idol of the marketplace 
A) experiments of light;experiments of fruit 
B) experiments of fruit;experiments of light 
C) deduction;induction 
D) the idol of the tribe;the idol of the marketplace

Exam 4: The Beginnings of Modern Science and Philosophy

Describe the characteristics of Baconian science and his four sources of error (the idols).

Because of his ideas Giordano Bruno was:

Which of the following was true of the Ptolemaic system?

The church readily accepted Descartes' books as supportive of church beliefs.

Regarding realism versus nominalism,Galileo was a(n):

According to Renaissance humanists,Aristotle's philosophy had:

Deduction involves:

For Galileo,secondary qualities are pure psychological experiences.

Galileo believed that consciousness could not be studied objectively.

All of the following were true of Descartes' philosophy except:

Galileo was among the first to conclude that:

During the Renaissance,Europe gradually switched from being ____-centered to being ____-centered.

Descartes had an intellectual crisis when:

Which of the following did not characterize Renaissance humanism?

Later in history,Bacon's approach to science was called:

Skinner and his followers adopted Bacon's positivistic view of science.

Descartes believed that humans have at least some innate ideas.

According to Galileo,secondary qualities:

Discuss Galileo's ideas regarding primary and secondary qualities.

Bacon believed that ____ must precede ____.

Introduction

The Early Greek Philosophers

After Aristotle: A Search for the Good Life

Empiricism,Sensationalism,and Positivism

Rationalism

Romanticism and Existentialism

Early Developments in Physiology and the Rise of Experimental Psychology

Voluntarism,Structuralism,and Other Early Approaches to Psychology

The Darwinian Influence

Functionalism

Behaviorism

Neobehaviorism

Gesalt Psychology

Early Diagnosis, Explanation, and Treatment of Mental Illness

Psychoanalysis

Early Alternatives to Psychoanalysis

Humanistic Third-Forcepsychology

Psychobiology

Cognitive Psychology

Contemporary Psychology

Filters

During the Renaissance,Europe gradually switched from being -centered to being -centered.

Bacon believed that must precede .