Question 1

The greatest Roman Stoic,Cicero,believed that:

Accepted Answer

A)  through Christianity, Roman virtue might be transformed into a new system of social ethics. 
B)  Greek philosophy should be replaced with the ideals of republican Rome. 
C)  true happiness comes when one withdraws totally from public life and politics. 
D)  virtue leads to happiness, and peace of mind is the highest goal. 
E)  happiness can come only through the pursuit of worldly pleasures. 
A)  through Christianity, Roman virtue might be transformed into a new system of social ethics. 
B)  Greek philosophy should be replaced with the ideals of republican Rome. 
C)  true happiness comes when one withdraws totally from public life and politics. 
D)  virtue leads to happiness, and peace of mind is the highest goal. 
E)  happiness can come only through the pursuit of worldly pleasures. D

Question 2

What was the role of land in the social struggles of the Late Republic?

Accepted Answer

Soldiers were given land as reward for service,but many found it impossible to make a living on their small plots and sold their land to aristocratic landholders who combined the plots into large plantations worked by slaves.The Gracchi brothers proposed to reduce the social and economic stress by granting government lands to the landless,which would alleviate the cities' burden of the landless poor and would increase the number of landholders,thus increasing the number of men eligible for military service,since all soldiers had to own land to serve.In 133 B.C.E.,Tiberius Gracchus proposed a law that restricted the size of one's land to 300 acres per citizen plus 150 acres per child,thus minimizing the power of the large farms and making land available for the poor.Tiberius Gracchus's reforms highlighted the tension between the wealthy and growing number of poor and acted as a match sparking further reform when,after his murder,his brother stood by the land reform act and used its appeal to enact other reforms,including laws to stabilize the cost of grain,checked corruption in the provinces,gave the equestrian order a judicial role in checking the abuses of the senatorial class,and proposed to give citizenship to vast numbers of Italian allies.

Question 3

The equestrian order (Roman knights)was established when:

Accepted Answer

A)  plebeians complained of limited opportunities for social advancement. 
B)  the army wanted to ensure a steady supply of cavalry officers. 
C)  soldiers demanded recognition for bold deeds in warfare. 
D)  businessmen who did not become senators wanted privileges. 
E)  some patricians wanted to take part in triumphal processions in Rome. 
A)  plebeians complained of limited opportunities for social advancement. 
B)  the army wanted to ensure a steady supply of cavalry officers. 
C)  soldiers demanded recognition for bold deeds in warfare. 
D)  businessmen who did not become senators wanted privileges. 
E)  some patricians wanted to take part in triumphal processions in Rome. D

Question 4

During the early Roman Republic,Rome:

Accepted Answer

A)  relied primarily on mercenary troops from Greece. 
B)  abandoned farming as a means of support and emphasized trade. 
C)  expanded quickly and peacefully into areas that were essentially unoccupied. 
D)  expanded slowly and extended the Latin Right to many of the cities it conquered. 
E)  realized that to survive, it needed to conquer as many other peoples as possible. 
A)  relied primarily on mercenary troops from Greece. 
B)  abandoned farming as a means of support and emphasized trade. 
C)  expanded quickly and peacefully into areas that were essentially unoccupied. 
D)  expanded slowly and extended the Latin Right to many of the cities it conquered. 
E)  realized that to survive, it needed to conquer as many other peoples as possible.

Question 5

Our knowledge of the Etruscans is extensive because of their prolific writing.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

During the Second Punic War,the Carthaginian general Hannibal:

Accepted Answer

A)  was defeated by Roman armies at the battle of Tours in France. 
B)  became the last foreign invader to fight on Rome's home territories. 
C)  won the support of Rome's unhappy Latin allies. 
D)  brought his entire army, including elephants, over the Alps. 
E)  defeated the Roman general Maxentius at the Battle of the Milvian Bridge in Rome. 
A)  was defeated by Roman armies at the battle of Tours in France. 
B)  became the last foreign invader to fight on Rome's home territories. 
C)  won the support of Rome's unhappy Latin allies. 
D)  brought his entire army, including elephants, over the Alps. 
E)  defeated the Roman general Maxentius at the Battle of the Milvian Bridge in Rome.

Question 7

The Gracchi brothers were farmers who pressured the Senate to pass land reform laws in the second century B.C.E.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

Once the Romans had effectively gained control of Italy (265 B.C.E.):

Accepted Answer

A)  they set about standardizing weights and measures, coinage, and taxation. 
B)  they built a commemorative pyramid in the Forum of Rome. 
C)  they started a series of wars for control of the western Mediterranean. 
D)  they conquered Ptolemaic Egypt. 
E)  they stopped any further expansion of their rule. 
A)  they set about standardizing weights and measures, coinage, and taxation. 
B)  they built a commemorative pyramid in the Forum of Rome. 
C)  they started a series of wars for control of the western Mediterranean. 
D)  they conquered Ptolemaic Egypt. 
E)  they stopped any further expansion of their rule.

Question 9

How did the Punic Wars make Rome into an empire?

Accepted Answer

The Punic Wars forced Rome to play a par

Question 10

To what extent did the Romans borrow from Etruscan society in shaping their own?

Accepted Answer

The Etruscans established a confederatio

Question 11

Since the Romans employed slaves for all forms of manual labor:

Accepted Answer

A)  slaves were treated better in Roman civilization than other ancient cultures. 
B)  small farmers found agriculture both profitable and satisfying to their ideals. 
C)  women had little to do and became more dependent on their male relations and slaves. 
D)  no industrial revolution took place, and urban underemployment was common. 
E)  slaves eventually took over the Roman Empire, forcing the Senate to abolish slavery. 
A)  slaves were treated better in Roman civilization than other ancient cultures. 
B)  small farmers found agriculture both profitable and satisfying to their ideals. 
C)  women had little to do and became more dependent on their male relations and slaves. 
D)  no industrial revolution took place, and urban underemployment was common. 
E)  slaves eventually took over the Roman Empire, forcing the Senate to abolish slavery.

Question 12

The Romans were a military society almost from the moment they settled in Italy because:

Accepted Answer

A)  they were used as a slave army by the Etruscans. 
B)  they were continually forced to defend their own conquests against invaders. 
C)  they gained their power by becoming a large mercenary force for hire. 
D)  they had been a colony of Sparta. 
E)  they were the remnants of the army created by Alexander the Great to conquer the West. 
A)  they were used as a slave army by the Etruscans. 
B)  they were continually forced to defend their own conquests against invaders. 
C)  they gained their power by becoming a large mercenary force for hire. 
D)  they had been a colony of Sparta. 
E)  they were the remnants of the army created by Alexander the Great to conquer the West.

Question 13

At the end of the Third Punic War,the surviving Carthaginians were sold into slavery and the ground around Carthage was sown with salt to prohibit anyone from rebuilding the empire.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

Rome was a crucial factor in the development of European civilization because:

Accepted Answer

A)  Latin is the root of all modern European languages. 
B)  Rome connected Europe to the cultural heritage of the Near East. 
C)  Rome rejected Greek traditions and established more equitable democratic institutions. 
D)  Roman drama and epic literature surpassed what had been created earlier. 
E)  Rome passed on to the West the literature and law of Egypt. 
A)  Latin is the root of all modern European languages. 
B)  Rome connected Europe to the cultural heritage of the Near East. 
C)  Rome rejected Greek traditions and established more equitable democratic institutions. 
D)  Roman drama and epic literature surpassed what had been created earlier. 
E)  Rome passed on to the West the literature and law of Egypt.

Question 15

The war between Pompey and Caesar was a direct result of Pompey's election as sole consul in 52 B.C.E.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

The myth of the rape of Lucretia appealed to Roman patriotism by emphasizing:

Accepted Answer

A)  how impure sexual contact was in the ancient world. 
B)  the corruption of Etruscan morals and government. 
C)  the consequences of being ruled by a neglectful husband. 
D)  the benefits of hereditary monarchy. 
E)  the dominance of Romans over all other peoples. 
A)  how impure sexual contact was in the ancient world. 
B)  the corruption of Etruscan morals and government. 
C)  the consequences of being ruled by a neglectful husband. 
D)  the benefits of hereditary monarchy. 
E)  the dominance of Romans over all other peoples.

Question 17

The greatest honor a Roman could hope to achieve was:

Accepted Answer

A)  to follow the moral teachings of the philosophers and gain respect. 
B)  to produce healthy children to populate the expanding empire. 
C)  to care for his father and mother in their old age (senectitude). 
D)  to sacrifice himself, his family, and his friends for the state. 
E)  to have a series of gladiatorial games held in their honor. 
A)  to follow the moral teachings of the philosophers and gain respect. 
B)  to produce healthy children to populate the expanding empire. 
C)  to care for his father and mother in their old age (senectitude). 
D)  to sacrifice himself, his family, and his friends for the state. 
E)  to have a series of gladiatorial games held in their honor.

Question 18

The Twelve Tables of Law,approved in 450 B.C.E.,represent:

Accepted Answer

A)  Rome's borrowing of legal principles from Hammurabi and Moses. 
B)  the first attempt to make all men equal. 
C)  a charter of popular liberties, ending enslavement for debt. 
D)  the codification of existing laws for all to see and obey. 
E)  Rome's acceptance of the legal reforms of Solon. 
A)  Rome's borrowing of legal principles from Hammurabi and Moses. 
B)  the first attempt to make all men equal. 
C)  a charter of popular liberties, ending enslavement for debt. 
D)  the codification of existing laws for all to see and obey. 
E)  Rome's acceptance of the legal reforms of Solon.

Question 19

Virgil's Aeneid built on Homer's epic literature by:

Accepted Answer

A)  emphasizing the superiority of Greek bronze statues. 
B)  predicting that Rome would be a lawless society ruled by warrior kings. 
C)  connecting Roman history to the heroic narrative of the Trojan War. 
D)  prophesying that through Jesus, Rome would be saved. 
E)  continuing the story of the Odyssey. 
A)  emphasizing the superiority of Greek bronze statues. 
B)  predicting that Rome would be a lawless society ruled by warrior kings. 
C)  connecting Roman history to the heroic narrative of the Trojan War. 
D)  prophesying that through Jesus, Rome would be saved. 
E)  continuing the story of the Odyssey.

Question 20

Changes in the Roman law of marriage in the second century B.C.E.meant that:

Accepted Answer

A)  wives retained control of their fathers' property, preserving their independence. 
B)  parental consent was required for marriage, and common consent for divorce. 
C)  husbands remained lords and masters, whereas wives were treated like slaves. 
D)  it was practically impossible for women to educate themselves or their children. 
E)  parental consent for marriage was no longer required: couples could simply marry. 
A)  wives retained control of their fathers' property, preserving their independence. 
B)  parental consent was required for marriage, and common consent for divorce. 
C)  husbands remained lords and masters, whereas wives were treated like slaves. 
D)  it was practically impossible for women to educate themselves or their children. 
E)  parental consent for marriage was no longer required: couples could simply marry.

Exam 5: The Civilization of Ancient Rome

The greatest Roman Stoic,Cicero,believed that:

What was the role of land in the social struggles of the Late Republic?

The equestrian order (Roman knights)was established when:

During the early Roman Republic,Rome:

Our knowledge of the Etruscans is extensive because of their prolific writing.

During the Second Punic War,the Carthaginian general Hannibal:

The Gracchi brothers were farmers who pressured the Senate to pass land reform laws in the second century B.C.E.

Once the Romans had effectively gained control of Italy (265 B.C.E.):

How did the Punic Wars make Rome into an empire?

To what extent did the Romans borrow from Etruscan society in shaping their own?

Since the Romans employed slaves for all forms of manual labor:

The Romans were a military society almost from the moment they settled in Italy because:

At the end of the Third Punic War,the surviving Carthaginians were sold into slavery and the ground around Carthage was sown with salt to prohibit anyone from rebuilding the empire.

Rome was a crucial factor in the development of European civilization because:

The war between Pompey and Caesar was a direct result of Pompey's election as sole consul in 52 B.C.E.

The myth of the rape of Lucretia appealed to Roman patriotism by emphasizing:

The greatest honor a Roman could hope to achieve was:

The Twelve Tables of Law,approved in 450 B.C.E.,represent:

Virgil's Aeneid built on Homer's epic literature by:

Changes in the Roman law of marriage in the second century B.C.E.meant that:

Early Civilizations

Peoples,Gods,and Empires: 1700–500 B.C.E

The Civilization of Greece,1000–400 B.C.E

The Greek World Expands,400–150 B.C.E

The Transformation of Rome

Rome’s Three Heirs: 500–950

The Expansion of Europe,950–1100

The Consolidation of Europe,1100–1300

Crisis,Unrest,and Opportunity,1300–1500

Commerce,Conquest,and Colonization,1300–1600

Renaissance Ideals and Realities,c.1350–1550

The Age of Dissent and Division,1500–1600

Religion,Warfare,and Sovereignty: 1540–1660

Absolutism and Empire,1660–1789

The New Science of the Seventeenth Century

The Enlightenment

The French Revolution

The Industrial Revolution and Nineteenth-Century Society

From Restoration to Revolution,1815–1848

What Is a Nation? Territories,States,and Citizens,1848–1871

Imperialism and Colonialism,1870–1914

Modern Industry and Mass Politics,1870–1914

The First World War

Turmoil between the Wars

The Second World War

The Cold War World: Global Politics,Economic Recovery,and Cultural Change

Red Flags and Velvet Revolutions: The End of the Cold War,1960–1990

A World without Walls: Globalization and the West

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