Question 1

Voltaire's reputation stemmed not from his philosophy,but from his effectiveness as an advocate.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  True

Question 2

How did the writers and thinkers of the Enlightenment deal with the topic of slavery?

Accepted Answer

Enlightenment thinking began with the premise that individuals could reason and govern themselves.Slavery defied natural law and natural freedom.Nearly all Enlightenment thinkers condemned slavery in a metaphorical sense and several of their works portrayed enslaved people,but for the most part,Enlightenment thinkers skirted the issue of slavery.Some,such as Adam Smith and Voltaire,spoke out,but even Voltaire did not question the belief that African peoples were inferior peoples.Some others justified slavery as a necessary evil to support labor or as a property right.The Encyclopedia's article on slavery condemned it in clear terms; however,going from deploring slavery to envisioning 6 million free slaves was a large step that few took.Enlightenment even went so far as to condone slavery,asserting that people were a product of their environment,and so slaves had been corrupted by the corrupt institution,had their natural virtue destroyed and their natural love of liberty crushed,and so weren't ready for freedom.

Question 3

A philosophe may be defined as an individual who was a [an]:

Accepted Answer

A)  free thinker. 
B)  trained philosopher. 
C)  ordained cleric. 
D)  member of the nobility. 
E)  philosopher by avocation. 
A)  free thinker. 
B)  trained philosopher. 
C)  ordained cleric. 
D)  member of the nobility. 
E)  philosopher by avocation. A

Question 4

How did the Enlightenment affect the lower classes of Europe?

Accepted Answer

For the most part,the lower classes of E

Question 5

One of the most remarkable publications of prerevolutionary France was Denis Diderot's:

Accepted Answer

A)  The Spirit of the Laws. 
B)  Philosophical Letters. 
C)  Nathan the Wise. 
D)  Encyclopedia. 
E)  Candide. 
A)  The Spirit of the Laws. 
B)  Philosophical Letters. 
C)  Nathan the Wise. 
D)  Encyclopedia. 
E)  Candide.

Question 6

The end that Enlightenment thinkers sought was summarized by Alexander Pope in his Essay on Man when he wrote,"the science of human nature [may be] like all other sciences reduced to:

Accepted Answer

A)  sound and fury signifying nothing." 
B)  a few clear points." 
C)  theology." 
D)  a single equation." 
E)  terms understandable to all." 
A)  sound and fury signifying nothing." 
B)  a few clear points." 
C)  theology." 
D)  a single equation." 
E)  terms understandable to all."

Question 7

Most Enlightenment thinkers who might be labeled as deists were theists; of the few who were atheists,the most famous was:

Accepted Answer

A)  Voltaire. 
B)  Moses Mendelssohn. 
C)  Gotthold Lessing. 
D)  Baron de Montesquieu. 
E)  Paul Henri d'Holbach. 
A)  Voltaire. 
B)  Moses Mendelssohn. 
C)  Gotthold Lessing. 
D)  Baron de Montesquieu. 
E)  Paul Henri d'Holbach.

Question 8

In general,the philosophes considered Judaism and Islam:

Accepted Answer

A)  as religions in need of rational reform. 
B)  to be enlightened partners in human progress. 
C)  superstitious and backward religions. 
D)  the objects of necessary persecutions. 
E)  the equal of Christianity as all were religions "of the Book." 
A)  as religions in need of rational reform. 
B)  to be enlightened partners in human progress. 
C)  superstitious and backward religions. 
D)  the objects of necessary persecutions. 
E)  the equal of Christianity as all were religions "of the Book."

Question 9

What impact did the Enlightenment have on government in the eighteenth century?

Accepted Answer

The Enlightenment was a powerful and pub

Question 10

Although much exploration was carried out by the French and the English,people from many other nations participated in the exploration of the New World.One of these,_________,was hailed by Charles Darwin as "the greatest scientific traveler who ever lived."

Accepted Answer

A)  Moses Mendelssohn 
B)  Paul Henri d'Holbach 
C)  Immanuel Kant 
D)  Gotthold Lessing 
E)  Alexander von Humboldt 
A)  Moses Mendelssohn 
B)  Paul Henri d'Holbach 
C)  Immanuel Kant 
D)  Gotthold Lessing 
E)  Alexander von Humboldt

Question 11

Due to the high regard the philosophes such as Voltaire had for England,English became the language of the Enlightenment.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

What was the effect of print culture on the eighteenth century?

Accepted Answer

Much of the success of the Enlightenment

Question 13

The Enlightenment was not only a western European trend in thinking,it was also found in central and southern Europe.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

Although not well understood when first published in the eighteenth century,Jean-Jacques Rousseau's book,_________,would become very influential during the French Revolution later in the same century.

Accepted Answer

A)  The Social Contract 
B)  Julie 
C)  Emile 
D)  La Nouvelle Helios 
E)  Meditations on a First Philosophy 
A)  The Social Contract 
B)  Julie 
C)  Emile 
D)  La Nouvelle Helios 
E)  Meditations on a First Philosophy

Question 15

Even with the literacy rate that Europe enjoyed,formal schooling remained a goal yet to be attained.For example,by the end of the eighteenth century in Russia,only _________ out of a population of 40 million had attended any kind of school.

Accepted Answer

A)  12,000 
B)  22,000 
C)  32,000 
D)  42,000 
E)  62,000 
A)  12,000 
B)  22,000 
C)  32,000 
D)  42,000 
E)  62,000

Question 16

Deism,the "religion" of the Enlightenment,expressed the belief that:

Accepted Answer

A)  there is no God. 
B)  humankind is predestined to either heaven or hell. 
C)  God created the universe, but no longer took any active interest in it. 
D)  Catholicism had become too liberal and a return to true Christianity was needed. 
E)  humankind can know God only through nature. 
A)  there is no God. 
B)  humankind is predestined to either heaven or hell. 
C)  God created the universe, but no longer took any active interest in it. 
D)  Catholicism had become too liberal and a return to true Christianity was needed. 
E)  humankind can know God only through nature.

Question 17

With the rise in literacy and the book business in the eighteenth century,censorship:

Accepted Answer

A)  was surprisingly nonexistent. 
B)  was institutional throughout Europe. 
C)  was uneven in its implementation. 
D)  was left to the Roman Catholic Church. 
E)  was applied only to books for children. 
A)  was surprisingly nonexistent. 
B)  was institutional throughout Europe. 
C)  was uneven in its implementation. 
D)  was left to the Roman Catholic Church. 
E)  was applied only to books for children.

Question 18

The genesis of the Enlightenment may be found in the:

Accepted Answer

A)  Protestant Reformation of the sixteenth century. 
B)  Catholic Reformation of the seventeenth century. 
C)  scientific revolution of the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries. 
D)  writings of Voltaire and Rousseau. 
E)  art of the High Renaissance. 
A)  Protestant Reformation of the sixteenth century. 
B)  Catholic Reformation of the seventeenth century. 
C)  scientific revolution of the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries. 
D)  writings of Voltaire and Rousseau. 
E)  art of the High Renaissance.

Question 19

According to Lessing,religion is authentic or true only insofar as it makes the believer virtuous.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

Rousseau argued that men and women should receive the same education to enable them to be and create good citizens.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Exam 17: The Enlightenment

Voltaire's reputation stemmed not from his philosophy,but from his effectiveness as an advocate.

How did the writers and thinkers of the Enlightenment deal with the topic of slavery?

A philosophe may be defined as an individual who was a [an]:

How did the Enlightenment affect the lower classes of Europe?

One of the most remarkable publications of prerevolutionary France was Denis Diderot's:

The end that Enlightenment thinkers sought was summarized by Alexander Pope in his Essay on Man when he wrote,"the science of human nature [may be] like all other sciences reduced to:

Most Enlightenment thinkers who might be labeled as deists were theists; of the few who were atheists,the most famous was:

In general,the philosophes considered Judaism and Islam:

What impact did the Enlightenment have on government in the eighteenth century?

Although much exploration was carried out by the French and the English,people from many other nations participated in the exploration of the New World.One of these,_________,was hailed by Charles Darwin as "the greatest scientific traveler who ever lived."

Due to the high regard the philosophes such as Voltaire had for England,English became the language of the Enlightenment.

What was the effect of print culture on the eighteenth century?

The Enlightenment was not only a western European trend in thinking,it was also found in central and southern Europe.

Although not well understood when first published in the eighteenth century,Jean-Jacques Rousseau's book,_________,would become very influential during the French Revolution later in the same century.

Even with the literacy rate that Europe enjoyed,formal schooling remained a goal yet to be attained.For example,by the end of the eighteenth century in Russia,only _________ out of a population of 40 million had attended any kind of school.

Deism,the "religion" of the Enlightenment,expressed the belief that:

With the rise in literacy and the book business in the eighteenth century,censorship:

The genesis of the Enlightenment may be found in the:

According to Lessing,religion is authentic or true only insofar as it makes the believer virtuous.

Rousseau argued that men and women should receive the same education to enable them to be and create good citizens.

Early Civilizations

Peoples,Gods,and Empires: 1700–500 B.C.E

The Civilization of Greece,1000–400 B.C.E

The Greek World Expands,400–150 B.C.E

The Civilization of Ancient Rome

The Transformation of Rome

Rome’s Three Heirs: 500–950

The Expansion of Europe,950–1100

The Consolidation of Europe,1100–1300

Crisis,Unrest,and Opportunity,1300–1500

Commerce,Conquest,and Colonization,1300–1600

Renaissance Ideals and Realities,c.1350–1550

The Age of Dissent and Division,1500–1600

Religion,Warfare,and Sovereignty: 1540–1660

Absolutism and Empire,1660–1789

The New Science of the Seventeenth Century

The French Revolution

The Industrial Revolution and Nineteenth-Century Society

From Restoration to Revolution,1815–1848

What Is a Nation? Territories,States,and Citizens,1848–1871

Imperialism and Colonialism,1870–1914

Modern Industry and Mass Politics,1870–1914

The First World War

Turmoil between the Wars

The Second World War

The Cold War World: Global Politics,Economic Recovery,and Cultural Change

Red Flags and Velvet Revolutions: The End of the Cold War,1960–1990

A World without Walls: Globalization and the West

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