Exam 9: The Consolidation of Europe,1100–1300

Anselm argued that:

In emotional or expressive terms,the Gothic cathedral can best be thought of as:

Compared to the popes active in the early Middle Ages,popes in the High Middle Ages were:

Twelfth-century literature focused on courtly themes and motifs and avoided discussion of the profane and mundane.

The rapid growth of monastic houses,such as the Cistercians,in the twelfth century meant that more men were becoming monks and that:

Eleanor of Aquitaine was a central character in the development of:

In the late Middle Ages,people looked to the papacy rather than the state to spearhead campaigns of spiritual reform.

Twelfth-century popes,like their secular counterparts,sought to establish their authority by building and expanding bureaucratic structures to increase papal visibility and to show it in the daily lives of all Christians.

Courtly love was evidence of the rising position of women in the late Middle Ages.

Compared to Saint Augustine,Saint Thomas Aquinas seems to have:

In addition to the expansion of "Inquisition" trials,what mechanism did the Latin Church use to control popular heresy in the thirteenth century?

Before the year 1000,most priests and monks were married.

The tradition of French administration that balanced local diversity of custom with bureaucratic centralization in Paris began with:

Chivalry:

Frederick Barbarossa:

The increasing persecution of European Jews in the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries should be interpreted in the context of:

To preserve their political independence,the popes of the twelfth and thirteenth centuries:

Waldes's reform movement in the late twelfth century was considered heretical by the Church because the Waldensians did not:

One of the most popular saints and most powerful saint's cults in the Middle Ages was the Virgin Mary.

The goal of Abelard's philosophical works was to show that the Bible is infallible,though many at the time thought he was seeking to embarrass authority.