Question 1

What was the role of the peasant in Russian society and government?

Accepted Answer

In 1750,nearly half of all Russian peasants were serfs who belonged to the lands of the nobility,and the other half were state peasants who lived on the lands of the tsar.State peasants could serve as conscripted soldiers in the tsar's army,and be drafted as workers in his factories or as forced labor in his building projects.Thus the greatest amount of work done to expand Russia economically,geographically,and culturally was done with the labor of peasants.The reliance on the peasants to fill all these necessary positions shaped Russia for centuries to come,limiting the growth of industry and technology as the wide labor base made it unnecessary and keeping the middle class,which had been so powerful in the West,small.

Question 2

The power within Europe was gradually shifting toward the East during the eighteenth century with the rise of Prussia and Russia.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  False

Question 3

The Portuguese and the Spanish had begun modern European colonization,but by the mid-eighteenth century the European leaders were the:

Accepted Answer

A)  Dutch and the English. 
B)  Dutch and the French. 
C)  French and the English. 
D)  French and the Germans. 
E)  English and the Germans. 
A)  Dutch and the English. 
B)  Dutch and the French. 
C)  French and the English. 
D)  French and the Germans. 
E)  English and the Germans. C

Question 4

The government of France under Louis XIV would be best described as:

Accepted Answer

A)  highly centralized, with everyone being appointed by and reporting to the king. 
B)  highly decentralized: Louis appointed able people and left them to do their jobs. 
C)  chaotic, with no clear lines of authority or responsibility. 
D)  uneven, as every government official simply tried to do what they thought the king wanted. 
E)  a constitutional monarchy, with a system of checks and balances between the different branches. 
A)  highly centralized, with everyone being appointed by and reporting to the king. 
B)  highly decentralized: Louis appointed able people and left them to do their jobs. 
C)  chaotic, with no clear lines of authority or responsibility. 
D)  uneven, as every government official simply tried to do what they thought the king wanted. 
E)  a constitutional monarchy, with a system of checks and balances between the different branches.

Question 5

The cultivation of New World sugar and tobacco depended on:

Accepted Answer

A)  slave labor. 
B)  new European technologies, such as the steam-powered turbine. 
C)  relative peace and cooperation among European nations. 
D)  cotton and rum plantations. 
E)  constant development of hybrid strains of the crops. 
A)  slave labor. 
B)  new European technologies, such as the steam-powered turbine. 
C)  relative peace and cooperation among European nations. 
D)  cotton and rum plantations. 
E)  constant development of hybrid strains of the crops.

Question 6

In 1780,Britain declared war on _________ for continuing to trade with the colonies during the American Revolution.

Accepted Answer

A)  the Dutch Republic 
B)  Spain 
C)  Prussia 
D)  Russia 
E)  France 
A)  the Dutch Republic 
B)  Spain 
C)  Prussia 
D)  Russia 
E)  France

Question 7

The "Junkers" were a group of enserfed peasants in Prussia.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

Social relations in the Spanish colonies of Central and South America were characterized by all of the following EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

A)  frequent intermarriage with native people. 
B)  a complex system of racial and class categories. 
C)  the uprooting and resettlement of large numbers of native people. 
D)  cultural assimilation between the Spanish colonists and the native population. 
E)  the enslavement of large numbers of the native population. 
A)  frequent intermarriage with native people. 
B)  a complex system of racial and class categories. 
C)  the uprooting and resettlement of large numbers of native people. 
D)  cultural assimilation between the Spanish colonists and the native population. 
E)  the enslavement of large numbers of the native population.

Question 9

After the collapse of the Ottoman empire,Austria's biggest threat was from Germany.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

In the late seventeenth century,European wars almost always had a colonial aspect.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

Poland lost 30 percent of its territory and 50 percent of its population as a result of an agreement brokered between Prussia,Austria,and Russia by:

Accepted Answer

A)  Maria Theresa. 
B)  Joseph II. 
C)  Frederick the Great. 
D)  Peter the Great. 
E)  Catherine the Great. 
A)  Maria Theresa. 
B)  Joseph II. 
C)  Frederick the Great. 
D)  Peter the Great. 
E)  Catherine the Great.

Question 12

As an "enlightened" absolutist monarchy,the Habsburgs of Austria:

Accepted Answer

A)  created a system of public elementary education. 
B)  relaxed censorship. 
C)  created a standing professional army. 
D)  increased their control of the Church. 
E)  all of these 
A)  created a system of public elementary education. 
B)  relaxed censorship. 
C)  created a standing professional army. 
D)  increased their control of the Church. 
E)  all of these

Question 13

According to Chapter 15,which European government developed into an autocracy in the early modern period?

Accepted Answer

A)  England 
B)  France 
C)  Sweden 
D)  Russia 
E)  Austria 
A)  England 
B)  France 
C)  Sweden 
D)  Russia 
E)  Austria

Question 14

The most important opponents of royal absolutism were:

Accepted Answer

A)  churchmen. 
B)  peasants. 
C)  nobles. 
D)  merchants. 
E)  all of these 
A)  churchmen. 
B)  peasants. 
C)  nobles. 
D)  merchants. 
E)  all of these

Question 15

The economic nature of the Spanish colonies in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries reflected:

Accepted Answer

A)  the need to defend these colonies from English pirates. 
B)  the Spanish desire to make these colonies economically self-sufficient. 
C)  the principles of capitalist theory. 
D)  the drain that colonies place on mother countries. 
E)  the principles of mercantilist theory. 
A)  the need to defend these colonies from English pirates. 
B)  the Spanish desire to make these colonies economically self-sufficient. 
C)  the principles of capitalist theory. 
D)  the drain that colonies place on mother countries. 
E)  the principles of mercantilist theory.

Question 16

Frederick William I made Prussia strong by:

Accepted Answer

A)  emphasizing religious toleration. 
B)  scoring victories against the armies of Louis XIV. 
C)  exerting prudent financial leadership and building a large army. 
D)  establishing a lavish palace in Berlin and constructing a "theater" of absolutism. 
E)  allying himself with, and receiving military aid from, Great Britain. 
A)  emphasizing religious toleration. 
B)  scoring victories against the armies of Louis XIV. 
C)  exerting prudent financial leadership and building a large army. 
D)  establishing a lavish palace in Berlin and constructing a "theater" of absolutism. 
E)  allying himself with, and receiving military aid from, Great Britain.

Question 17

What was the role of nature in Locke's ideal government?

Accepted Answer

Locke maintained that the only law was t

Question 18

In general,the religious policies of Louis XIV aimed to:

Accepted Answer

A)  grant religious toleration to the Arsonists and Quietists. 
B)  grant religious toleration to all French people. 
C)  impose religious unity upon all French people. 
D)  suppress the work of Catholic Jesuits. 
E)  transform France into a Protestant constitutional monarchy. 
A)  grant religious toleration to the Arsonists and Quietists. 
B)  grant religious toleration to all French people. 
C)  impose religious unity upon all French people. 
D)  suppress the work of Catholic Jesuits. 
E)  transform France into a Protestant constitutional monarchy.

Question 19

What was the role of the Treaty of Utrecht in redefining the balance of power?

Accepted Answer

The Treaty of Utrecht reshaped the balan

Question 20

Habeas corpus is a guarantee that no one can be imprisoned unless charged with a crime.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Exam 15: Absolutism and Empire,1660–1789

What was the role of the peasant in Russian society and government?

The power within Europe was gradually shifting toward the East during the eighteenth century with the rise of Prussia and Russia.

The Portuguese and the Spanish had begun modern European colonization,but by the mid-eighteenth century the European leaders were the:

The government of France under Louis XIV would be best described as:

The cultivation of New World sugar and tobacco depended on:

In 1780,Britain declared war on _________ for continuing to trade with the colonies during the American Revolution.

The "Junkers" were a group of enserfed peasants in Prussia.

Social relations in the Spanish colonies of Central and South America were characterized by all of the following EXCEPT:

After the collapse of the Ottoman empire,Austria's biggest threat was from Germany.

In the late seventeenth century,European wars almost always had a colonial aspect.

Poland lost 30 percent of its territory and 50 percent of its population as a result of an agreement brokered between Prussia,Austria,and Russia by:

As an "enlightened" absolutist monarchy,the Habsburgs of Austria:

According to Chapter 15,which European government developed into an autocracy in the early modern period?

The most important opponents of royal absolutism were:

The economic nature of the Spanish colonies in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries reflected:

Frederick William I made Prussia strong by:

What was the role of nature in Locke's ideal government?

In general,the religious policies of Louis XIV aimed to:

What was the role of the Treaty of Utrecht in redefining the balance of power?

Habeas corpus is a guarantee that no one can be imprisoned unless charged with a crime.

Early Civilizations

Peoples,Gods,and Empires: 1700–500 B.C.E

The Civilization of Greece,1000–400 B.C.E

The Greek World Expands,400–150 B.C.E

The Civilization of Ancient Rome

The Transformation of Rome

Rome’s Three Heirs: 500–950

The Expansion of Europe,950–1100

The Consolidation of Europe,1100–1300

Crisis,Unrest,and Opportunity,1300–1500

Commerce,Conquest,and Colonization,1300–1600

Renaissance Ideals and Realities,c.1350–1550

The Age of Dissent and Division,1500–1600

Religion,Warfare,and Sovereignty: 1540–1660

The New Science of the Seventeenth Century

The Enlightenment

The French Revolution

The Industrial Revolution and Nineteenth-Century Society

From Restoration to Revolution,1815–1848

What Is a Nation? Territories,States,and Citizens,1848–1871

Imperialism and Colonialism,1870–1914

Modern Industry and Mass Politics,1870–1914

The First World War

Turmoil between the Wars

The Second World War

The Cold War World: Global Politics,Economic Recovery,and Cultural Change

Red Flags and Velvet Revolutions: The End of the Cold War,1960–1990

A World without Walls: Globalization and the West

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