Question 1

Which of the following explains why it is necessary to use safranin in the Gram stain?

Accepted Answer

A) Gram-positive bacteria do not have a strong affinity for crystal violet, but do bind well to safranin 
B) Gram-negative bacteria are rendered colorless after the decolorizer is added, and need to be counterstained to be visible under the microscope 
C) Safranin is the mordant needed to set the crystal violet color and make it permanent 
D) Gram-variable cells do not bind to crystal violet and need to be counterstained to be visible under the microscope 
E) None of the choices are true 
A) Gram-positive bacteria do not have a strong affinity for crystal violet, but do bind well to safranin 
B) Gram-negative bacteria are rendered colorless after the decolorizer is added, and need to be counterstained to be visible under the microscope 
C) Safranin is the mordant needed to set the crystal violet color and make it permanent 
D) Gram-variable cells do not bind to crystal violet and need to be counterstained to be visible under the microscope 
E) None of the choices are true B

Question 2

Which of the following increases susceptibility to infection?

Accepted Answer

A) Malnutrition 
B) Poverty 
C) Crowded housing conditions 
D) Unsanitary conditions 
E) All of the choices 
A) Malnutrition 
B) Poverty 
C) Crowded housing conditions 
D) Unsanitary conditions 
E) All of the choices E

Question 3

All of the following can be present in prokaryotic cells except

Accepted Answer

A) Peptidoglycan 
B) Cilia 
C) Capsules 
D) Pili 
E) Plasmids 
A) Peptidoglycan 
B) Cilia 
C) Capsules 
D) Pili 
E) Plasmids B

Question 4

Which of the following is the organelle where proteins destined for secretion are separated from other proteins?

Accepted Answer

A) Plasma membrane 
B) Endosome 
C) Golgi apparatus 
D) Smooth endoplasmic reticulum 
E) Rough endoplasmic reticulum 
A) Plasma membrane 
B) Endosome 
C) Golgi apparatus 
D) Smooth endoplasmic reticulum 
E) Rough endoplasmic reticulum

Question 5

An organism whose cells lack a nucleus and other membrane-bound structures is a (n)

Accepted Answer

A) Organelle 
B) Eukaryote 
C) Human 
D) Prokaryote 
E) Plasmid 
A) Organelle 
B) Eukaryote 
C) Human 
D) Prokaryote 
E) Plasmid

Question 6

Describe two ways in which pathogens can escape the toxic effects of lysosomes once they have been phagocytosed.

Accepted Answer

Pathogens can escape the toxic effects o

Question 7

What is the function of a flagellum?

Accepted Answer

A) Resistance to antibodies 
B) Motility 
C) Resistance to antibiotics 
D) Resistance of disinfectants 
E) Endospore formation 
A) Resistance to antibodies 
B) Motility 
C) Resistance to antibiotics 
D) Resistance of disinfectants 
E) Endospore formation

Question 8

Clusters of genes encoding virulence factors are known as

Accepted Answer

A) Plasmids 
B) Pathogenicity islands 
C) Quorum clusters 
D) Adherence factors 
E) Inducing genes 
A) Plasmids 
B) Pathogenicity islands 
C) Quorum clusters 
D) Adherence factors 
E) Inducing genes

Question 9

An appropriate stain for a sputum sample from a patient with tuberculosis is the _____ stain.

Accepted Answer

A) Gram 
B) Flagella 
C) Acid-fast 
D) Endospore 
E) Negative 
A) Gram 
B) Flagella 
C) Acid-fast 
D) Endospore 
E) Negative

Question 10

Explain why a high mortality (death)rate is not necessarily a favorable outcome for a pathogen.

Accepted Answer

If the host dies as a result of an infec

Question 11

All of the following are present in eukaryotic cells except

Accepted Answer

A) Lysosomes 
B) Endosomes 
C) Golgi apparatus 
D) Cholesterol 
E) Plasma membrane bound oxidative electron transport 
A) Lysosomes 
B) Endosomes 
C) Golgi apparatus 
D) Cholesterol 
E) Plasma membrane bound oxidative electron transport

Question 12

Which of the following is a mismatched pair?

Accepted Answer

A) Primary pathogen; disease in uncompromised host 
B) Pathogenicity islands; virulence gene clusters 
C) Environmental surveillance; quorum sensing 
D) Biofil;E. coli 
E) Opportunistic; disease in compromised host 
A) Primary pathogen; disease in uncompromised host 
B) Pathogenicity islands; virulence gene clusters 
C) Environmental surveillance; quorum sensing 
D) Biofil;E. coli 
E) Opportunistic; disease in compromised host

Question 13

Mobile genetic elements that sometimes carry pathogenicity islands are known as

Accepted Answer

A) Virulence chromosomes 
B) Biofilms 
C) Plasmids 
D) Opportunistic elements 
E) Proteasomes 
A) Virulence chromosomes 
B) Biofilms 
C) Plasmids 
D) Opportunistic elements 
E) Proteasomes

Question 14

What is a biofilm and why are biofilms clinically problematic? Provide a specific example.

Accepted Answer

A biofilm forms when bacteria adhere,agg

Question 15

Explain why it is of clinical value to determine whether an infection is caused by a bacterium that possesses a capsule and identify a stain that can be used to confirm the presence of a capsule.

Accepted Answer

Encapsulated bacteria are more difficult

Question 16

Organisms that can cause disease only if they exploit a host's decreased resistance to infection and disease are referred to as

Accepted Answer

A) Auto-inducers 
B) Opportunists 
C) Primary pathogens 
D) Mutualistic pathogens 
E) Quorum sensors 
A) Auto-inducers 
B) Opportunists 
C) Primary pathogens 
D) Mutualistic pathogens 
E) Quorum sensors

Question 17

Which of the following is the organelle that is on the path of proteins between the rough endoplasmic reticulum and the Golgi apparatus?

Accepted Answer

A) Plasma membrane 
B) Endosome 
C) Golgi apparatus 
D) Smooth endoplasmic reticulum 
E) Rough endoplasmic reticulum 
A) Plasma membrane 
B) Endosome 
C) Golgi apparatus 
D) Smooth endoplasmic reticulum 
E) Rough endoplasmic reticulum

Question 18

Bacteria which are spherical are

Accepted Answer

A) Bacilli 
B) Coccobacilli 
C) Fusiform bacilli 
D) Spirillum 
E) Cocci 
A) Bacilli 
B) Coccobacilli 
C) Fusiform bacilli 
D) Spirillum 
E) Cocci

Question 19

Which of the following is not a spherical bacterium?

Accepted Answer

A) Streptococci 
B) Streptobacilli 
C) Tetrads 
D) Staphylococci 
E) Diplococci 
A) Streptococci 
B) Streptobacilli 
C) Tetrads 
D) Staphylococci 
E) Diplococci

Question 20

Considering the development of high performance high technology methods for detecting and differentiating organisms,justify the continued use of staining techniques.

Accepted Answer

Classical staining techniques used to id

Exam 4: An Introduction to Cell Structure and Host-Pathogen Relationships

Which of the following explains why it is necessary to use safranin in the Gram stain?

Which of the following increases susceptibility to infection?

All of the following can be present in prokaryotic cells except

Which of the following is the organelle where proteins destined for secretion are separated from other proteins?

An organism whose cells lack a nucleus and other membrane-bound structures is a (n)

Describe two ways in which pathogens can escape the toxic effects of lysosomes once they have been phagocytosed.

What is the function of a flagellum?

Clusters of genes encoding virulence factors are known as

An appropriate stain for a sputum sample from a patient with tuberculosis is the _____ stain.

Explain why a high mortality (death)rate is not necessarily a favorable outcome for a pathogen.

All of the following are present in eukaryotic cells except

Which of the following is a mismatched pair?

Mobile genetic elements that sometimes carry pathogenicity islands are known as

What is a biofilm and why are biofilms clinically problematic? Provide a specific example.

Explain why it is of clinical value to determine whether an infection is caused by a bacterium that possesses a capsule and identify a stain that can be used to confirm the presence of a capsule.

Organisms that can cause disease only if they exploit a host's decreased resistance to infection and disease are referred to as

Which of the following is the organelle that is on the path of proteins between the rough endoplasmic reticulum and the Golgi apparatus?

Bacteria which are spherical are

Which of the following is not a spherical bacterium?

Considering the development of high performance high technology methods for detecting and differentiating organisms,justify the continued use of staining techniques.

What is Microbiology and Why Does it Matter?

Fundamental Chemistry for Microbiology

Essentials of Metabolism

Requirements for Infection

Transmission of Infection, the Compromised Host, Epidemiology, and Diagnosing Infections

Principles of Disease

Emerging and Re-Emerging Infectious Disease

The Clinical Significance of Bacterial Anatomy

Bacterial Growth

Microbial Genetics and Infectious Disease

The Structure and Infection Cycle of Viruses

Viral Infection

Parasitic and Fungal Infections

The Innate Immune Response

The Adaptive Immune Response

Failures of the Immune Response

Control of Microbial Growth with Disinfectants and Antiseptics

Antibiotics and Antimicrobial Drugs

Antibiotic Resistance

Infections of the Respiratory System

Infections of the Digestive System

Infections of the Genitourinary System

Infections of the Central Nervous System

Infections of the Blood and Lymph

Infections of the Skin and Eyes

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