Exam 5: Social Structure, Social Process, and Social Reaction Theories

__________ developed five modes of adaptation.

According to Merton, the _______________ mode of adaptation involves an acceptance of cultural goals and a rejection of institutionalized means.

Shaw and McKay studied the juvenile court and police records of juvenile delinquents from which U.S.city?

____________ thought that most delinquents hold conventional values, norms, and beliefs and must learn to neutralize the values before committing delinquent acts.

According to Merton, the _______________ mode of adaptation involves a rejection of cultural goals and an acceptance of institutionalized means.

According to _______________, three distinct types of gangs might form in neighborhoods: criminal gangs, conflict gangs, and retreatist gangs.

According to Cohen, although members of the lower class have norms and values that differ from those of the middle class, lower-class families can teach their children the proper socialization techniques necessary for middle-class membership.

___________ is an example of a subculture theory.

What are the five different modes of adaptation that were developed by Merton?

__________ examine the role that societal institutions, including the juvenile justice system, play in perpetuating delinquent behavior

Juveniles that are unable to cope with strain and commit delinquent acts are likely to be overly sensitive, have an explosive temperament, have a low tolerance for adversity, and have poor problem-solving skills.

How are Sutherland's differential association theory and Akers's differential reinforcement theory different? How are they similar?

Conflict theorists are concerned with the role government plays in creating an environment that is conducive to crime.

Hirschi stated that there were four elements of the social bond: attachment, commitment, involvement, and belief.

According to Hirischi, the cultural goal of American society is economic success.

How can lower-class youths achieve middle class status?

Why was there increased delinquency in Shaw and McKay's zone in transition?

Cloward and Ohlin argued that not everyone has access to the illegitimate opportunity structure.

Describe the five techniques of neutralization.

The factor that began the process of delinquency was a lack of power in the workplace according to Colvin and Pauly.