Exam 5: Social Structure, Social Process, and Social Reaction Theories

______________ seek to explain delinquency based on where it occurs.

In what way does the Job Corps meet the needs of disadvantaged youths?

The four steps of neutralization are denial of responsibility, denial of injury, denial of victim, and condemnation of the condemners.

According to Merton, what is the difference between ritualism and rebellion?

When delinquent subcultures/gangs are established with a different set of values, norms, and beliefs, the type of delinquent gang that develops will depend upon the family in which the youths live and whether they have access to illegitimate opportunity structures.

Inversion is the practice of removing juveniles from the juvenile justice process and providing them with treatment services outside of the juvenile justice system.

There are three types of social theories of delinquency: social structure theories, social process theories, and social reaction theories.

Compare and contrast the three different types of delinquent gangs.

_______________ asserted that delinquent behavior is a function of learning and not a function of either the ability to obtain economic success or of living in a socially disorganized area of a city.

____________ differential reinforcement theory integrated differential association and the learning theory of operant conditioning.

_______________ identified six focal concerns that describe six values of a lower-class subculture.

According to Sampson and Laub two turning points in a criminal career are marriage and the birth of a child.

Explain how life course theories are different from social learning and social control theories.

Three social structure theories support the argument that socioeconomic conditions and cultural values in the lower class lead to delinquency.

Explain the works of Robert Merton.

A person is arrested for only one of every three offenses.

What are the four elements of the social bond?

____________ focused on serious delinquency committed by urban, male, gang members in the book Delinquency and Opportunity.

According to Sutherland's differential association theory, delinquency is a learned behavior.