Question 1

The difference between ANCOVA and MANCOVA is that

Accepted Answer

A) with a MANCOVA,variables can be partialed out; with an ANCOVA,they cannot. 
B) with an ANCOVA,variables can be partialed out; with a MANCOVA,they cannot. 
C) a MANCOVA can have more than one dependent variable; an ANCOVA cannot. 
D) a MANCOVA can have more than one independent variable; an ANCOVA cannot. 
A) with a MANCOVA,variables can be partialed out; with an ANCOVA,they cannot. 
B) with an ANCOVA,variables can be partialed out; with a MANCOVA,they cannot. 
C) a MANCOVA can have more than one dependent variable; an ANCOVA cannot. 
D) a MANCOVA can have more than one independent variable; an ANCOVA cannot.

Question 2

The general linear model is called a "linear model" because

Accepted Answer

A) a single-tracked line of reasoning drives the analysis. 
B) the model makes predictions based on the intersection of two or more linear trends. 
C) the computations rely on a curvilinear formula. 
D) there are no squared (or higher power)terms in the equation. 
A) a single-tracked line of reasoning drives the analysis. 
B) the model makes predictions based on the intersection of two or more linear trends. 
C) the computations rely on a curvilinear formula. 
D) there are no squared (or higher power)terms in the equation.

Question 3

A technique that uses a path diagram with arrows between variables,but that has some advantages over path analysis is

Accepted Answer

A) partial correlation. 
B) multiple regression. 
C) factor analysis. 
D) structural equation modeling. 
A) partial correlation. 
B) multiple regression. 
C) factor analysis. 
D) structural equation modeling.

Question 4

Cronbach's alpha can be thought of as

Accepted Answer

A) the average of the correlations between two halves of a test based on every possible split of the items into two halves. 
B) the average of the largest and smallest correlations among test items. 
C) the square root of the standardized path coefficient. 
D) the standardized path coefficient squared. 
A) the average of the correlations between two halves of a test based on every possible split of the items into two halves. 
B) the average of the largest and smallest correlations among test items. 
C) the square root of the standardized path coefficient. 
D) the standardized path coefficient squared.

Question 5

Test reliabilities are most likely to be discussed in research articles when

Accepted Answer

A) a new measure is developed. 
B) results of the study are significant. 
C) reporting results of a chi-square test. 
D) background variables,such as age and sex,are being considered. 
A) a new measure is developed. 
B) results of the study are significant. 
C) reporting results of a chi-square test. 
D) background variables,such as age and sex,are being considered.

Question 6

The t test can be derived from all of the following EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

A) multiple regression. 
B) the Z test. 
C) bivariate correlation. 
D) the analysis of variance. 
A) multiple regression. 
B) the Z test. 
C) bivariate correlation. 
D) the analysis of variance.

Question 7

An advantage of structural equation modeling over ordinary path analysis is that structural equation modeling

Accepted Answer

A) does not require significance tests. 
B) analyzes the links among latent variables. 
C) analyzes the links among measured variables. 
D) can handle equal-interval variables. 
A) does not require significance tests. 
B) analyzes the links among latent variables. 
C) analyzes the links among measured variables. 
D) can handle equal-interval variables.

Question 8

An educational psychologist who gives the same test twice to the same people to check the accuracy of the test is assessing

Accepted Answer

A) a model's fit. 
B) test-retest reliability. 
C) split-half reliability. 
D) interrater reliability. 
A) a model's fit. 
B) test-retest reliability. 
C) split-half reliability. 
D) interrater reliability.

Question 9

Many of the major procedures presented in this text are mathematically equivalent because they share the same central logic,a mathematical formula statisticians call the __________.

Accepted Answer

general li

Question 10

If a psychologist is concerned about getting different results depending on the way a test is divided in half,the psychologist is assessing __________.

Accepted Answer

split-half

Question 11

If an investigator wants to be able to include more than one independent variable,more than one dependent variable,and wants to partial out a variable,the appropriate procedure is

Accepted Answer

A) factor analysis. 
B) analysis of covariance (ANCOV
A) . 
C) multivariate analysis of variance (MANOV
A) . 
D) multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOV
A) . 
A) factor analysis. 
B) analysis of covariance (ANCOV
A) . 
C) multivariate analysis of variance (MANOV
A) . 
D) multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOV
A) .

Question 12

If an educational psychologist studying the effect of three different teaching programs on students' learning wants to eliminate the effect of initial differences in learning ability among the students,the psychologist should use

Accepted Answer

A) multivariate analysis of variance (MANOV
A) . 
B) analysis of variance (ANOV
A) . 
C) analysis of covariance (ANCOV
A) . 
D) test-retest reliability. 
A) multivariate analysis of variance (MANOV
A) . 
B) analysis of variance (ANOV
A) . 
C) analysis of covariance (ANCOV
A) . 
D) test-retest reliability.

Question 13

When reading a research article based on an unfamiliar statistical procedure,a basic understanding may be obtained by

Accepted Answer

A) seeking some indication of the q coefficient or,if that is not available,some indication of power. 
B) identifying the significance level and the effect size. 
C) following the path diagram or contingency table,depending on the level of measurement of the variables involved. 
D) plotting the regression line. 
A) seeking some indication of the q coefficient or,if that is not available,some indication of power. 
B) identifying the significance level and the effect size. 
C) following the path diagram or contingency table,depending on the level of measurement of the variables involved. 
D) plotting the regression line.

Question 14

The final step of a mediational analysis tests whether the association of X and Y

Accepted Answer

A) increases when the mediator is taken into account. 
B) decreases when the mediator is taken into account. 
C) is larger than the association of X with the mediational variable. 
D) is smaller than the association of X with the mediational variable. 
A) increases when the mediator is taken into account. 
B) decreases when the mediator is taken into account. 
C) is larger than the association of X with the mediational variable. 
D) is smaller than the association of X with the mediational variable.

Question 15

A developmental psychologist has administered a questionnaire to a large group of fathers to see how frequently they participate in each of 40 activities with their children.The psychologist wants to know if there are some activities that can be grouped together such that if a father does one activity,he is likely to do the other,but in which there is little association with activities in other groupings.The appropriate procedure is

Accepted Answer

A) partial correlation. 
B) analysis of covariance. 
C) factor analysis. 
D) path analysis. 
A) partial correlation. 
B) analysis of covariance. 
C) factor analysis. 
D) path analysis.

Question 16

An advanced type of regression analysis that handles research situations in which people are grouped in some way that could affect the pattern of scores is

Accepted Answer

A) multilevel modeling. 
B) multiple regression. 
C) partial correlation. 
D) factor analysis. 
A) multilevel modeling. 
B) multiple regression. 
C) partial correlation. 
D) factor analysis.

Question 17

The "least-squares criterion" sets the a's and b's in the general linear model so that

Accepted Answer

A) the sum of e2 over all participants is 0. 
B) the sum of e2 over all participants is 1. 
C) the sum of e2 over all participants is as low as possible. 
D) the sum of e2 over all participants is as high as possible. 
A) the sum of e2 over all participants is 0. 
B) the sum of e2 over all participants is 1. 
C) the sum of e2 over all participants is as low as possible. 
D) the sum of e2 over all participants is as high as possible.

Question 18

A limitation of causal modeling is that

Accepted Answer

A) even when all predicted paths are significant,there is an overall good fit,and the significance test is as expected,it is possible that there are other patterns of causality that work better. 
B) only the cause is examined,and comparisons and linkages between the different variables are impossible. 
C) it cannot be done very easily on a computer. 
D) path diagrams are rarely accurate and often give a false picture,tending to suggest that the true linkages are among the measured variables,whereas they are usually among the latent variables. 
A) even when all predicted paths are significant,there is an overall good fit,and the significance test is as expected,it is possible that there are other patterns of causality that work better. 
B) only the cause is examined,and comparisons and linkages between the different variables are impossible. 
C) it cannot be done very easily on a computer. 
D) path diagrams are rarely accurate and often give a false picture,tending to suggest that the true linkages are among the measured variables,whereas they are usually among the latent variables.

Question 19

The formula Ŷ = a + (b1)(X1)+ (b2)(X2)+ (b3)(X3)is the formula for

Accepted Answer

A) multiple regression. 
B) the analysis of variance. 
C) bivariate correlation. 
D) the t test. 
A) multiple regression. 
B) the analysis of variance. 
C) bivariate correlation. 
D) the t test.

Question 20

The variables about the grouping as a whole in a multilevel model are

Accepted Answer

A) upper-level variables. 
B) middle-level variables. 
C) lower-level variables. 
D) criterion-level variables. 
A) upper-level variables. 
B) middle-level variables. 
C) lower-level variables. 
D) criterion-level variables.

The difference between ANCOVA and MANCOVA is that

The general linear model is called a "linear model" because

A technique that uses a path diagram with arrows between variables,but that has some advantages over path analysis is

Cronbach's alpha can be thought of as

Test reliabilities are most likely to be discussed in research articles when

The t test can be derived from all of the following EXCEPT

An advantage of structural equation modeling over ordinary path analysis is that structural equation modeling

An educational psychologist who gives the same test twice to the same people to check the accuracy of the test is assessing

Many of the major procedures presented in this text are mathematically equivalent because they share the same central logic,a mathematical formula statisticians call the __________.

If a psychologist is concerned about getting different results depending on the way a test is divided in half,the psychologist is assessing __________.

If an investigator wants to be able to include more than one independent variable,more than one dependent variable,and wants to partial out a variable,the appropriate procedure is

If an educational psychologist studying the effect of three different teaching programs on students' learning wants to eliminate the effect of initial differences in learning ability among the students,the psychologist should use

When reading a research article based on an unfamiliar statistical procedure,a basic understanding may be obtained by

The final step of a mediational analysis tests whether the association of X and Y

An advanced type of regression analysis that handles research situations in which people are grouped in some way that could affect the pattern of scores is

The "least-squares criterion" sets the a's and b's in the general linear model so that

A limitation of causal modeling is that

The formula Ŷ = a + (b₁)(X₁)+ (b₂)(X₂)+ (b₃)(X₃)is the formula for

The variables about the grouping as a whole in a multilevel model are

Displaying the Order in a Group of Numbers

Central Tendency and Variability

Some Key Ingredients for Inferential Statistics: Z Scores,the Normal Curve, Sample Versus Population, and Probability

Introduction to Hypothesis Testing

Hypothesis Tests With Means of Samples

Making Sense of Statistical Significance:decision Errors, Effect Size, and Statistical Power

Introduction to T Tests: Single Sample and Dependent Means

The T Test for Independent Means

Introduction to the Analysis of Variance

Factorial Analysis of Variance

Correlation

Prediction

Chi-Square Tests

Strategies When Population Distributions Are Not Normal: Data Transformations and Rank-Order Tests

Filters

Exam 15: The General Linear Model and Making Sense of Advanced Statistical Procedures in Research Articles

The difference between ANCOVA and MANCOVA is that

The general linear model is called a "linear model" because

A technique that uses a path diagram with arrows between variables,but that has some advantages over path analysis is

Cronbach's alpha can be thought of as

Test reliabilities are most likely to be discussed in research articles when

The t test can be derived from all of the following EXCEPT

An advantage of structural equation modeling over ordinary path analysis is that structural equation modeling

An educational psychologist who gives the same test twice to the same people to check the accuracy of the test is assessing

Many of the major procedures presented in this text are mathematically equivalent because they share the same central logic,a mathematical formula statisticians call the __________.

If a psychologist is concerned about getting different results depending on the way a test is divided in half,the psychologist is assessing __________.

If an investigator wants to be able to include more than one independent variable,more than one dependent variable,and wants to partial out a variable,the appropriate procedure is

If an educational psychologist studying the effect of three different teaching programs on students' learning wants to eliminate the effect of initial differences in learning ability among the students,the psychologist should use

When reading a research article based on an unfamiliar statistical procedure,a basic understanding may be obtained by

The final step of a mediational analysis tests whether the association of X and Y

An advanced type of regression analysis that handles research situations in which people are grouped in some way that could affect the pattern of scores is

The "least-squares criterion" sets the a's and b's in the general linear model so that

A limitation of causal modeling is that

The formula Ŷ = a + (b1)(X1)+ (b2)(X2)+ (b3)(X3)is the formula for

The variables about the grouping as a whole in a multilevel model are

Displaying the Order in a Group of Numbers

Central Tendency and Variability

Some Key Ingredients for Inferential Statistics: Z Scores,the Normal Curve, Sample Versus Population, and Probability

Introduction to Hypothesis Testing

Hypothesis Tests With Means of Samples

Making Sense of Statistical Significance:decision Errors, Effect Size, and Statistical Power

Introduction to T Tests: Single Sample and Dependent Means

The T Test for Independent Means

Introduction to the Analysis of Variance

Factorial Analysis of Variance

Correlation

Prediction

Chi-Square Tests

Strategies When Population Distributions Are Not Normal: Data Transformations and Rank-Order Tests

Filters

The formula Ŷ = a + (b₁)(X₁)+ (b₂)(X₂)+ (b₃)(X₃)is the formula for