Question 1

Which of the following increases the internal energy of a solid metal rod?

Accepted Answer

A) raising it to a greater height 
B) throwing it through the air 
C) having the rod conduct heat 
D) having the rod absorb heat 
A) raising it to a greater height 
B) throwing it through the air 
C) having the rod conduct heat 
D) having the rod absorb heat D

Question 2

An avalanche of ice and snow of mass 1 500 kg slides a vertical distance of 190 m down a mountainside.If the temperature of the ice,snow,mountain and surrounding air are all at 0°C,what is the change in entropy of the universe?

Accepted Answer

A) 2.05E+4 J/K 
B) 1.02E+4 J/K 
C) 5.12E+3 J/K 
D) 3.41E+3 J/K 
E) 1.04E+3 J/K 
A) 2.05E+4 J/K 
B) 1.02E+4 J/K 
C) 5.12E+3 J/K 
D) 3.41E+3 J/K 
E) 1.04E+3 J/K B

Question 3

According to the first law of thermodynamics,for any process that may occur within an isolated system,which of the following choices applies?

Accepted Answer

A) entropy remains constant 
B) entropy increases 
C) entropy decreases 
D) None of the above choices apply. 
A) entropy remains constant 
B) entropy increases 
C) entropy decreases 
D) None of the above choices apply. D

Question 4

A 2.0-mol ideal gas system is maintained at a constant volume of 4.0 L.If 100 J of heat is added,what is the work done on the system?​

Accepted Answer

A) zero 
B) 5 J 
C) −3.3 J 
D) 20 J 
E) ​3.3 J 
A) zero 
B) 5 J 
C) −3.3 J 
D) 20 J 
E) ​3.3 J

Question 5

Which of the following choices best corresponds to what is required by the second law of thermodynamics for any process taking place in an isolated system?

Accepted Answer

A) entropy decreases 
B) entropy remains constant 
C) entropy increases 
D) entropy equals work done on the system 
A) entropy decreases 
B) entropy remains constant 
C) entropy increases 
D) entropy equals work done on the system

Question 6

System 1 is 3.1 moles of a monatomic ideal gas held at a constant volume of 2.70 L as it undergoes a temperature increase.System 2 is 3.1 moles of a diatomic ideal gas held at a constant volume of 2.7 L as it undergoes a temperature increase equal to the temperature increase of System 1.The pressure increase for system 1 is ΔP1 and for System 2 is ΔP2 during the temperature increases.What is the ratio of ΔP1/ΔP2?

Accepted Answer

A) 1.0 
B) 0.60 
C) 1.7 
D) 2.5 
E) 4.5 
A) 1.0 
B) 0.60 
C) 1.7 
D) 2.5 
E) 4.5

Question 7

At the dice factory,sets of novelty dice are created where a side with 7 dots replaces the single dot side.The sides then range from 2 to 7 instead of the usually 1 to 6.Using such dice for a game of craps,what will be the most probable roll?

Accepted Answer

A) 7,this change in dots results in the same most probable value. 
B) 7.5 
C) 8 
D) 9 
A) 7,this change in dots results in the same most probable value. 
B) 7.5 
C) 8 
D) 9

Question 8

The efficiency of a Carnot engine operating between 95°C and 0°C is most nearly

Accepted Answer

A) 13%. 
B) 52%. 
C) 26%. 
D) 80% 
E) 100% 
A) 13%. 
B) 52%. 
C) 26%. 
D) 80% 
E) 100%

Question 9

Entropy is a measure of the ____ of a system.

Accepted Answer

A) disorder 
B) temperature 
C) heat 
D) internal energy 
A) disorder 
B) temperature 
C) heat 
D) internal energy

Question 10

On a PV diagram,if a process involves a closed curve,the area inside the curve represents

Accepted Answer

A) internal energy. 
B) heat. 
C) work. 
D) zero. 
A) internal energy. 
B) heat. 
C) work. 
D) zero.

Question 11

A cylinder containing an ideal gas has a volume of 2.6 m3 and a pressure of 1.5 × 105 Pa at a temperature of 300 K.The cylinder is placed against a metal block that is maintained at 900 K and the gas expands as the pressure remains constant until the temperature of the gas reaches 900 K.The change in internal energy of the gas is +6.0 × 105 J.How much heat did the gas absorb?

Accepted Answer

A) 0 
B) 3.4E+5 J 
C) 6.0E+5 J 
D) 1.4E+6 J 
E) 7.8E+5 J 
A) 0 
B) 3.4E+5 J 
C) 6.0E+5 J 
D) 1.4E+6 J 
E) 7.8E+5 J

Question 12

In the first law of thermodynamics,Δ​U​ = ​Q ​ + ​W​,W is positive when

Accepted Answer

A) the work is being done on the environment by the system. 
B) the work is being done on the system by the environment. 
C) the work is being done on the environment by the system,and the temperature of the system goes up. 
D) the work is being done on the system by the environment,and the temperature of the system goes up. 
A) the work is being done on the environment by the system. 
B) the work is being done on the system by the environment. 
C) the work is being done on the environment by the system,and the temperature of the system goes up. 
D) the work is being done on the system by the environment,and the temperature of the system goes up.

Question 13

A 1.0-kg chunk of ice at 0°C melts,absorbing 80 000 cal of heat in the process.Which of the following best describes what happens to this system?

Accepted Answer

A) increased entropy 
B) lost entropy 
C) entropy maintained constant 
D) work converted to energy 
A) increased entropy 
B) lost entropy 
C) entropy maintained constant 
D) work converted to energy

Question 14

An athlete has a basal metabolic rate of 70.0 W. As she is working out, her metabolic rate increases by about 600 W. She eats one piece of buttered toast for breakfast, which has 145 Calories. She wants to work off the piece of toast.
-How long will it take if she stays in bed all day?

Accepted Answer

A) 2.41 hours 
B) 57.8 hours 
C) 37.7 hours 
D) 0.228 hours 
A) 2.41 hours 
B) 57.8 hours 
C) 37.7 hours 
D) 0.228 hours

Question 15

On a PV diagram,an ____ process is represented by a horizontal line.

Accepted Answer

A) isobaric 
B) isothermal 
C) isovolumetric 
D) adiabatic 
A) isobaric 
B) isothermal 
C) isovolumetric 
D) adiabatic

Question 16

The laws of thermodynamics can be related to the following: (i)the measurement of temperature, (ii)the lowest temperature possible, (iii)conservation of energy,and (iv)only part of heat energy available may be turned into work.Which of these involve the zeroth and third law?

Accepted Answer

A) (i)and (ii) 
B) (ii)and (iv) 
C) (i)and (iii) 
D) (iii)and (iv) 
A) (i)and (ii) 
B) (ii)and (iv) 
C) (i)and (iii) 
D) (iii)and (iv)

Question 17

For a monatomic gas,3R/2 is

Accepted Answer

A) the specific heat per mole at constant volume. 
B) the specific heat per unit mass at constant volume. 
C) NAkB. 
D) none of the above. 
A) the specific heat per mole at constant volume. 
B) the specific heat per unit mass at constant volume. 
C) NAkB. 
D) none of the above.

Question 18

A heat engine exhausts 3 200 J of heat while performing 1 500 J of useful work.What is the efficiency of the engine?​

Accepted Answer

A) 68% 
B) 32% 
C) 16% 
D) 50% 
E) 84% 
A) 68% 
B) 32% 
C) 16% 
D) 50% 
E) 84%

Question 19

Which of the following choices is an appropriate unit for measuring entropy changes?

Accepted Answer

A) J⋅K 
B) N⋅K 
C) J/s 
D) J/K 
A) J⋅K 
B) N⋅K 
C) J/s 
D) J/K

Question 20

You have a PV diagram for a device going through a cyclic process forming a closed loop on the diagram.How can you tell from the diagram whether the device is acting as a heat engine and not as a refrigerator?

Accepted Answer

A) The loop is longer than it is high which means it is acting as a refrigerator. 
B) The loop is higher than it is long which means it is acting as a refrigerator. 
C) The loop proceeds clockwise which means it is acting as a heat engine. 
D) The loop proceeds counterclockwise which means it is acting as a heat engine. 
A) The loop is longer than it is high which means it is acting as a refrigerator. 
B) The loop is higher than it is long which means it is acting as a refrigerator. 
C) The loop proceeds clockwise which means it is acting as a heat engine. 
D) The loop proceeds counterclockwise which means it is acting as a heat engine.

Exam 12: The Laws of Thermodynamics

Which of the following increases the internal energy of a solid metal rod?

An avalanche of ice and snow of mass 1 500 kg slides a vertical distance of 190 m down a mountainside.If the temperature of the ice,snow,mountain and surrounding air are all at 0°C,what is the change in entropy of the universe?

According to the first law of thermodynamics,for any process that may occur within an isolated system,which of the following choices applies?

A 2.0-mol ideal gas system is maintained at a constant volume of 4.0 L.If 100 J of heat is added,what is the work done on the system?​

Which of the following choices best corresponds to what is required by the second law of thermodynamics for any process taking place in an isolated system?

At the dice factory,sets of novelty dice are created where a side with 7 dots replaces the single dot side.The sides then range from 2 to 7 instead of the usually 1 to 6.Using such dice for a game of craps,what will be the most probable roll?

The efficiency of a Carnot engine operating between 95°C and 0°C is most nearly

Entropy is a measure of the ____ of a system.

On a PV diagram,if a process involves a closed curve,the area inside the curve represents

In the first law of thermodynamics,Δ​U​ = ​Q ​ + ​W​,W is positive when

A 1.0-kg chunk of ice at 0°C melts,absorbing 80 000 cal of heat in the process.Which of the following best describes what happens to this system?

An athlete has a basal metabolic rate of 70.0 W. As she is working out, her metabolic rate increases by about 600 W. She eats one piece of buttered toast for breakfast, which has 145 Calories. She wants to work off the piece of toast. -How long will it take if she stays in bed all day?

On a PV diagram,an ____ process is represented by a horizontal line.

The laws of thermodynamics can be related to the following: (i)the measurement of temperature, (ii)the lowest temperature possible, (iii)conservation of energy,and (iv)only part of heat energy available may be turned into work.Which of these involve the zeroth and third law?

For a monatomic gas,3R/2 is

A heat engine exhausts 3 200 J of heat while performing 1 500 J of useful work.What is the efficiency of the engine?​

Which of the following choices is an appropriate unit for measuring entropy changes?

You have a PV diagram for a device going through a cyclic process forming a closed loop on the diagram.How can you tell from the diagram whether the device is acting as a heat engine and not as a refrigerator?

Units, Trigonometry, and Vectors

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Newtons Laws of Motion

Energy

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Energy in Thermal Processes

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Current and Resistance

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Filters

A 2.0-mol ideal gas system is maintained at a constant volume of 4.0 L.If 100 J of heat is added,what is the work done on the system?

In the first law of thermodynamics,ΔU = Q + W,W is positive when

A heat engine exhausts 3 200 J of heat while performing 1 500 J of useful work.What is the efficiency of the engine?