Question 1

1 Bq = ________ Ci?

Accepted Answer

A) 1 
B) 106 
C) 2.7 × 10-11 
D) 3.7 × 1010 
A) 1 
B) 106 
C) 2.7 × 10-11 
D) 3.7 × 1010 C

Question 2

The molecular mass for chlorine is not an integer multiple of the molecular mass of hydrogen but is about 35.5 times the molecular mass of hydrogen.This is primarily because

Accepted Answer

A) the proton and neutron have different masses. 
B) there are different isotopes of chlorine. 
C) of the binding energy of the chlorine nucleus. 
D) the chlorine nucleus has 35.5 nucleons. 
A) the proton and neutron have different masses. 
B) there are different isotopes of chlorine. 
C) of the binding energy of the chlorine nucleus. 
D) the chlorine nucleus has 35.5 nucleons. B

Question 3

Two nuclei collide,one originally at rest,in an endothermic nuclear reaction with Q = −2.05 MeV.Which of the following describes the minimum kinetic energy needed in the reactant nuclei for the reaction is to occur?

Accepted Answer

A) equal to 2.05 MeV 
B) greater than 2.05 MeV 
C) less than 2.05 MeV 
D) exactly half of 2.05 MeV 
A) equal to 2.05 MeV 
B) greater than 2.05 MeV 
C) less than 2.05 MeV 
D) exactly half of 2.05 MeV B

Question 4

There are samples of two different isotopes,X and Y.Both contain the same number of radioactive atoms.Sample X has a half-life twice that of Y.How do their decay rates compare?

Accepted Answer

A) X has a greater rate than Y. 
B) X has a smaller rate than Y. 
C) The rates of X and Y are equal. 
D) The rate depends on atomic number,not half-life. 
A) X has a greater rate than Y. 
B) X has a smaller rate than Y. 
C) The rates of X and Y are equal. 
D) The rate depends on atomic number,not half-life.

Question 5

If the sum total mass of reactants in a nuclear reaction is greater than that of product particles,then which of the following statements best describes the conditions of the reaction?

Accepted Answer

A) reaction is exothermic 
B) reaction is endothermic 
C) atomic number of each reactant must be greater than 40 
D) atomic number of each reactant must be less than 80 
A) reaction is exothermic 
B) reaction is endothermic 
C) atomic number of each reactant must be greater than 40 
D) atomic number of each reactant must be less than 80

Question 6

Neglecting recoil of the gold nucleus,how much kinetic energy must an alpha particle (charge = 2 × 1.6 × 10-19 C)have to approach to within 5.70 × 10−14 m of a gold nucleus (charge = 79 × 1.6 × 10−19 C)? (ke = 8.99 × 109 N⋅m2/C2 and 1 MeV = 1.6 × 10−13 J)

Accepted Answer

A) 4.4E-10 MeV 
B) 1.1E+1 MeV 
C) 2.0E+0 MeV 
D) 4.0E+0 MeV 
E) ​5.0E-2 MeV 
A) 4.4E-10 MeV 
B) 1.1E+1 MeV 
C) 2.0E+0 MeV 
D) 4.0E+0 MeV 
E) ​5.0E-2 MeV

Question 7

An ancient building was known to have been built 3 000 years ago.Approximately what proportion of Carbon-14 atoms are yet in the building's wooden framing compared to the number which were present at the time of its construction? (half life of 14C = 5 730 years)

Accepted Answer

A) 0.425 
B) 0.500 
C) 0.517 
D) 0.696 
A) 0.425 
B) 0.500 
C) 0.517 
D) 0.696

Question 8

A radioactive isotope that emits a gamma quantum will change in what respect?

Accepted Answer

A) Atomic number increases by one. 
B) Atomic number decreases by one. 
C) Atomic mass number decreases by one. 
D) None of the above choices are valid. 
A) Atomic number increases by one. 
B) Atomic number decreases by one. 
C) Atomic mass number decreases by one. 
D) None of the above choices are valid.

Question 9

The alpha radiation first classified by Rutherford was in fact which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A) helium nuclei 
B) high energy quanta 
C) electrons 
D) positrons 
A) helium nuclei 
B) high energy quanta 
C) electrons 
D) positrons

Question 10

What particle is emitted when 240Pu decays to 236U? (atomic numbers of Pu and U are,respectively,94 and 92)

Accepted Answer

A) alpha 
B) beta (electron) 
C) beta (positron) 
D) gamma quantum 
A) alpha 
B) beta (electron) 
C) beta (positron) 
D) gamma quantum

Question 11

Tritium has a half-life of 12.3 years.How many years will elapse when the radioactivity of a tritium sample diminishes to 35% of its original value?

Accepted Answer

A) 1.2E-1 years 
B) 1.9E+1 years 
C) 4.3E+0 years 
D) 6.3E+1 years 
E) ​8.1E+0 years 
A) 1.2E-1 years 
B) 1.9E+1 years 
C) 4.3E+0 years 
D) 6.3E+1 years 
E) ​8.1E+0 years

Question 12

The ratio of the numbers of neutrons to protons in the nucleus of naturally occurring isotopes tends to vary with atomic number in what manner?

Accepted Answer

A) increases with greater atomic number 
B) decreases with greater atomic number 
C) is maximum for atomic number = 60 
D) remains constant for entire range of atomic numbers 
A) increases with greater atomic number 
B) decreases with greater atomic number 
C) is maximum for atomic number = 60 
D) remains constant for entire range of atomic numbers

Question 13

Tritium has a half-life of 12.3 years.What proportion of its original radioactivity will a sample have after 2 years?

Accepted Answer

A) 0.01 
B) 0.89 
C) 0.37 
D) 0.16 
E) ​0.25 
A) 0.01 
B) 0.89 
C) 0.37 
D) 0.16 
E) ​0.25

Question 14

Chromium-55 (54.940 8 u)emits an electron leaving a daughter nucleus of manganese-55 (54.938 0 u).How much energy is released in this reaction? (1 u = 931.5 MeV/c2)

Accepted Answer

A) 5.59 MeV 
B) 2.61 MeV 
C) 1.40 MeV 
D) 0.70 MeV 
A) 5.59 MeV 
B) 2.61 MeV 
C) 1.40 MeV 
D) 0.70 MeV

Question 15

The original nucleus and the final nucleus will be different isotopes of the same element for which decay scheme of the original nucleus?

Accepted Answer

A) alpha decay followed by two beta (electron)decays 
B) two gamma decays 
C) a beta (electron)decay followed by an alpha decay 
D) a beta (electron)decay followed by neutron emission 
A) alpha decay followed by two beta (electron)decays 
B) two gamma decays 
C) a beta (electron)decay followed by an alpha decay 
D) a beta (electron)decay followed by neutron emission

Question 16

The isotope 14C cannot be used in dating old samples of which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A) charcoal from a fire 
B) a bronze implement from a cave 
C) a bone buried in mud 
D) All of the above can be dated using 14C. 
A) charcoal from a fire 
B) a bronze implement from a cave 
C) a bone buried in mud 
D) All of the above can be dated using 14C.

Question 17

The fact that the binding energy per nucleon does not depend very strongly on the volume of the nucleus indicates that

Accepted Answer

A) the strong nuclear force saturates. 
B) nucleons don't move throughout the nucleus. 
C) all nuclei have the same volume. 
D) the radius of a nucleus is directly proportional to the number of nucleons. 
A) the strong nuclear force saturates. 
B) nucleons don't move throughout the nucleus. 
C) all nuclei have the same volume. 
D) the radius of a nucleus is directly proportional to the number of nucleons.

Question 18

In the four radioactive series,the nuclei decay by either emitting alpha particles or beta particles until they reach the stable end product.Each decay,therefore,results in a mass number change of either 4 (for alpha decay)or 0 (for beta decay).The radium isotope 226Ra is in one of these series.What is the starting isotope in the series containing 226Ra?

Accepted Answer

A) 238U 
B) 235U 
C) 232Th 
D) 237Np 
A) 238U 
B) 235U 
C) 232Th 
D) 237Np

Question 19

An alpha particle (mass = 6.68 × 10−27 kg)is emitted from a radioactive nucleus with a kinetic energy of 4.55 MeV.How fast is the alpha particle moving in m/s? (1 MeV = 1.6 × 10−13 J)

Accepted Answer

A) 3.84E+3 m/s 
B) 1.48E+7 m/s 
C) 1.04E+7 m/s 
D) 3.82E+7 m/s 
E) ​5.11E+6 m/s 
A) 3.84E+3 m/s 
B) 1.48E+7 m/s 
C) 1.04E+7 m/s 
D) 3.82E+7 m/s 
E) ​5.11E+6 m/s

Question 20

When radium-224 emits an alpha particle,the remaining daughter nucleus is which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A) lead-213 
B) actinium-215 
C) radon-220 
D) bismuth-215 
A) lead-213 
B) actinium-215 
C) radon-220 
D) bismuth-215

Exam 29: Nuclear Physics

1 Bq = ________ Ci?

The molecular mass for chlorine is not an integer multiple of the molecular mass of hydrogen but is about 35.5 times the molecular mass of hydrogen.This is primarily because

Two nuclei collide,one originally at rest,in an endothermic nuclear reaction with Q = −2.05 MeV.Which of the following describes the minimum kinetic energy needed in the reactant nuclei for the reaction is to occur?

There are samples of two different isotopes,X and Y.Both contain the same number of radioactive atoms.Sample X has a half-life twice that of Y.How do their decay rates compare?

If the sum total mass of reactants in a nuclear reaction is greater than that of product particles,then which of the following statements best describes the conditions of the reaction?

Neglecting recoil of the gold nucleus,how much kinetic energy must an alpha particle (charge = 2 × 1.6 × 10-19 C)have to approach to within 5.70 × 10−14 m of a gold nucleus (charge = 79 × 1.6 × 10−19 C)? (ke = 8.99 × 109 N⋅m2/C2 and 1 MeV = 1.6 × 10−13 J)

An ancient building was known to have been built 3 000 years ago.Approximately what proportion of Carbon-14 atoms are yet in the building's wooden framing compared to the number which were present at the time of its construction? (half life of 14C = 5 730 years)

A radioactive isotope that emits a gamma quantum will change in what respect?

The alpha radiation first classified by Rutherford was in fact which of the following?

What particle is emitted when 240Pu decays to 236U? (atomic numbers of Pu and U are,respectively,94 and 92)

Tritium has a half-life of 12.3 years.How many years will elapse when the radioactivity of a tritium sample diminishes to 35% of its original value?

The ratio of the numbers of neutrons to protons in the nucleus of naturally occurring isotopes tends to vary with atomic number in what manner?

Tritium has a half-life of 12.3 years.What proportion of its original radioactivity will a sample have after 2 years?

Chromium-55 (54.940 8 u)emits an electron leaving a daughter nucleus of manganese-55 (54.938 0 u).How much energy is released in this reaction? (1 u = 931.5 MeV/c2)

The original nucleus and the final nucleus will be different isotopes of the same element for which decay scheme of the original nucleus?

The isotope 14C cannot be used in dating old samples of which of the following?

The fact that the binding energy per nucleon does not depend very strongly on the volume of the nucleus indicates that

An alpha particle (mass = 6.68 × 10−27 kg)is emitted from a radioactive nucleus with a kinetic energy of 4.55 MeV.How fast is the alpha particle moving in m/s? (1 MeV = 1.6 × 10−13 J)

When radium-224 emits an alpha particle,the remaining daughter nucleus is which of the following?

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Neglecting recoil of the gold nucleus,how much kinetic energy must an alpha particle (charge = 2 × 1.6 × 10^-19 C)have to approach to within 5.70 × 10−¹⁴ m of a gold nucleus (charge = 79 × 1.6 × 10−¹⁹ C)? (k_e = 8.99 × 10⁹ N⋅m²/C² and 1 MeV = 1.6 × 10−¹³ J)

An ancient building was known to have been built 3 000 years ago.Approximately what proportion of Carbon-14 atoms are yet in the building's wooden framing compared to the number which were present at the time of its construction? (half life of ¹⁴C = 5 730 years)

What particle is emitted when ²⁴⁰Pu decays to ²³⁶U? (atomic numbers of Pu and U are,respectively,94 and 92)

Chromium-55 (54.940 8 u)emits an electron leaving a daughter nucleus of manganese-55 (54.938 0 u).How much energy is released in this reaction? (1 u = 931.5 MeV/c²)

The isotope ¹⁴C cannot be used in dating old samples of which of the following?

An alpha particle (mass = 6.68 × 10−²⁷ kg)is emitted from a radioactive nucleus with a kinetic energy of 4.55 MeV.How fast is the alpha particle moving in m/s? (1 MeV = 1.6 × 10−¹³ J)