Question 1

Rubidium $^{87}_{37}$ Rb is a naturally occurring isotope that undergoes β- decay. What isotope is the product of this decay?

Accepted Answer

A)  $^{87}_{36}$ Kr 
B)  $^{87}_{38}$ Kr 
C)  $^{87}_{37}$Rb 
D)  $^{87}_{36}$ Sr 
E)  $^{87}_{38}$Sr 
A)  $^{87}_{36}$ Kr 
B)  $^{87}_{38}$ Kr 
C)  $^{87}_{37}$Rb 
D)  $^{87}_{36}$ Sr 
E)  $^{87}_{38}$Sr E

Question 2

Determine the missing product X in the following nuclear reaction: 
$^{10} _{5} $B + neutron → X + alpha particle

Accepted Answer

$^{7}
_{3}
 Li$

Question 3

In beta-minus decay

Accepted Answer

A)  a proton is emitted. 
B)  a neutron is emitted. 
C)  an electron is emitted. 
D)  an electron decays into another particle. 
E)  a proton is transformed into a neutron. 
A)  a proton is emitted. 
B)  a neutron is emitted. 
C)  an electron is emitted. 
D)  an electron decays into another particle. 
E)  a proton is transformed into a neutron. C

Question 4

The stability of $^{36}_{17}$Cl with respect to alpha, beta-plus and beta-minus decay is to be determined. The following atomic masses are known: $^{4}_{2}$
 He: 4.002603 u $^{32}_{15}$P: 31.973907 u $^{36}_{16}$S: 35.967081 u $^{36}_{17}$Cl: 35.968307 u $^{38}_{18}$Ar: 35.967546 u The $^{36}_{17}$Cl nucleus is

Accepted Answer

A)  not subject to alpha, beta-plus or beta-minus decay. 
B)  subject to alpha decay only. 
C)  subject to beta-plus decay only. 
D)  subject to beta-minus decay only. 
E)  subject to beta-plus or beta-minus decay, but not to alpha decay. 
A)  not subject to alpha, beta-plus or beta-minus decay. 
B)  subject to alpha decay only. 
C)  subject to beta-plus decay only. 
D)  subject to beta-minus decay only. 
E)  subject to beta-plus or beta-minus decay, but not to alpha decay.

Question 5

A nucleus $^{N} 
_{M}
 X $undergoes one alpha decay followed by 3 beta-minus decays.
(a) What is the resulting nucleus in terms of M and N?
(b) If there had been 3 beta-plus decays instead of the beta-minus decays, what would have been the resulting nucleus in terms of M and N?

Accepted Answer

None

Question 6

What are the mass number, the atomic number, and neutron number for each of the following particles?
(a) proton
(b) neutron
(c) alpha particle

Accepted Answer

(a) 1, 1,

Question 7

In β- decay, the number of protons in the nucleus is

Accepted Answer

A)  decreased by 1. 
B)  decreased by 2. 
C)  increased by 1. 
D)  increased by 2. 
E)  remains unchanged. 
A)  decreased by 1. 
B)  decreased by 2. 
C)  increased by 1. 
D)  increased by 2. 
E)  remains unchanged.

Question 8

In massive stars, three helium nuclei fuse together, forming a carbon nucleus, and this reaction heats the core of the star. The net mass of the three helium nuclei must therefore be

Accepted Answer

A)  higher than that of the carbon nucleus. 
B)  less than that of the carbon nucleus. 
C)  the same as that of the carbon nucleus because mass is always conserved. 
D)  the same as that of the carbon nucleus because energy is always conserved. 
A)  higher than that of the carbon nucleus. 
B)  less than that of the carbon nucleus. 
C)  the same as that of the carbon nucleus because mass is always conserved. 
D)  the same as that of the carbon nucleus because energy is always conserved.

Question 9

What happens to the half-life of a radioactive substance as we increase its temperature?

Accepted Answer

A)  It does not change. 
B)  It increases. 
C)  It decreases at a constant rate. 
D)  It decreases at an exponential rate. 
A)  It does not change. 
B)  It increases. 
C)  It decreases at a constant rate. 
D)  It decreases at an exponential rate.

Question 10

A nuclear reaction is shown: $^{10}
_{5}
 B + ^{4}
_{2}
 He → 
^{1} 
_{1}
H + ?$ . Which one of the following isotopes is the missing nuclear product?

Accepted Answer

A)  $^{12}
_{9}
 F$ 
B)  $^{21}
_{7}
 N$ 
C)  $^{13}
_{6}
 C$ 
D)  $^{13}_{7}$ N 
E)   $^{14}_{7}$N 
A)  $^{12}
_{9}
 F$ 
B)  $^{21}
_{7}
 N$ 
C)  $^{13}
_{6}
 C$ 
D)  $^{13}_{7}$ N 
E)   $^{14}_{7}$N

Question 11

Scandium $^{43}_{21}$Sc decays by emitting a positron. What isotope is the product of this decay?

Accepted Answer

A)  $^{43}_{21}$Sc 
B)  $^{45}_{21}$Sc 
C)  $^{44}_{20}$Ca 
D)  $^{43}_{21}$ Ca 
E)  $^{44}_{22}$ Ti 
A)  $^{43}_{21}$Sc 
B)  $^{45}_{21}$Sc 
C)  $^{44}_{20}$Ca 
D)  $^{43}_{21}$ Ca 
E)  $^{44}_{22}$ Ti

Question 12

An old bone sample contains 321 g of carbon and has an activity of 947 decays/min due to the carbon-14 in it. The half-life of carbon-14 is 5730 y. Assume that the activity of the atmospheric carbon is, and has remained, 0.255 Bq per gram of carbon.
(a) How old is the sample?
(b) What will be the activity of the sample 2000 y from now, in decays per minute?

Accepted Answer

(a) 13,600

Question 13

What combination of quarks produces a neutron and what are the electric charges on these quarks, expressed in terms of e?

Accepted Answer

udd, with

Question 14

Suppose that in a certain collection of nuclei there were initially 1024 billion nuclei, and 20.0 minutes later there was only 1.00 billion nuclei left, the others having decayed. On the basis of this information, how many nuclei would you estimate decayed in the first 6.00 minutes?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Suppose that in a certain collection of...

Question 15

The half-life of radioactive iodine-137 is 8.0 days. How many iodine nuclei are necessary to produce an activity of 1.0 μCi? 
(1 Ci = 3.70 × 1010 Bq)

Accepted Answer

A)  2.9 × 109 
B)  4.6 × 109 
C)  3.7 × 1010 
D)  7.6 × 1012 
A)  2.9 × 109 
B)  4.6 × 109 
C)  3.7 × 1010 
D)  7.6 × 1012

Question 16

Neodymium $^{144}_{60}$ Nd is an isotope that undergoes alpha decay. What isotope is the product of this decay?

Accepted Answer

A)  $^{142}_{56}$Ba 
B)  $^{140}_{58}$ Ce 
C)  $^{140}_{59}$Pr 
D)  $^{142}_{62}$Sm 
E)  $^{146}_{64}$Gd 
A)  $^{142}_{56}$Ba 
B)  $^{140}_{58}$ Ce 
C)  $^{140}_{59}$Pr 
D)  $^{142}_{62}$Sm 
E)  $^{146}_{64}$Gd

Question 17

What mass of 14C, with a half-life of 5730 y, do you need to provide a decay rate of $280.0 \mathrm {~Bq} ?$ The mass of 14C is 14.00 u, and 1 u = 1.6605 × 10-27 kg.

Accepted Answer

A)  1.70 × 10-12 kg 
B)  5.38 × 10-19 kg 
C)  3.84 × 10-20 kg 
D)  8.68 × 10-13 kg 
A)  1.70 × 10-12 kg 
B)  5.38 × 10-19 kg 
C)  3.84 × 10-20 kg 
D)  8.68 × 10-13 kg

Question 18

The binding energy per nucleon of a nucleus

Accepted Answer

A)  increases steadily as we go to heavier elements. 
B)  decreases steadily as we go to heavier elements. 
C)  is approximately constant throughout the periodic table, except for very light nuclei. 
D)  has a maximum near iron in the periodic table and decreases after that for heavier elements. 
E)  has a minimum near iron in the periodic table and increases after that for heavier elements. 
A)  increases steadily as we go to heavier elements. 
B)  decreases steadily as we go to heavier elements. 
C)  is approximately constant throughout the periodic table, except for very light nuclei. 
D)  has a maximum near iron in the periodic table and decreases after that for heavier elements. 
E)  has a minimum near iron in the periodic table and increases after that for heavier elements.

Question 19

Two deuterium nuclei,$^{2}_{1}$H, fuse to produce a tritium nucleus, \(^{3}_{1}\H, plus an ordinary hydrogen nucleus, \(^{1}_{1}\ H. A neutral deuterium atom has a mass of 2.014102 u; a neutral tritium atom has a mass of 3.016050 u; a neutral hydrogen atom has a mass of 1.007825 u; a neutron has a mass of 1.008665 u; and a proton has a mass of 1.007277 u. How much energy is released in this fusion process? 
(1 u = 931.5 MeV/c2)

Accepted Answer

A)  3.03 MeV 
B)  3.53 MeV 
C)  4.03 MeV 
D)  4.53 MeV 
E)  6.58 MeV 
A)  3.03 MeV 
B)  3.53 MeV 
C)  4.03 MeV 
D)  4.53 MeV 
E)  6.58 MeV

Question 20

The isotope $^{235}_{92}$ U is radioactive and decays in a series to $^{227}_{90}$Th. In this series, the particles ejected from the nucleus are

Accepted Answer

A)  one alpha particle and three beta-minus particles. 
B)  three alpha particles and one beta-minus particle. 
C)  one alpha particle and four beta-minus particles. 
D)  four alpha particle and one beta-minus particle. 
E)  two alpha particles and two beta-minus particles. 
A)  one alpha particle and three beta-minus particles. 
B)  three alpha particles and one beta-minus particle. 
C)  one alpha particle and four beta-minus particles. 
D)  four alpha particle and one beta-minus particle. 
E)  two alpha particles and two beta-minus particles.

Exam 30: Nuclear Physics

Rubidium 3787^{87}_{37}3787​ Rb is a naturally occurring isotope that undergoes β- decay. What isotope is the product of this decay?

Determine the missing product X in the following nuclear reaction: 510^{10} _{5} 510​ B + neutron → X + alpha particle

In beta-minus decay

A nucleus MNX^{N} _{M} X MN​X undergoes one alpha decay followed by 3 beta-minus decays. (a) What is the resulting nucleus in terms of M and N? (b) If there had been 3 beta-plus decays instead of the beta-minus decays, what would have been the resulting nucleus in terms of M and N?

What are the mass number, the atomic number, and neutron number for each of the following particles? (a) proton (b) neutron (c) alpha particle

In β- decay, the number of protons in the nucleus is

In massive stars, three helium nuclei fuse together, forming a carbon nucleus, and this reaction heats the core of the star. The net mass of the three helium nuclei must therefore be

What happens to the half-life of a radioactive substance as we increase its temperature?

A nuclear reaction is shown: 510B+24He→11H+?^{10}_{5} B + ^{4}_{2} He → ^{1} _{1}H + ?510​B+24​He→11​H+? . Which one of the following isotopes is the missing nuclear product?

Scandium 2143^{43}_{21}2143​ Sc decays by emitting a positron. What isotope is the product of this decay?

What combination of quarks produces a neutron and what are the electric charges on these quarks, expressed in terms of e?

Suppose that in a certain collection of nuclei there were initially 1024 billion nuclei, and 20.0 minutes later there was only 1.00 billion nuclei left, the others having decayed. On the basis of this information, how many nuclei would you estimate decayed in the first 6.00 minutes?

The half-life of radioactive iodine-137 is 8.0 days. How many iodine nuclei are necessary to produce an activity of 1.0 μCi? (1 Ci = 3.70 × 1010 Bq)

Neodymium 60144^{144}_{60}60144​ Nd is an isotope that undergoes alpha decay. What isotope is the product of this decay?

What mass of 14C, with a half-life of 5730 y, do you need to provide a decay rate of 280.0 Bq?280.0 \mathrm {~Bq} ?280.0 Bq? The mass of 14C is 14.00 u, and 1 u = 1.6605 × 10-27 kg.

The binding energy per nucleon of a nucleus

The isotope 92235^{235}_{92}92235​ U is radioactive and decays in a series to 90227^{227}_{90}90227​ Th. In this series, the particles ejected from the nucleus are

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Filters

Rubidium $^{87}_{37}$ Rb is a naturally occurring isotope that undergoes β^- decay. What isotope is the product of this decay?

Determine the missing product X in the following nuclear reaction: $^{10} _{5}$ B + neutron → X + alpha particle

A nucleus $^{N} _{M} X$ undergoes one alpha decay followed by 3 beta-minus decays. (a) What is the resulting nucleus in terms of M and N? (b) If there had been 3 beta-plus decays instead of the beta-minus decays, what would have been the resulting nucleus in terms of M and N?

In β^- decay, the number of protons in the nucleus is

A nuclear reaction is shown: $^{10}_{5} B + ^{4}_{2} He → ^{1} _{1}H + ?$ . Which one of the following isotopes is the missing nuclear product?

Scandium $^{43}_{21}$ Sc decays by emitting a positron. What isotope is the product of this decay?

The half-life of radioactive iodine-137 is 8.0 days. How many iodine nuclei are necessary to produce an activity of 1.0 μCi? (1 Ci = 3.70 × 10¹⁰ Bq)

Neodymium $^{144}_{60}$ Nd is an isotope that undergoes alpha decay. What isotope is the product of this decay?

What mass of ¹⁴C, with a half-life of 5730 y, do you need to provide a decay rate of $280.0 \mathrm {~Bq} ?$ The mass of ¹⁴C is 14.00 u, and 1 u = 1.6605 × 10^-27 kg.

The isotope $^{235}_{92}$ U is radioactive and decays in a series to $^{227}_{90}$ Th. In this series, the particles ejected from the nucleus are