Question 1

If the temperature of an ideal gas is increased from 20°C to 40°C, by what percent does the speed of the molecules increase?

Accepted Answer

A)  3% 
B)  30% 
C)  70% 
D)  100% 
A)  3% 
B)  30% 
C)  70% 
D)  100% A

Question 2

An aluminum rod 17.400 cm long at 20°C is heated to 100°C. What is its new length? Aluminum has a linear expansion coefficient of 25 × 10-6 K-1.

Accepted Answer

A)  17.435 cm 
B)  17.365 cm 
C)  0.348 cm 
D)  0.0348 cm 
A)  17.435 cm 
B)  17.365 cm 
C)  0.348 cm 
D)  0.0348 cm A

Question 3

A 0.50 $m ^ { 3 }$ gas tank holds 3.0 moles of ideal diatomic nitrogen gas at a temperature of $350 \mathrm {~K} .$ The atomic mass of nitrogen is $14.0 \mathrm {~g} / \mathrm { mol }$ . What is the rms speed of the molecules? (The Boltzmann constant is 1.38 × 10-23 J/K, NA = 6.022 × 1023 molecules/mol.)

Accepted Answer

A)  560 
B)  790 
C)  390 
D)  21 
E)  97 
A)  560 
B)  790 
C)  390 
D)  21 
E)  97 A

Question 4

The coefficient of linear expansion for aluminum is 1.8 × 10-6 K-1. What is its coefficient of volume expansion?

Accepted Answer

A)  9.0 × 10-6 K-1 
B)  5.8 × 10-18 K-1 
C)  5.4 × 10-6 K-1 
D)  3.6 × 10-6 K-1 
E)  0.60 × 10-6 K-1 
A)  9.0 × 10-6 K-1 
B)  5.8 × 10-18 K-1 
C)  5.4 × 10-6 K-1 
D)  3.6 × 10-6 K-1 
E)  0.60 × 10-6 K-1

Question 5

Oxygen molecules are 16 times more massive than hydrogen molecules. At a given temperature, the average molecular kinetic energy of oxygen molecules, compared to that of hydrogen molecules,

Accepted Answer

A)  is greater. 
B)  is less. 
C)  is the same. 
D)  cannot be determined without knowing the pressure and volume. 
A)  is greater. 
B)  is less. 
C)  is the same. 
D)  cannot be determined without knowing the pressure and volume.

Question 6

A mole of diatomic oxygen molecules and a mole of diatomic nitrogen molecules are at STP. Which statements are true about these molecules? (There could be more than one correct choice.)

Accepted Answer

A)  Both gases have the same average molecular speeds. 
B)  Both gases have the same number of molecules. 
C)  Both gases have the same average kinetic energy per molecule. 
D)  Both gases have the same average momentum per molecule. 
A)  Both gases have the same average molecular speeds. 
B)  Both gases have the same number of molecules. 
C)  Both gases have the same average kinetic energy per molecule. 
D)  Both gases have the same average momentum per molecule.

Question 7

Two metal rods, one silver and the other copper, are both immersed at one end in a steam chamber at a temperature of 100°C. The other end of each one is in an ice water bath at 0°C. The rods are 5.0 cm long and have a square cross-section that is 2.0 cm on a side. No heat is exchanged between the rods and the surroundings, except at the ends. How much total heat flows through the two rods each minute? The thermal conductivity of silver is 417 W/m ∙ K, and that of copper is 395 W/m ∙ K.

Accepted Answer

A)  20 kJ 
B)  39 kJ 
C)  47 kJ 
D)  49 kJ 
E)  11 kJ 
A)  20 kJ 
B)  39 kJ 
C)  47 kJ 
D)  49 kJ 
E)  11 kJ

Question 8

A .20-kg ice cube at 0.0°C has sufficient heat added to it to cause total melting, and the resulting water is heated to $70.0 ^ { \circ } \mathrm { C }$ How much heat is added? For water LF = 334,000 J/kg, LV = 2.256 × 106 J/kg, the c = 4.186 x 103 J/kg ∙ C.

Accepted Answer

A)  130 kJ 
B)  14,000 kJ 
C)  81 kJ 
D)  59 kJ 
A)  130 kJ 
B)  14,000 kJ 
C)  81 kJ 
D)  59 kJ

Question 9

A gas expands from an initial volume of 0.040 m3 to a final volume of 0.085 m3 while its pressure increases linearly with the volume (so that the process follows a straight-line path in a pV diagram) from 110 kPa to 225 kPa. How much work is done by the gas during this expansion?

Accepted Answer

A)  5.2 kJ 
B)  7.5 kJ 
C)  7.8 kJ 
D)  11 kJ 
E)  12 kJ 
A)  5.2 kJ 
B)  7.5 kJ 
C)  7.8 kJ 
D)  11 kJ 
E)  12 kJ

Question 10

On his honeymoon, James Joule attempted to explore the relationships between various forms of energy by measuring the rise of temperature of water which had fallen down a waterfall on Mount Blanc. What maximum temperature rise would one expect for a waterfall with a vertical drop of 20 m? The specific heat of water is 4186 J/kg ∙ K.

Accepted Answer

A)  0.047 C° 
B)  0.053 C° 
C)  0.064 C° 
D)  0.071 C° 
A)  0.047 C° 
B)  0.053 C° 
C)  0.064 C° 
D)  0.071 C°

Question 11

A 920-g empty iron kettle is put on a stove. How much heat in joules must it absorb to raise its temperature form $15.0 ^ { \circ } \mathrm { C }$ to $93.0 ^ { \circ } \mathrm { C } \text { ? }$ The specific heat for iron is 113 cal/kg ∙ C°, and 1 cal = 4.186 J.

Accepted Answer

A)  33,900 J 
B)  40,500 J 
C)  8110 J 
D)  40,100 J 
A)  33,900 J 
B)  40,500 J 
C)  8110 J 
D)  40,100 J

Question 12

What is the net power radiated by a little animal with a surface area of 0.075 m2 if his emissivity is 0.75, his skin temperature is 315 K, and he is in a room with a temperature of 290 K? (σ = 5.67 × 10-8 W/m2 ∙ K4)

Accepted Answer

A)  8.8 W 
B)  6.0 W 
C)  8.0 W 
D)  15 W 
E)  18 W 
A)  8.8 W 
B)  6.0 W 
C)  8.0 W 
D)  15 W 
E)  18 W

Question 13

If you add 1.33 MJ of heat to 500 g of water at 50°C in a sealed container, what is the final temperature of the steam? The latent heat of vaporization of water is 22.6 × 105 J/kg, the specific heat of steam is 2010 J/kg ∙ K, and the specific heat of water is 4186 J/kg ∙ K.

Accepted Answer

A)  100°C 
B)  112°C 
C)  123°C 
D)  147°C 
E)  195°C 
A)  100°C 
B)  112°C 
C)  123°C 
D)  147°C 
E)  195°C

Question 14

A camper is about to drink his morning coffee. He pours 400 grams of coffee, initially at 75°C into a 250-g aluminum cup, initially at 16°C. What is the equilibrium temperature of the coffee-cup system, assuming no heat is lost to the surroundings? The specific heat of aluminum is 900 J/kg ∙ K, and the specific heat of coffee is essentially the same as that of water, which is 4186 J/kg ∙ K.

Accepted Answer

A)  45°C 
B)  62°C 
C)  65°C 
D)  68°C 
E)  71°C 
A)  45°C 
B)  62°C 
C)  65°C 
D)  68°C 
E)  71°C

Question 15

The figure shows a pV diagram for 8.3 g of ideal nitrogen gas N2 in a sealed container. The temperature of state 1 is 59°C, the atomic mass of the nitrogen atom is 14 g/mol, and R = 8.31 J/mol ∙ K. What are (a) pressure p1 and (b) temperature T2?

Accepted Answer

A)  (a) 81 atm, (b) 660°C 
B)  (a) 14 atm, (b) 660°C 
C)  (a) 81 atm, (b) 120°C 
D)  (a) 14 atm, (b) 120°C 
A)  (a) 81 atm, (b) 660°C 
B)  (a) 14 atm, (b) 660°C 
C)  (a) 81 atm, (b) 120°C 
D)  (a) 14 atm, (b) 120°C

Question 16

The coefficient of linear expansion of copper is 17 × 10-6 K-1 and that of steel is 12 × 10-6 K-1. At 12°C a steel rod has a diameter of 2.540 cm and a copper pipe has a diameter of 2.536 cm. If they are heated together to a higher temperature, which one of the following quantities is closest to the common temperature at which the steel rod will fit snugly in the copper pipe?

Accepted Answer

A)  310°C 
B)  330°C 
C)  340°C 
D)  350°C 
E)  380°C 
A)  310°C 
B)  330°C 
C)  340°C 
D)  350°C 
E)  380°C

Question 17

If 150 kcal of heat raises the temperature of 2.0 kg of a material by 400 F°, what is the specific heat capacity of the material?

Accepted Answer

A)  1.35 kcal/kg ∙ C° 
B)  0.75 kcal/kg ∙ C° 
C)  0.34 kcal/kg ∙ C° 
D)  0.19 kcal/kg ∙ C° 
A)  1.35 kcal/kg ∙ C° 
B)  0.75 kcal/kg ∙ C° 
C)  0.34 kcal/kg ∙ C° 
D)  0.19 kcal/kg ∙ C°

Question 18

A hole in a brass plate has a diameter of 1.200 cm at 20°C. What is the diameter of the hole when the plate is heated to 220°C? The coefficient of linear thermal expansion for brass is 19 × 10-6 K-1.

Accepted Answer

A)  1.205 cm 
B)  1.195 cm 
C)  1.200 cm 
D)  1.210 cm 
A)  1.205 cm 
B)  1.195 cm 
C)  1.200 cm 
D)  1.210 cm

Question 19

A 5.3 L flask of ideal neon gas (which is monatomic) is at a pressure of 6.0 atm and a temperature of $290 \mathrm {~K}$ The atomic mass of neon is 20.2 g/mol. What is the mass of the neon gas in the flask. (R = 8.31 J/mol ∙ K, 1 atm = 101 kPa, NA = 6.022 × 1023 molecules/mol)

Accepted Answer

A)  2.7 × 10-2 
B)  1.6 × 10-2 
C)  1.3 × 101 
D)  2.7 × 101 
E)  2.7 × 103 
A)  2.7 × 10-2 
B)  1.6 × 10-2 
C)  1.3 × 101 
D)  2.7 × 101 
E)  2.7 × 103

Question 20

A 90-g aluminum calorimeter contains 390 g of water at an equilibrium temperature of $20 ^ { \circ } \mathrm { C }$ A $160 - g$ piece of metal, initially at $305 ^ { \circ } \mathrm { C }$ is added to the calorimeter. The final temperature at equilibrium is 32° C. Assume there is no external heat exchange. The specific heat capacities of aluminum and water are 910 J/kg ∙ K (aluminum) and 4190 J/kg ∙ K (water). What is the specific heat capacity of the 160-g piece of metal?

Accepted Answer

A)  470 J/kg ∙ K 
B)  430 J/kg ∙ K 
C)  350 J/kg ∙ K 
D)  310 J/kg ∙ K 
E)  510 J/kg ∙ K 
A)  470 J/kg ∙ K 
B)  430 J/kg ∙ K 
C)  350 J/kg ∙ K 
D)  310 J/kg ∙ K 
E)  510 J/kg ∙ K

Exam 12: Thermal Properties of Matter

If the temperature of an ideal gas is increased from 20°C to 40°C, by what percent does the speed of the molecules increase?

An aluminum rod 17.400 cm long at 20°C is heated to 100°C. What is its new length? Aluminum has a linear expansion coefficient of 25 × 10-6 K-1.

The coefficient of linear expansion for aluminum is 1.8 × 10-6 K-1. What is its coefficient of volume expansion?

Oxygen molecules are 16 times more massive than hydrogen molecules. At a given temperature, the average molecular kinetic energy of oxygen molecules, compared to that of hydrogen molecules,

A mole of diatomic oxygen molecules and a mole of diatomic nitrogen molecules are at STP. Which statements are true about these molecules? (There could be more than one correct choice.)

A .20-kg ice cube at 0.0°C has sufficient heat added to it to cause total melting, and the resulting water is heated to 70.0∘C70.0 ^ { \circ } \mathrm { C }70.0∘C How much heat is added? For water LF = 334,000 J/kg, LV = 2.256 × 106 J/kg, the c = 4.186 x 103 J/kg ∙ C.

A gas expands from an initial volume of 0.040 m3 to a final volume of 0.085 m3 while its pressure increases linearly with the volume (so that the process follows a straight-line path in a pV diagram) from 110 kPa to 225 kPa. How much work is done by the gas during this expansion?

A 920-g empty iron kettle is put on a stove. How much heat in joules must it absorb to raise its temperature form 15.0∘C15.0 ^ { \circ } \mathrm { C }15.0∘C to 93.0∘C ? 93.0 ^ { \circ } \mathrm { C } \text { ? }93.0∘C ? The specific heat for iron is 113 cal/kg ∙ C°, and 1 cal = 4.186 J.

What is the net power radiated by a little animal with a surface area of 0.075 m2 if his emissivity is 0.75, his skin temperature is 315 K, and he is in a room with a temperature of 290 K? (σ = 5.67 × 10-8 W/m2 ∙ K4)

If you add 1.33 MJ of heat to 500 g of water at 50°C in a sealed container, what is the final temperature of the steam? The latent heat of vaporization of water is 22.6 × 105 J/kg, the specific heat of steam is 2010 J/kg ∙ K, and the specific heat of water is 4186 J/kg ∙ K.

The figure shows a pV diagram for 8.3 g of ideal nitrogen gas N2 in a sealed container. The temperature of state 1 is 59°C, the atomic mass of the nitrogen atom is 14 g/mol, and R = 8.31 J/mol ∙ K. What are (a) pressure p1 and (b) temperature T2?

If 150 kcal of heat raises the temperature of 2.0 kg of a material by 400 F°, what is the specific heat capacity of the material?

A hole in a brass plate has a diameter of 1.200 cm at 20°C. What is the diameter of the hole when the plate is heated to 220°C? The coefficient of linear thermal expansion for brass is 19 × 10-6 K-1.

A 5.3 L flask of ideal neon gas (which is monatomic) is at a pressure of 6.0 atm and a temperature of 290 K290 \mathrm {~K}290 K The atomic mass of neon is 20.2 g/mol. What is the mass of the neon gas in the flask. (R = 8.31 J/mol ∙ K, 1 atm = 101 kPa, NA = 6.022 × 1023 molecules/mol)

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An aluminum rod 17.400 cm long at 20°C is heated to 100°C. What is its new length? Aluminum has a linear expansion coefficient of 25 × 10^-6 K^-1.

The coefficient of linear expansion for aluminum is 1.8 × 10^-6 K^-1. What is its coefficient of volume expansion?

A .20-kg ice cube at 0.0°C has sufficient heat added to it to cause total melting, and the resulting water is heated to $70.0 ^ { \circ } \mathrm { C }$ How much heat is added? For water L_F = 334,000 J/kg, L_V = 2.256 × 10⁶ J/kg, the c = 4.186 x 10³ J/kg ∙ C.

A gas expands from an initial volume of 0.040 m³ to a final volume of 0.085 m³ while its pressure increases linearly with the volume (so that the process follows a straight-line path in a pV diagram) from 110 kPa to 225 kPa. How much work is done by the gas during this expansion?

A 920-g empty iron kettle is put on a stove. How much heat in joules must it absorb to raise its temperature form $15.0 ^ { \circ } \mathrm { C }$ to $93.0 ^ { \circ } \mathrm { C } \text { ? }$ The specific heat for iron is 113 cal/kg ∙ C°, and 1 cal = 4.186 J.

What is the net power radiated by a little animal with a surface area of 0.075 m² if his emissivity is 0.75, his skin temperature is 315 K, and he is in a room with a temperature of 290 K? (σ = 5.67 × 10^-8 W/m² ∙ K⁴)

If you add 1.33 MJ of heat to 500 g of water at 50°C in a sealed container, what is the final temperature of the steam? The latent heat of vaporization of water is 22.6 × 10⁵ J/kg, the specific heat of steam is 2010 J/kg ∙ K, and the specific heat of water is 4186 J/kg ∙ K.

The figure shows a pV diagram for 8.3 g of ideal nitrogen gas N₂ in a sealed container. The temperature of state 1 is 59°C, the atomic mass of the nitrogen atom is 14 g/mol, and R = 8.31 J/mol ∙ K. What are (a) pressure p₁ and (b) temperature T₂?

A hole in a brass plate has a diameter of 1.200 cm at 20°C. What is the diameter of the hole when the plate is heated to 220°C? The coefficient of linear thermal expansion for brass is 19 × 10^-6 K^-1.

A 5.3 L flask of ideal neon gas (which is monatomic) is at a pressure of 6.0 atm and a temperature of $290 \mathrm {~K}$ The atomic mass of neon is 20.2 g/mol. What is the mass of the neon gas in the flask. (R = 8.31 J/mol ∙ K, 1 atm = 101 kPa, N_A = 6.022 × 10²³ molecules/mol)