Exam 1:  The Foundation of Ethical Thought

Sidgwick's dualism argues that _______________ is necessary in an individual's actions.

In a short essay, list and discuss the three teleological frameworks. a. Ethical egoism-based on the belief that every individual should act in a way to promote himself or herself if the net result will generate, on balance, positive rather than negative results. b. Utilitarianism-can be based on single acts of individuals (act utilitarianism) or on guiding behavior indirectly through an evaluation of ethical conduct via rules procedures (rule utilitarianism). c. Sidgwick's dualism-attempted to bridge the gap between the two competing frameworks of ethical egoism and utilitarianism. At the core of the argument is that both previous theories had elements of using cost-benefit analysis to help analyze the actions of individuals. Sidgwick's dualism attempted to resolve the fundamental difference of whether the actions for one's self-benefit impact just the individual or others.

_____________ is a prescribed course of action that attempts to ensure that ethical behavior will be followed in the future.

In a short essay, list and discuss five of the seven deadly sins described as one of the founding areas of guidance for those unsure about their ethical standing. a. Lust-defined as the trait of an individual who has obsessive and compulsive continuous thoughts of sexual desire b. Gluttony-defined as when an individual over indulges and over consumes anything good to the point that the good is wasted when it is consumed c. Greed-defined as an excessive desire by the individual to obtain wealth, status, and power d. Sloth-can be defined as being lazy and indifferent about one's own actions e. Wrath-defined as an uncontrollable level of anger or rage f. Envy-relates to focusing on one's own self-interests in the desire to obtain qualities or possessions of another person g. Pride-relates to being considered above or "superior" to another person

The average Panera Cares Café will generate revenues of ___________ and profits of __________ per month.

What allows animal instincts to control the appetite of an individual?

The ____________ principle is based on the belief that it is the employee's responsibility to honor the commitments he or she has made to the firm.

In a short essay, list and discuss five of the seven guiding principles that W.D. Ross presented as the basis of how individuals develop a level of intuition that becomes incorporated in their decision-making process. a. Fidelity-an individual needs to keep explicit and implicit promises b. Reparation-an individual must act on repairing the consequences for previous wrongful acts c. Gratitude-an individual must be able to show gratitude for the kindnesses that others have given him or her d. Justice-an individual should try to see that any goods are fairly distributed e. Beneficence-an individual should focus on trying to improve the lives of others f. Self-improvement-an individual should improve himself or herself by focusing on virtue and intelligence g. Noninjury-an individual should not cause any harm to others

The _____________ principle is based on the assumption that every employee should act as a responsible citizen in the community.

Which of the following ethical frameworks focuses on the duty or obligation in determining whether the actions are wrong or right?

The _____________ principle is the belief that employees have a responsibility to supply information when it is requested by various stakeholders.

Ethical egoism is represented in self-improvement, and utilitarianism is represented in beneficence and noninjury.

Which of the following is used when an observer wants to understand the cause of events that generated the ethical issue?

In a short essay, list and describe five of the eight major underlying principles in which ethical behavior can be interpreted and evaluated. a. Fiduciary principle-the traditional components of fiduciary duty include ensuring that there are no actual or potential conflicts of interest given the actions of the employee. It also is implied that each employee will not put his or her self-interests above the interest of the firm b. Property principle-based on the belief that every employee should respect property as well as the rights of the owners of the property c. Reliability principle-based on the belief that it is the employee's responsibility to honor commitments he or she has made to the firm d. Transparency principle-based on the belief that every employee should conduct business in a truthful and open manner e. Dignity principle-based on the belief that each employee needs to respect the dignity of all individuals f. Fairness principle-based on the belief that stakeholders who have a vested interest in the firm should be treated fairly g. Citizenship principle-based on the belief that every employee should act as a responsible citizen in the community h. Responsiveness principle-based on the belief that employees have a responsibility to respond to requests for information about the operations from the various stakeholders

Which of the following is not one of Ross's seven guiding principles?

Within the analytical ethics context, there is no interpretation of the facts or assumptions concerning why certain courses of action took place.

Which of the following is not an example of fairness?

How is the price of a meal determined at a Panera Cares Café?

Supporters of _______________ state that this theory is the only one that captures the essence of benevolent behavior.

Contractarianism is based on the underlying belief that the only person who can determine right or wrong is based on the free will of the person making the decision.