Question 1

Which disorder involves a reduction in the number of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta that control activity in the basal ganglia?

Accepted Answer

A) transcranial deficit 
B) Parkinson's disease 
C) Huntington's disease 
D) apraxia 
A) transcranial deficit 
B) Parkinson's disease 
C) Huntington's disease 
D) apraxia B

Question 2

Skill memories:

Accepted Answer

A) can only be retrieved with conscious awareness. 
B) are considered to be declarative memories. 
C) are improved by repeated experiences. 
D) can be communicated to others easily in many different ways. 
A) can only be retrieved with conscious awareness. 
B) are considered to be declarative memories. 
C) are improved by repeated experiences. 
D) can be communicated to others easily in many different ways. C

Question 3

Explain the difference between perceptual-motor skills and cognitive skills.Give an example of a task that involves both perceptual-motor skills and cognitive skills,making sure to explain the involvement of each type of skill.

Accepted Answer

Grading criteria: Clarify the distinction between moving the body in response to perceived stimuli and using the brain to solve problems;give example of single task (e.g. ,tool usage)and how it utilizes both types of skills.

Question 4

Which area of the brain is particularly important for controlling the velocity,direction,and amplitude of movements?

Accepted Answer

A) basal ganglia 
B) cerebral cortex 
C) cerebellum 
D) brainstem 
A) basal ganglia 
B) cerebral cortex 
C) cerebellum 
D) brainstem

Question 5

What has been found regarding the impact of sleep on people's ability to perform a sequenced finger-tapping task?

Accepted Answer

A) Practicing two skills on the same day can interfere with retention of the second skill practiced. 
B) Practicing two skills on the same day can interfere with retention of the first skill practiced. 
C) Reviewing a recently-learned skill before beginning to practice a new one can interfere with retention of the new skill. 
D) Reviewing a recently-learned skill before beginning to practice a new one can interfere with retention of both skills. 
A) Practicing two skills on the same day can interfere with retention of the second skill practiced. 
B) Practicing two skills on the same day can interfere with retention of the first skill practiced. 
C) Reviewing a recently-learned skill before beginning to practice a new one can interfere with retention of the new skill. 
D) Reviewing a recently-learned skill before beginning to practice a new one can interfere with retention of both skills.

Question 6

Describe how the cerebellum,cerebral cortex,and basal ganglia are each involved in learning to dive from a diving board.

Accepted Answer

Grading criteria: Use diving e

Question 7

Which of the following is true regarding skill decay?

Accepted Answer

A) It can occur because of interference from newer skills. 
B) It happens more for perceptual-motor skills than for cognitive skills. 
C) It occurs at a fairly steady rate. 
D) There is less decay if multiple skills are practiced on the same day. 
A) It can occur because of interference from newer skills. 
B) It happens more for perceptual-motor skills than for cognitive skills. 
C) It occurs at a fairly steady rate. 
D) There is less decay if multiple skills are practiced on the same day.

Question 8

Which of the following is an example of a perceptual-motor skill?

Accepted Answer

A) remembering material for an exam 
B) managing your time 
C) skiing 
D) solving a puzzle 
A) remembering material for an exam 
B) managing your time 
C) skiing 
D) solving a puzzle

Question 9

Describe the procedure and results of any one study that tested the impact of basal ganglia lesions on skill learning.

Accepted Answer

Grading criteria: Studies incl

Question 10

Researchers studying expertise sometimes focus on the abilities of professionals (athletes,chess masters,etc. )because:

Accepted Answer

A) the researchers have a great deal of control over the environmental variables affecting such people. 
B) thee performance of professionals is usually easy to quantify. 
C) these areas only require cognitive skills,which are the most interesting to researchers. 
D) professionals all have roughly the same level of expertise,which eliminates variability in the data. 
A) the researchers have a great deal of control over the environmental variables affecting such people. 
B) thee performance of professionals is usually easy to quantify. 
C) these areas only require cognitive skills,which are the most interesting to researchers. 
D) professionals all have roughly the same level of expertise,which eliminates variability in the data.

Question 11

The cerebellum is:

Accepted Answer

A) important for learning motions that involve precise timing. 
B) only present in a few species. 
C) particularly important for linking sensory events to motor responses. 
D) involved in performing skills but not in learning them by watching others perform them. 
A) important for learning motions that involve precise timing. 
B) only present in a few species. 
C) particularly important for linking sensory events to motor responses. 
D) involved in performing skills but not in learning them by watching others perform them.

Question 12

People with Parkinson's disease:

Accepted Answer

A) can be treated with deep brain stimulation. 
B) have trouble with mirror-reading tasks. 
C) usually begin experiencing symptoms in their 20s. 
D) have abnormally high levels of dopamine. 
A) can be treated with deep brain stimulation. 
B) have trouble with mirror-reading tasks. 
C) usually begin experiencing symptoms in their 20s. 
D) have abnormally high levels of dopamine.

Question 13

Which of the following is true?

Accepted Answer

A) Playing violent action video games can increase visual attention abilities. 
B) Playing any kind of video games can increase visual attention abilities. 
C) The effects of playing video games are apparent after just 10 minutes of practice. 
D) The effects of playing video games are restricted to the games themselves and do not carry over to other tasks. 
A) Playing violent action video games can increase visual attention abilities. 
B) Playing any kind of video games can increase visual attention abilities. 
C) The effects of playing video games are apparent after just 10 minutes of practice. 
D) The effects of playing video games are restricted to the games themselves and do not carry over to other tasks.

Question 14

Which of the following demonstrates that non-human animals can learn cognitive skills?

Accepted Answer

A) Chimpanzees in the wild have learned how to use stones to crack nuts. 
B) Dolphins can learn to repeat whatever action they had performed most recently when instructed to do so by a trainer. 
C) In the lab,experimenters have taught primates and other animals to use various tools. 
D) All of the answers are correct. 
A) Chimpanzees in the wild have learned how to use stones to crack nuts. 
B) Dolphins can learn to repeat whatever action they had performed most recently when instructed to do so by a trainer. 
C) In the lab,experimenters have taught primates and other animals to use various tools. 
D) All of the answers are correct.

Question 15

During learning of a mirror-reading task,the left cerebellum shows ______ activity,and the right cerebellum shows________ activity.

Accepted Answer

A) increased;decreased 
B) decreased;increased 
C) increased;no change in 
D) no change in;decreased 
A) increased;decreased 
B) decreased;increased 
C) increased;no change in 
D) no change in;decreased

Question 16

As people learn a new perceptual-motor skill,the amount of cortex that is active ____ with practice.

Accepted Answer

A) increases steadily 
B) decreases steadily 
C) increases rapidly at first,and then more slowly 
D) increases slowly at first,and then more rapidly 
A) increases steadily 
B) decreases steadily 
C) increases rapidly at first,and then more slowly 
D) increases slowly at first,and then more rapidly

Question 17

Which of the following is an example of a cognitive skill?

Accepted Answer

A) running up the stairs 
B) buttoning your coat 
C) organizing your class schedule 
D) opening a door 
A) running up the stairs 
B) buttoning your coat 
C) organizing your class schedule 
D) opening a door

Question 18

If a teenager is driven from home to school,he may learn the route without consciously trying to do so.This is an example of:

Accepted Answer

A) massed practice. 
B) implicit learning. 
C) skill decay. 
D) the power law of learning. 
A) massed practice. 
B) implicit learning. 
C) skill decay. 
D) the power law of learning.

Question 19

Learned movement patterns guided by sensory inputs are called ______,while skills requiring the use of the brain to solve problems or apply strategies are called _____.

Accepted Answer

A) closed skills;open skills 
B) open skills;cognitive skills 
C) perceptual-motor skills;cognitive skills 
D) perceptual-motor skills;open skills 
A) closed skills;open skills 
B) open skills;cognitive skills 
C) perceptual-motor skills;cognitive skills 
D) perceptual-motor skills;open skills

Question 20

An expert is someone who:

Accepted Answer

A) is able to master a skill with very little effort. 
B) has a natural ability to perform a skill. 
C) combines natural ability with lots of practice to perfect a skill. 
D) performs a skill better than most people. 
A) is able to master a skill with very little effort. 
B) has a natural ability to perform a skill. 
C) combines natural ability with lots of practice to perfect a skill. 
D) performs a skill better than most people.

Which disorder involves a reduction in the number of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta that control activity in the basal ganglia?

Skill memories:

Explain the difference between perceptual-motor skills and cognitive skills.Give an example of a task that involves both perceptual-motor skills and cognitive skills,making sure to explain the involvement of each type of skill.

Which area of the brain is particularly important for controlling the velocity,direction,and amplitude of movements?

What has been found regarding the impact of sleep on people's ability to perform a sequenced finger-tapping task?

Describe how the cerebellum,cerebral cortex,and basal ganglia are each involved in learning to dive from a diving board.

Which of the following is true regarding skill decay?

Which of the following is an example of a perceptual-motor skill?

Describe the procedure and results of any one study that tested the impact of basal ganglia lesions on skill learning.

Researchers studying expertise sometimes focus on the abilities of professionals (athletes,chess masters,etc. )because:

The cerebellum is:

People with Parkinson's disease:

Which of the following is true?

Which of the following demonstrates that non-human animals can learn cognitive skills?

During learning of a mirror-reading task,the left cerebellum shows activity,and the right cerebellum shows__ activity.

As people learn a new perceptual-motor skill,the amount of cortex that is active ____ with practice.

Which of the following is an example of a cognitive skill?

If a teenager is driven from home to school,he may learn the route without consciously trying to do so.This is an example of:

Learned movement patterns guided by sensory inputs are called __,while skills requiring the use of the brain to solve problems or apply strategies are called _.

An expert is someone who:

The Psychology of Learning and Memory

The Neuroscience of Learning and Memory

Habituation, Sensitization, and Familiarization: Learning About Repeated Events

Classical Conditioning: Learning to Predict Important Events

Operant Conditioning: Learning the Outcome of Behaviors

Generalization and Discrimination Learning

Episodic and Semantic Memory: Memory for Facts and Events

Working Memory and Cognitive Control

Emotional Influences on Learning and Memory

Social Learning and Memory: Observing, Interacting, and Reenacting

Development and Aging: Learning and Memory Across the Lifespan

Filters

Exam 8: Skill Memory: Learning by Doing

Which disorder involves a reduction in the number of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta that control activity in the basal ganglia?

Skill memories:

Explain the difference between perceptual-motor skills and cognitive skills.Give an example of a task that involves both perceptual-motor skills and cognitive skills,making sure to explain the involvement of each type of skill.

Which area of the brain is particularly important for controlling the velocity,direction,and amplitude of movements?

What has been found regarding the impact of sleep on people's ability to perform a sequenced finger-tapping task?

Describe how the cerebellum,cerebral cortex,and basal ganglia are each involved in learning to dive from a diving board.

Which of the following is true regarding skill decay?

Which of the following is an example of a perceptual-motor skill?

Describe the procedure and results of any one study that tested the impact of basal ganglia lesions on skill learning.

Researchers studying expertise sometimes focus on the abilities of professionals (athletes,chess masters,etc. )because:

The cerebellum is:

People with Parkinson's disease:

Which of the following is true?

Which of the following demonstrates that non-human animals can learn cognitive skills?

During learning of a mirror-reading task,the left cerebellum shows ______ activity,and the right cerebellum shows________ activity.

As people learn a new perceptual-motor skill,the amount of cortex that is active ____ with practice.

Which of the following is an example of a cognitive skill?

If a teenager is driven from home to school,he may learn the route without consciously trying to do so.This is an example of:

Learned movement patterns guided by sensory inputs are called ______,while skills requiring the use of the brain to solve problems or apply strategies are called _____.

An expert is someone who:

The Psychology of Learning and Memory

The Neuroscience of Learning and Memory

Habituation, Sensitization, and Familiarization: Learning About Repeated Events

Classical Conditioning: Learning to Predict Important Events

Operant Conditioning: Learning the Outcome of Behaviors

Generalization and Discrimination Learning

Episodic and Semantic Memory: Memory for Facts and Events

Working Memory and Cognitive Control

Emotional Influences on Learning and Memory

Social Learning and Memory: Observing, Interacting, and Reenacting

Development and Aging: Learning and Memory Across the Lifespan

Filters

During learning of a mirror-reading task,the left cerebellum shows activity,and the right cerebellum shows__ activity.

Learned movement patterns guided by sensory inputs are called __,while skills requiring the use of the brain to solve problems or apply strategies are called _.