Question 1

Watching the TV show Teletubbies is MOST likely to lead to imitation by child viewers if the:

Accepted Answer

A) environment in which the Teletubbies live is simple and colorful. 
B) Teletubbies occasionally behave aggressively rather than cooperatively. 
C) Teletubbies speak using a normal adult voice. 
D) children perceive the Teletubbies as being similar to themselves. 
A) environment in which the Teletubbies live is simple and colorful. 
B) Teletubbies occasionally behave aggressively rather than cooperatively. 
C) Teletubbies speak using a normal adult voice. 
D) children perceive the Teletubbies as being similar to themselves. D

Question 2

Ella observed her father cleaning up toys by putting them all in a large bin,and then carrying the bin over to the corner.The next time Ella had to clean up her toys,she left the bin in the corner and carried the toys to it one by one.This is an example of:

Accepted Answer

A) perspective taking. 
B) stimulus matching. 
C) emulation. 
D) true imitation. 
A) perspective taking. 
B) stimulus matching. 
C) emulation. 
D) true imitation. C

Question 3

When chimpanzees were trained to copy a behavior whenever a researcher said "Do this!" the chimpanzees could:

Accepted Answer

A) only copy behaviors that they were already familiar with. 
B) copy one or two new behaviors. 
C) copy many new behaviors. 
D) not copy any behaviors. 
A) only copy behaviors that they were already familiar with. 
B) copy one or two new behaviors. 
C) copy many new behaviors. 
D) not copy any behaviors. C

Question 4

Describe the four basic processes involved in how humans learn by copying,according to Bandura's social learning theory.

Accepted Answer

Grading criteria: Describe the

Question 5

The process in which an observer learns something new through experiences with others is called:

Accepted Answer

A) observational conditioning. 
B) stimulus enhancement. 
C) social transmission of information. 
D) contagion. 
A) observational conditioning. 
B) stimulus enhancement. 
C) social transmission of information. 
D) contagion.

Question 6

The two-action test involves training two animals to perform:

Accepted Answer

A) the same action,leading to the same outcome. 
B) two different actions,leading to two different outcomes. 
C) the same action,leading to two different outcomes. 
D) two different actions,leading to the same outcome. 
A) the same action,leading to the same outcome. 
B) two different actions,leading to two different outcomes. 
C) the same action,leading to two different outcomes. 
D) two different actions,leading to the same outcome.

Question 7

Which of the following is an example of a task that would be required in a two-action test?

Accepted Answer

A) A pigeon has to first turn in a circle and then peck at a light to obtain access to food. 
B) Two pigeons have to peck at the same light for either of them to obtain access to food. 
C) Two dolphins are taught to swim to a trainer for a fish reward,one by swimming through a tunnel and the other by swimming in a wiggly path. 
D) Two apes are trained to retrieve a toy using a stick.One is rewarded with a banana,and the other is rewarded with an orange. 
A) A pigeon has to first turn in a circle and then peck at a light to obtain access to food. 
B) Two pigeons have to peck at the same light for either of them to obtain access to food. 
C) Two dolphins are taught to swim to a trainer for a fish reward,one by swimming through a tunnel and the other by swimming in a wiggly path. 
D) Two apes are trained to retrieve a toy using a stick.One is rewarded with a banana,and the other is rewarded with an orange.

Question 8

Tony is excited when he watches his high school football team win the championship.He decides to try out for the team the following year,hoping that he will get to enjoy the same excitement he observes in the players he sees on the team.His behavior demonstrates that people are more likely to copy models:

Accepted Answer

A) who are similar to themselves. 
B) whom they admire. 
C) when the outcome is desirable. 
D) when they have the motor capabilities to perform the same actions. 
A) who are similar to themselves. 
B) whom they admire. 
C) when the outcome is desirable. 
D) when they have the motor capabilities to perform the same actions.

Question 9

John's friends don't smoke,but many of John's favorite movie stars do smoke.John has decided to take up smoking.His behavior demonstrates that people are more likely to copy models:

Accepted Answer

A) who are similar to themselves. 
B) whom they admire. 
C) when the outcome is desirable. 
D) when they have stored a memory of the model performing the behavior. 
A) who are similar to themselves. 
B) whom they admire. 
C) when the outcome is desirable. 
D) when they have stored a memory of the model performing the behavior.

Question 10

It was observed that some birds in England were learning to puncture the tops of milk bottles to get the cream.One explanation was that the birds' attention was being drawn to the milk bottles by other birds that had discovered this "trick." Which phenomenon does this explanation demonstrate?

Accepted Answer

A) observational conditioning 
B) contagion 
C) imitation 
D) stimulus enhancement 
A) observational conditioning 
B) contagion 
C) imitation 
D) stimulus enhancement

Question 11

Give an example of a behavior that appears to be imitation but can also be explained by stimulus enhancement.Explain how stimulus enhancement would give rise to this behavior.

Accepted Answer

Grading criteria: Give a relev

Question 12

People with frontal-lobe damage who exhibit deficits in the ability to imitate:

Accepted Answer

A) can still imitate an action when instructed to do so. 
B) can still imitate an action when they observe someone performing the action. 
C) may have problems with inhibiting imitation. 
D) usually show deficits in executive-control functions. 
A) can still imitate an action when instructed to do so. 
B) can still imitate an action when they observe someone performing the action. 
C) may have problems with inhibiting imitation. 
D) usually show deficits in executive-control functions.

Question 13

The findings with frontal lobe patients who exhibit deficits in the ability to imitate suggest that the frontal lobes:

Accepted Answer

A) are important for visually matching an observed action to the memory of that action. 
B) are important for matching a sound produced by someone else to the memory of that sound. 
C) play a role in inhibiting imitation. 
D) play a role in enhancing imitation. 
A) are important for visually matching an observed action to the memory of that action. 
B) are important for matching a sound produced by someone else to the memory of that sound. 
C) play a role in inhibiting imitation. 
D) play a role in enhancing imitation.

Question 14

The only mammals other than humans that can learn to sing a song by hearing it are:

Accepted Answer

A) chimpanzees. 
B) dolphins. 
C) gorillas. 
D) whales. 
A) chimpanzees. 
B) dolphins. 
C) gorillas. 
D) whales.

Question 15

Which of the following is true?

Accepted Answer

A) All animals that can vocalize can learn to do it by using vocal imitation. 
B) All animals that can vocalize can learn vocally to some extent. 
C) All animals can learn vocally. 
D) All animals that vocally learn must be able to vocally imitate. 
A) All animals that can vocalize can learn to do it by using vocal imitation. 
B) All animals that can vocalize can learn vocally to some extent. 
C) All animals can learn vocally. 
D) All animals that vocally learn must be able to vocally imitate.

Question 16

Stimulus matching refers to:

Accepted Answer

A) copying the exact actions that are observed. 
B) directly comparing a generated stimulus with an observed stimulus. 
C) copying the end result of a behavior that is observed. 
D) being able to imagine oneself in the place of another person. 
A) copying the exact actions that are observed. 
B) directly comparing a generated stimulus with an observed stimulus. 
C) copying the end result of a behavior that is observed. 
D) being able to imagine oneself in the place of another person.

Question 17

Studies of social transmission of food preferences in rats have shown that damage to the neurons in the:

Accepted Answer

A) basal forebrain that modulate hippocampal activity disrupts their future ability to learn about novel foods from other rats. 
B) basal forebrain that modulate hippocampal activity disrupts previously-acquired food preferences. 
C) hippocampus that modulate cortical activity disrupts their future ability to learn about novel foods from other rats. 
D) hippocampus that modulate cortical activity disrupts previously-acquired food preferences. 
A) basal forebrain that modulate hippocampal activity disrupts their future ability to learn about novel foods from other rats. 
B) basal forebrain that modulate hippocampal activity disrupts previously-acquired food preferences. 
C) hippocampus that modulate cortical activity disrupts their future ability to learn about novel foods from other rats. 
D) hippocampus that modulate cortical activity disrupts previously-acquired food preferences.

Question 18

In Bandura and colleagues' Bobo doll study (1961),it was found that children were more likely to behave aggressively if:

Accepted Answer

A) they had been rewarded for behaving aggressively. 
B) they first observed an adult behaving aggressively. 
C) there were other children in the room with them. 
D) they were explicitly told to behave aggressively. 
A) they had been rewarded for behaving aggressively. 
B) they first observed an adult behaving aggressively. 
C) there were other children in the room with them. 
D) they were explicitly told to behave aggressively.

Question 19

People with Asperger's syndrome:

Accepted Answer

A) usually do not speak at all. 
B) have reduced intellectual abilities. 
C) are less likely to speak fluently than are people with autism. 
D) have normal intellectual abilities but a reduced capacity for social skills. 
A) usually do not speak at all. 
B) have reduced intellectual abilities. 
C) are less likely to speak fluently than are people with autism. 
D) have normal intellectual abilities but a reduced capacity for social skills.

Question 20

Payton observed his father raking up leaves in the front yard.Payton proceeded to get a rake and rake up leaves just like his father did.This is an example of:

Accepted Answer

A) perspective taking. 
B) stimulus matching. 
C) emulation. 
D) true imitation. 
A) perspective taking. 
B) stimulus matching. 
C) emulation. 
D) true imitation.

Watching the TV show Teletubbies is MOST likely to lead to imitation by child viewers if the:

Ella observed her father cleaning up toys by putting them all in a large bin,and then carrying the bin over to the corner.The next time Ella had to clean up her toys,she left the bin in the corner and carried the toys to it one by one.This is an example of:

When chimpanzees were trained to copy a behavior whenever a researcher said "Do this!" the chimpanzees could:

Describe the four basic processes involved in how humans learn by copying,according to Bandura's social learning theory.

The process in which an observer learns something new through experiences with others is called:

The two-action test involves training two animals to perform:

Which of the following is an example of a task that would be required in a two-action test?

John's friends don't smoke,but many of John's favorite movie stars do smoke.John has decided to take up smoking.His behavior demonstrates that people are more likely to copy models:

It was observed that some birds in England were learning to puncture the tops of milk bottles to get the cream.One explanation was that the birds' attention was being drawn to the milk bottles by other birds that had discovered this "trick." Which phenomenon does this explanation demonstrate?

Give an example of a behavior that appears to be imitation but can also be explained by stimulus enhancement.Explain how stimulus enhancement would give rise to this behavior.

People with frontal-lobe damage who exhibit deficits in the ability to imitate:

The findings with frontal lobe patients who exhibit deficits in the ability to imitate suggest that the frontal lobes:

The only mammals other than humans that can learn to sing a song by hearing it are:

Which of the following is true?

Stimulus matching refers to:

Studies of social transmission of food preferences in rats have shown that damage to the neurons in the:

In Bandura and colleagues' Bobo doll study (1961),it was found that children were more likely to behave aggressively if:

People with Asperger's syndrome:

Payton observed his father raking up leaves in the front yard.Payton proceeded to get a rake and rake up leaves just like his father did.This is an example of:

The Psychology of Learning and Memory

The Neuroscience of Learning and Memory

Habituation, Sensitization, and Familiarization: Learning About Repeated Events

Classical Conditioning: Learning to Predict Important Events

Operant Conditioning: Learning the Outcome of Behaviors

Generalization and Discrimination Learning

Episodic and Semantic Memory: Memory for Facts and Events

Skill Memory: Learning by Doing

Working Memory and Cognitive Control

Emotional Influences on Learning and Memory

Development and Aging: Learning and Memory Across the Lifespan

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Exam 11: Social Learning and Memory: Observing, Interacting, and Reenacting

Watching the TV show Teletubbies is MOST likely to lead to imitation by child viewers if the:

Ella observed her father cleaning up toys by putting them all in a large bin,and then carrying the bin over to the corner.The next time Ella had to clean up her toys,she left the bin in the corner and carried the toys to it one by one.This is an example of:

When chimpanzees were trained to copy a behavior whenever a researcher said "Do this!" the chimpanzees could:

Describe the four basic processes involved in how humans learn by copying,according to Bandura's social learning theory.

The process in which an observer learns something new through experiences with others is called:

The two-action test involves training two animals to perform:

Which of the following is an example of a task that would be required in a two-action test?

John's friends don't smoke,but many of John's favorite movie stars do smoke.John has decided to take up smoking.His behavior demonstrates that people are more likely to copy models:

It was observed that some birds in England were learning to puncture the tops of milk bottles to get the cream.One explanation was that the birds' attention was being drawn to the milk bottles by other birds that had discovered this "trick." Which phenomenon does this explanation demonstrate?

Give an example of a behavior that appears to be imitation but can also be explained by stimulus enhancement.Explain how stimulus enhancement would give rise to this behavior.

People with frontal-lobe damage who exhibit deficits in the ability to imitate:

The findings with frontal lobe patients who exhibit deficits in the ability to imitate suggest that the frontal lobes:

The only mammals other than humans that can learn to sing a song by hearing it are:

Which of the following is true?

Stimulus matching refers to:

Studies of social transmission of food preferences in rats have shown that damage to the neurons in the:

In Bandura and colleagues' Bobo doll study (1961),it was found that children were more likely to behave aggressively if:

People with Asperger's syndrome:

Payton observed his father raking up leaves in the front yard.Payton proceeded to get a rake and rake up leaves just like his father did.This is an example of:

The Psychology of Learning and Memory

The Neuroscience of Learning and Memory

Habituation, Sensitization, and Familiarization: Learning About Repeated Events

Classical Conditioning: Learning to Predict Important Events

Operant Conditioning: Learning the Outcome of Behaviors

Generalization and Discrimination Learning

Episodic and Semantic Memory: Memory for Facts and Events

Skill Memory: Learning by Doing

Working Memory and Cognitive Control

Emotional Influences on Learning and Memory

Development and Aging: Learning and Memory Across the Lifespan

Filters