Question 1

Describe two examples of emotional responses in nonhuman animals.

Accepted Answer

Grading criteria: Discuss any examples f

Question 2

People with posttraumatic stress disorder:

Accepted Answer

A) have a conditioned fear reaction that is triggered by one specific stimulus. 
B) may benefit from drugs that increase the levels of stress hormones. 
C) often have a smaller hippocampal volume than people without this disorder. 
D) have higher-than-normal levels of stress hormones following the initial traumatic event. 
A) have a conditioned fear reaction that is triggered by one specific stimulus. 
B) may benefit from drugs that increase the levels of stress hormones. 
C) often have a smaller hippocampal volume than people without this disorder. 
D) have higher-than-normal levels of stress hormones following the initial traumatic event.

Question 3

What evidence suggests that the hippocampus is important for learning about contextual information?

Accepted Answer

Grading criteria: Discuss the different

Question 4

That different emotions can lead to similar types of physiological responses is a problem for which theory of emotion?

Accepted Answer

A) Cannon-Bard theory 
B) Schacter's two-factor theory 
C) James-Lange theory 
D) It is a problem for all of these theories. 
A) Cannon-Bard theory 
B) Schacter's two-factor theory 
C) James-Lange theory 
D) It is a problem for all of these theories.

Question 5

One difference between posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD)and phobias is that:

Accepted Answer

A) with PTSD,the fear is triggered by a specific stimulus,whereas with phobias the fear is triggered by a wide variety of stimuli. 
B) with phobias,the fear is triggered by a specific stimulus,whereas with PTSD the fear is triggered by a wide variety of stimuli. 
C) PTSD,but not phobias,can be explained by classical conditioning. 
D) Phobias,but not PTSD,can be explained by classical conditioning. 
A) with PTSD,the fear is triggered by a specific stimulus,whereas with phobias the fear is triggered by a wide variety of stimuli. 
B) with phobias,the fear is triggered by a specific stimulus,whereas with PTSD the fear is triggered by a wide variety of stimuli. 
C) PTSD,but not phobias,can be explained by classical conditioning. 
D) Phobias,but not PTSD,can be explained by classical conditioning.

Question 6

Describe how a therapist could use systematic desensitization to extinguish a person's fear of spiders.

Accepted Answer

Grading criteria: Discuss the

Question 7

Neurons in the ______ have been shown to increase their response to a CS after it is paired with a fear-invoking US.

Accepted Answer

A) lateral nucleus of the amygdala 
B) central nucleus of the amygdala 
C) thalamus 
D) basal ganglia 
A) lateral nucleus of the amygdala 
B) central nucleus of the amygdala 
C) thalamus 
D) basal ganglia

Question 8

According to the two-factor theory of avoidance learning,the first stage of avoidance learning involves _____ and then the avoidance response involves _____.

Accepted Answer

A) reinforcement of escaping the US;reinforcement of escaping the CS 
B) reinforcement of avoidance of the fear CR;reinforcement of escaping the CS 
C) classical conditioning of the conditioned emotional response;reinforcement of avoidance of the fear CR 
D) reinforcement of escaping the US;classical conditioning of the conditioned emotional response 
A) reinforcement of escaping the US;reinforcement of escaping the CS 
B) reinforcement of avoidance of the fear CR;reinforcement of escaping the CS 
C) classical conditioning of the conditioned emotional response;reinforcement of avoidance of the fear CR 
D) reinforcement of escaping the US;classical conditioning of the conditioned emotional response

Question 9

The basolateral nucleus of the amygdala is responsible for:

Accepted Answer

A) gathering sensory input from the thalamus. 
B) driving expression of physiological responses to emotional stimuli. 
C) driving behavioral responses to emotional stimuli. 
D) modulating storage and retrieval of emotional memories. 
A) gathering sensory input from the thalamus. 
B) driving expression of physiological responses to emotional stimuli. 
C) driving behavioral responses to emotional stimuli. 
D) modulating storage and retrieval of emotional memories.

Question 10

What is the therapeutic technique in which successive approximations of a feared stimulus are presented while a patient learns to stay relaxed?

Accepted Answer

A) conditioned avoidance 
B) perseveration 
C) piloerection 
D) systematic desensitization 
A) conditioned avoidance 
B) perseveration 
C) piloerection 
D) systematic desensitization

Question 11

The failure to extinguish a conditioned response is known as:

Accepted Answer

A) perseveration. 
B) conditioned avoidance. 
C) a conditioned emotional response. 
D) piloerection. 
A) perseveration. 
B) conditioned avoidance. 
C) a conditioned emotional response. 
D) piloerection.

Question 12

The research on learned helplessness suggests that depression may be prevented by:

Accepted Answer

A) encouraging people to think about the good things in their lives. 
B) encouraging people to smile even when they feel sad. 
C) exposing people to adversities that they can overcome. 
D) preventing people from experiencing even minor challenges. 
A) encouraging people to think about the good things in their lives. 
B) encouraging people to smile even when they feel sad. 
C) exposing people to adversities that they can overcome. 
D) preventing people from experiencing even minor challenges.

Question 13

The medial prefrontal cortex seems to be involved in:

Accepted Answer

A) interpreting the expression of emotion in other people. 
B) mediating arousal in the autonomic nervous system. 
C) sending incoming sensory information to the amygdala. 
D) stimulating the release of stress hormones. 
A) interpreting the expression of emotion in other people. 
B) mediating arousal in the autonomic nervous system. 
C) sending incoming sensory information to the amygdala. 
D) stimulating the release of stress hormones.

Question 14

What is mood-congruency of memory? What does it suggest about the effects of emotion on retrieval?

Accepted Answer

Grading criteria: Describe the

Question 15

What kind of effect does stimulating the amygdala (in the lab)have on humans? Why does it have this effect?

Accepted Answer

Grading criteria: The effect is a mild f

Question 16

Whenever a child has a tantrum,his mother has learned to put the child in his bedroom and closes the door in order to get away from his yelling and screaming.This is an example of:

Accepted Answer

A) conditioned escape. 
B) learned helplessness. 
C) conditioned avoidance. 
D) perseveration. 
A) conditioned escape. 
B) learned helplessness. 
C) conditioned avoidance. 
D) perseveration.

Question 17

Studies using MRI and twins have suggested that:

Accepted Answer

A) PTSD causes the hippocampus to become larger. 
B) PTSD causes the hippocampus to become smaller. 
C) people with a larger hippocampus are predisposed to developing PTSD. 
D) people with a smaller hippocampus are predisposed to developing PTSD. 
A) PTSD causes the hippocampus to become larger. 
B) PTSD causes the hippocampus to become smaller. 
C) people with a larger hippocampus are predisposed to developing PTSD. 
D) people with a smaller hippocampus are predisposed to developing PTSD.

Question 18

Lesions of the central nucleus of the amygdala disrupt the ability to respond to _____ in a conditioned emotional response paradigm.

Accepted Answer

A) both a CS and a US 
B) the US but not the CS 
C) neither the CS nor the US 
D) the CS but not the US 
A) both a CS and a US 
B) the US but not the CS 
C) neither the CS nor the US 
D) the CS but not the US

Question 19

Autonomic arousal involves:

Accepted Answer

A) a decrease in blood pressure. 
B) increased sexual arousal. 
C) diverting energy away from the large muscles. 
D) decreased pain sensitivity. 
A) a decrease in blood pressure. 
B) increased sexual arousal. 
C) diverting energy away from the large muscles. 
D) decreased pain sensitivity.

Question 20

Which part of the brain is often considered to be the "sensory gateway to the brain?"

Accepted Answer

A) cortex 
B) thalamus 
C) amygdala 
D) hippocampus 
A) cortex 
B) thalamus 
C) amygdala 
D) hippocampus

Describe two examples of emotional responses in nonhuman animals.

People with posttraumatic stress disorder:

What evidence suggests that the hippocampus is important for learning about contextual information?

That different emotions can lead to similar types of physiological responses is a problem for which theory of emotion?

One difference between posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD)and phobias is that:

Describe how a therapist could use systematic desensitization to extinguish a person's fear of spiders.

Neurons in the ______ have been shown to increase their response to a CS after it is paired with a fear-invoking US.

According to the two-factor theory of avoidance learning,the first stage of avoidance learning involves _ and then the avoidance response involves _.

The basolateral nucleus of the amygdala is responsible for:

What is the therapeutic technique in which successive approximations of a feared stimulus are presented while a patient learns to stay relaxed?

The failure to extinguish a conditioned response is known as:

The research on learned helplessness suggests that depression may be prevented by:

The medial prefrontal cortex seems to be involved in:

What is mood-congruency of memory? What does it suggest about the effects of emotion on retrieval?

What kind of effect does stimulating the amygdala (in the lab)have on humans? Why does it have this effect?

Whenever a child has a tantrum,his mother has learned to put the child in his bedroom and closes the door in order to get away from his yelling and screaming.This is an example of:

Studies using MRI and twins have suggested that:

Lesions of the central nucleus of the amygdala disrupt the ability to respond to _____ in a conditioned emotional response paradigm.

Autonomic arousal involves:

Which part of the brain is often considered to be the "sensory gateway to the brain?"

The Psychology of Learning and Memory

The Neuroscience of Learning and Memory

Habituation, Sensitization, and Familiarization: Learning About Repeated Events

Classical Conditioning: Learning to Predict Important Events

Operant Conditioning: Learning the Outcome of Behaviors

Generalization and Discrimination Learning

Episodic and Semantic Memory: Memory for Facts and Events

Skill Memory: Learning by Doing

Working Memory and Cognitive Control

Social Learning and Memory: Observing, Interacting, and Reenacting

Development and Aging: Learning and Memory Across the Lifespan

Filters

Exam 10: Emotional Influences on Learning and Memory

Describe two examples of emotional responses in nonhuman animals.

People with posttraumatic stress disorder:

What evidence suggests that the hippocampus is important for learning about contextual information?

That different emotions can lead to similar types of physiological responses is a problem for which theory of emotion?

One difference between posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD)and phobias is that:

Describe how a therapist could use systematic desensitization to extinguish a person's fear of spiders.

Neurons in the ______ have been shown to increase their response to a CS after it is paired with a fear-invoking US.

According to the two-factor theory of avoidance learning,the first stage of avoidance learning involves _____ and then the avoidance response involves _____.

The basolateral nucleus of the amygdala is responsible for:

What is the therapeutic technique in which successive approximations of a feared stimulus are presented while a patient learns to stay relaxed?

The failure to extinguish a conditioned response is known as:

The research on learned helplessness suggests that depression may be prevented by:

The medial prefrontal cortex seems to be involved in:

What is mood-congruency of memory? What does it suggest about the effects of emotion on retrieval?

What kind of effect does stimulating the amygdala (in the lab)have on humans? Why does it have this effect?

Whenever a child has a tantrum,his mother has learned to put the child in his bedroom and closes the door in order to get away from his yelling and screaming.This is an example of:

Studies using MRI and twins have suggested that:

Lesions of the central nucleus of the amygdala disrupt the ability to respond to _____ in a conditioned emotional response paradigm.

Autonomic arousal involves:

Which part of the brain is often considered to be the "sensory gateway to the brain?"

The Psychology of Learning and Memory

The Neuroscience of Learning and Memory

Habituation, Sensitization, and Familiarization: Learning About Repeated Events

Classical Conditioning: Learning to Predict Important Events

Operant Conditioning: Learning the Outcome of Behaviors

Generalization and Discrimination Learning

Episodic and Semantic Memory: Memory for Facts and Events

Skill Memory: Learning by Doing

Working Memory and Cognitive Control

Social Learning and Memory: Observing, Interacting, and Reenacting

Development and Aging: Learning and Memory Across the Lifespan

Filters

According to the two-factor theory of avoidance learning,the first stage of avoidance learning involves _ and then the avoidance response involves _.