Question 1

In humans:

Accepted Answer

A) there is overlap between the cortical regions activated by performance of an action and by observing that action being performed. 
B) researchers have been able to record directly from mirror neurons in the cortex. 
C) cortical regions associated with mirror neurons are different from those in monkeys. 
D) Reserchers have had difficulty in locating any brain regions that behave as if they contain mirror neurons. 
A) there is overlap between the cortical regions activated by performance of an action and by observing that action being performed. 
B) researchers have been able to record directly from mirror neurons in the cortex. 
C) cortical regions associated with mirror neurons are different from those in monkeys. 
D) Reserchers have had difficulty in locating any brain regions that behave as if they contain mirror neurons.

Question 2

According to modern social learning theory,learning occurs as a result of:

Accepted Answer

A) observation. 
B) conditioning. 
C) both observation and conditioning. 
D) both observation and performance of the behavior. 
A) observation. 
B) conditioning. 
C) both observation and conditioning. 
D) both observation and performance of the behavior.

Question 3

Which of the following is true?

Accepted Answer

A) No mammals other than humans can imitate vocalizations as well as birds can. 
B) There are a lot of mammals that are good at imitating vocalizations. 
C) Humans do not begin to imitate vocalizations until they are about 8 months old. 
D) Animals that do not naturally imitate vocalizations can learn the skill. 
A) No mammals other than humans can imitate vocalizations as well as birds can. 
B) There are a lot of mammals that are good at imitating vocalizations. 
C) Humans do not begin to imitate vocalizations until they are about 8 months old. 
D) Animals that do not naturally imitate vocalizations can learn the skill.

Question 4

When one dog starts sniffing the ground for a potential scrap of food,other dogs' attention may be drawn to that part of the ground,and they may copy this sniffing behavior.This is an example of:

Accepted Answer

A) observational conditioning. 
B) stimulus enhancement. 
C) social conformity. 
D) contagion. 
A) observational conditioning. 
B) stimulus enhancement. 
C) social conformity. 
D) contagion.

Question 5

Mia saw a movie with her friend,and observed her friend crying during the sad parts.When Mia went to another movie with her parents the following weekend,she began to cry during the sad parts.This is an example of:

Accepted Answer

A) observational conditioning. 
B) stimulus enhancement. 
C) social conformity. 
D) contagion. 
A) observational conditioning. 
B) stimulus enhancement. 
C) social conformity. 
D) contagion.

Question 6

Perspective taking is an ability that:

Accepted Answer

A) requires visual feedback. 
B) occurs in most mammals and birds. 
C) occurs only for relatively complex behaviors. 
D) is possessed by few species other than humans. 
A) requires visual feedback. 
B) occurs in most mammals and birds. 
C) occurs only for relatively complex behaviors. 
D) is possessed by few species other than humans.

Question 7

Which of the following is an example of social learning?

Accepted Answer

A) A chimpanzee copies the hand motions made by its trainer. 
B) A cat learns through trial and error to escape from a puzzle box. 
C) A rat learns the correct route through a maze by being rewarded with food on reaching the end. 
D) A dog learns to salivate in response to a bell after the bell is repeatedly followed by food. 
A) A chimpanzee copies the hand motions made by its trainer. 
B) A cat learns through trial and error to escape from a puzzle box. 
C) A rat learns the correct route through a maze by being rewarded with food on reaching the end. 
D) A dog learns to salivate in response to a bell after the bell is repeatedly followed by food.

Question 8

Which of the following is true regarding people with frontal-lobe damage who exhibit deficits in the ability to imitate?

Accepted Answer

A) They often lack the motor control necessary to imitate actions. 
B) They are less likely to have echolalia. 
C) They have a tendency to imitate actions involuntarily. 
D) They are completely unable to imitate actions. 
A) They often lack the motor control necessary to imitate actions. 
B) They are less likely to have echolalia. 
C) They have a tendency to imitate actions involuntarily. 
D) They are completely unable to imitate actions.

Question 9

The inborn tendency to react emotionally to stimuli that indicate emotion in other members of one's species is called:

Accepted Answer

A) observational conditioning. 
B) stimulus enhancement. 
C) imitation. 
D) contagion. 
A) observational conditioning. 
B) stimulus enhancement. 
C) imitation. 
D) contagion.

Question 10

According to the ____ hypothesis,memories for perceived actions are stored in the cortical regions that map observed actions onto the motor representations of those actions.

Accepted Answer

A) template 
B) visual 
C) direct-matching 
D) stimulus-matching 
A) template 
B) visual 
C) direct-matching 
D) stimulus-matching

Question 11

According to the template model of song learning,a songbird performs stimulus matching during the:

Accepted Answer

A) first stage. 
B) second stage. 
C) third stage. 
D) all three stages. 
A) first stage. 
B) second stage. 
C) third stage. 
D) all three stages.

Question 12

Which of the following is true regarding mirror neurons?

Accepted Answer

A) The most common type are those that respond to actions involving the legs and feet. 
B) They provide the neural links needed for imitation but not emulation. 
C) They respond to the observation of an action performed by a model,but not to the performance of the action by the observer. 
D) Some respond most strongly to observation of the outcome,rather than the specific action. 
A) The most common type are those that respond to actions involving the legs and feet. 
B) They provide the neural links needed for imitation but not emulation. 
C) They respond to the observation of an action performed by a model,but not to the performance of the action by the observer. 
D) Some respond most strongly to observation of the outcome,rather than the specific action.

Question 13

When observer rats were exposed to a novel food odor on a demonstrator rat's breath,and then had their hippocampus lesioned,what happened to the lesioned rats' preferences for the novel food?

Accepted Answer

A) Their preference was reduced the most if the lesion occurred 30 days after their being exposed to the odor. 
B) Their preference was reduced the most if the lesion occurred 1 day after their being exposed to the odor. 
C) Their preference was enhanced the most if the lesion occurred 30 days after their being exposed to the odor. 
D) Their preference was enhanced the most if the lesion occurred 1 day after their being exposed to the odor. 
A) Their preference was reduced the most if the lesion occurred 30 days after their being exposed to the odor. 
B) Their preference was reduced the most if the lesion occurred 1 day after their being exposed to the odor. 
C) Their preference was enhanced the most if the lesion occurred 30 days after their being exposed to the odor. 
D) Their preference was enhanced the most if the lesion occurred 1 day after their being exposed to the odor.

Question 14

Neurons in _____ respond when a bird hears a song and when it produces the song.

Accepted Answer

A) the high vocal center (HV
C) and the robust nucleus of the archistriatum (R
A)  
B) area X 
C) the basal ganglia 
D) the frontal cortex 
A) the high vocal center (HV
C) and the robust nucleus of the archistriatum (R
A)  
B) area X 
C) the basal ganglia 
D) the frontal cortex

Question 15

Mirror neurons are neurons that respond:

Accepted Answer

A) during both performance and visual observation of an action. 
B) when an organism performs an action that is the opposite of the observed action. 
C) during true imitation but not during emulation. 
D) during observational learning in which visual feedback occurs. 
A) during both performance and visual observation of an action. 
B) when an organism performs an action that is the opposite of the observed action. 
C) during true imitation but not during emulation. 
D) during observational learning in which visual feedback occurs.

Question 16

In Bandura's Bobo doll study,it was found that:

Accepted Answer

A) aggressive behavior transferred to other contexts. 
B) for girls,aggression was more common when they observed a female model than a male model. 
C) only the children who were first provoked showed aggression towards the Bobo doll. 
D) the attack styles of the children who behaved aggressively were different from the attack styles of the models they observed. 
A) aggressive behavior transferred to other contexts. 
B) for girls,aggression was more common when they observed a female model than a male model. 
C) only the children who were first provoked showed aggression towards the Bobo doll. 
D) the attack styles of the children who behaved aggressively were different from the attack styles of the models they observed.

Question 17

Which of the following is a characteristic of autism?

Accepted Answer

A) reduced intellectual abilities 
B) normal social skills 
C) normal behavior patterns 
D) the need for highly consistent routines 
A) reduced intellectual abilities 
B) normal social skills 
C) normal behavior patterns 
D) the need for highly consistent routines

Question 18

Studies of copying in humans and chimpanzees have shown that _____ copy the details of actions modeled by an adult human.

Accepted Answer

A) chimpanzees and human children 
B) chimpanzees but not human children 
C) human children but not chimpanzees 
D) neither human children nor chimpanzees 
A) chimpanzees and human children 
B) chimpanzees but not human children 
C) human children but not chimpanzees 
D) neither human children nor chimpanzees

Question 19

Autistic children:

Accepted Answer

A) have reduced intellectual abilities. 
B) have more trouble imitating individual actions than sequences of actions. 
C) cannot recognize when they are being imitated. 
D) show more impairment of meaningless gestures than meaningful ones. 
A) have reduced intellectual abilities. 
B) have more trouble imitating individual actions than sequences of actions. 
C) cannot recognize when they are being imitated. 
D) show more impairment of meaningless gestures than meaningful ones.

Question 20

In a nursery,if one baby starts crying,there is a tendency for the other babies to also start crying.This is an example of:

Accepted Answer

A) observational conditioning. 
B) stimulus enhancement. 
C) vocal learning. 
D) contagion. 
A) observational conditioning. 
B) stimulus enhancement. 
C) vocal learning. 
D) contagion.

In humans:

According to modern social learning theory,learning occurs as a result of:

Which of the following is true?

When one dog starts sniffing the ground for a potential scrap of food,other dogs' attention may be drawn to that part of the ground,and they may copy this sniffing behavior.This is an example of:

Mia saw a movie with her friend,and observed her friend crying during the sad parts.When Mia went to another movie with her parents the following weekend,she began to cry during the sad parts.This is an example of:

Perspective taking is an ability that:

Which of the following is an example of social learning?

Which of the following is true regarding people with frontal-lobe damage who exhibit deficits in the ability to imitate?

The inborn tendency to react emotionally to stimuli that indicate emotion in other members of one's species is called:

According to the ____ hypothesis,memories for perceived actions are stored in the cortical regions that map observed actions onto the motor representations of those actions.

According to the template model of song learning,a songbird performs stimulus matching during the:

Which of the following is true regarding mirror neurons?

When observer rats were exposed to a novel food odor on a demonstrator rat's breath,and then had their hippocampus lesioned,what happened to the lesioned rats' preferences for the novel food?

Neurons in _____ respond when a bird hears a song and when it produces the song.

Mirror neurons are neurons that respond:

In Bandura's Bobo doll study,it was found that:

Which of the following is a characteristic of autism?

Studies of copying in humans and chimpanzees have shown that _____ copy the details of actions modeled by an adult human.

Autistic children:

In a nursery,if one baby starts crying,there is a tendency for the other babies to also start crying.This is an example of:

The Psychology of Learning and Memory

The Neuroscience of Learning and Memory

Habituation, Sensitization, and Familiarization: Learning About Repeated Events

Classical Conditioning: Learning to Predict Important Events

Operant Conditioning: Learning the Outcome of Behaviors

Generalization and Discrimination Learning

Episodic and Semantic Memory: Memory for Facts and Events

Skill Memory: Learning by Doing

Working Memory and Cognitive Control

Emotional Influences on Learning and Memory

Development and Aging: Learning and Memory Across the Lifespan

Filters

Exam 11: Social Learning and Memory: Observing, Interacting, and Reenacting

In humans:

According to modern social learning theory,learning occurs as a result of:

Which of the following is true?

When one dog starts sniffing the ground for a potential scrap of food,other dogs' attention may be drawn to that part of the ground,and they may copy this sniffing behavior.This is an example of:

Mia saw a movie with her friend,and observed her friend crying during the sad parts.When Mia went to another movie with her parents the following weekend,she began to cry during the sad parts.This is an example of:

Perspective taking is an ability that:

Which of the following is an example of social learning?

Which of the following is true regarding people with frontal-lobe damage who exhibit deficits in the ability to imitate?

The inborn tendency to react emotionally to stimuli that indicate emotion in other members of one's species is called:

According to the ____ hypothesis,memories for perceived actions are stored in the cortical regions that map observed actions onto the motor representations of those actions.

According to the template model of song learning,a songbird performs stimulus matching during the:

Which of the following is true regarding mirror neurons?

When observer rats were exposed to a novel food odor on a demonstrator rat's breath,and then had their hippocampus lesioned,what happened to the lesioned rats' preferences for the novel food?

Neurons in _____ respond when a bird hears a song and when it produces the song.

Mirror neurons are neurons that respond:

In Bandura's Bobo doll study,it was found that:

Which of the following is a characteristic of autism?

Studies of copying in humans and chimpanzees have shown that _____ copy the details of actions modeled by an adult human.

Autistic children:

In a nursery,if one baby starts crying,there is a tendency for the other babies to also start crying.This is an example of:

The Psychology of Learning and Memory

The Neuroscience of Learning and Memory

Habituation, Sensitization, and Familiarization: Learning About Repeated Events

Classical Conditioning: Learning to Predict Important Events

Operant Conditioning: Learning the Outcome of Behaviors

Generalization and Discrimination Learning

Episodic and Semantic Memory: Memory for Facts and Events

Skill Memory: Learning by Doing

Working Memory and Cognitive Control

Emotional Influences on Learning and Memory

Development and Aging: Learning and Memory Across the Lifespan

Filters