Exam 4: Learning: How Experience Changes US

Behavior modification arose from classical conditioning.

What type of reinforcement schedule is also referred to as the "gambling reinforcement schedule"? Why is it described as such?

John turns on his fan every night prior to going to sleep. Initially, the sound of the fan is distracting, but after a short period of time he is able to fall asleep in spite of the noise. John's falling asleep in spite of the noise most closely resembles which of the following?

In classical conditioning, the initial learning of the conditioned response is called ________.

________ is an example of a primary reinforcer, whereas ________ is an example of a secondary reinforcer.

In Pavlov's initial classical conditioning experiment, salivation eventually becomes the________.

Which of the following statements concerning punishment is true?

Watson's experiment with Little Albert demonstrated that fears might be __________.

Generally, it is best to present the CS followed immediately by the US for conditioning to occur. One exception to this rule is illustrated by ________.

In Pavlov's initial classical conditioning experiment, the food was the ________.

Which of the following criteria helps to increase the effectiveness of punishment?

Ellen, a mentally retarded adult, has just received a "token." Based on this information, it is most reasonable to assume that Ellen ________.

In the context of classical conditioning, which of following components "elicits" a response?

The Law of Effect emphasized that responses were more likely to be made if they were followed by some pleasing consequence.

Imagine that you are an animal trainer at Sea World charged with training to make dolphins do high jumps. Briefly summarize how you might accomplish this goal.

________ was the leading psychologist who helped to develop social learning theory.

________ is viewed as the founder of behaviorism.

What is the primary distinction between ratio and interval schedules of reinforcement?

Who was one of the first researchers to explore and outline the laws of voluntary responses?

After Little Albert acquired a conditioned fear of rats, Watson wanted to see how he would react to a white rabbit, cotton wool, and a Santa Claus mask. He was studying whether or not _____________________ had occurred.