Exam 4: Learning: How Experience Changes US

John has been working on a math problem late at night without success; he falls asleep. Upon awakening, John suddenly realizes how to answer the problem. This best illustrates which of the following?

In Bandura's famous Bobo doll study, he was examining the impact of observational learning in terms of expressed ________ behaviors.

Based on Tolman and Honzik's findings, could a group of unreinforced rats ultimately finish a maze just as quickly as a group of reinforced rats?

Some of the earliest empirical demonstrations of insight learning involved using a chimpanzee as the subject.

The concept of a conditioned compensatory response best helps in understanding ________.

Define and provide a practical example of learning.

When the CS is repeatedly presented in the absence of the UCS (food, in this case), the CR will "die out" in a process called ______________.

An expert on parenting is addressing parents at the local grade school. When the topic of punishment is discussed, what is one outcome of punishment the expert is likely to note for the parents to consider?

An important contribution of Watson and Rayner's research was that it showed how phobias may result from classical conditioning.

As an infant, Stephanie received many penicillin injections from the doctor. When she later saw a photographer in a white coat that was similar to the doctor's coat, she started to cry. This is an example of _______________.

Individuals tend to model people with which of the following characteristics?

Fred is afraid of spiders. He won't even watch a nature show on TV about them. When he sees a picture of a spider, he has a panic attack, but when he avoids looking at the image, his panic goes away. Fred's avoidance of spiders is being __________________.

The "aha!" experience is known as ________________.

Professor Rochelle told her students that if her door was closed it meant that she was unavailable to them and would be angry if they knocked on her door. But if her door was open, it meant that she was in a rare good mood and would answer questions at that time. Professor Rochelle's door being open was a ___________ for _______________.

________ classical conditioning, operant conditioning requires the organism to voluntarily produce the ________.

Skinner was to rats as Thorndike was to _____________________.

What was the unconditioned stimulus (UCS) in the case of Little Albert?

Discuss Köhler's two studies with Sultan, the chimpanzee, that illustrate insight learning.

Sarah just adopted a puppy and is trying to train it to relieve itself in her yard and not in her living room. Eventually, Sarah is successful because she reinforces her puppy when it goes outside only. This example depicts ________.

Pavlov placed meat powder in the mouths of the dogs, and they began to salivate. Pavlov's student noticed that after a few days the dogs began to salivate at the sound of the student's footsteps. The salivation to the sound of the footsteps was a _______.