Exam 4: Learning: How Experience Changes US

Modeling is basically a situation in which one person learns from another simply by watching.

Sue noticed that whenever she opened the door to the pantry, her dog would come into the kitchen and act hungry, by drooling and whining. She thought that because the dog food was stored in the pantry, the sound of the door had become a(n) ______.

A grandmother gives her grandchild a cookie because the child cleaned her room. What is the cookie in this example?

Which of the following is NOT an example of operant behavior?

Which schedule of reinforcement tends to get the highest response rate?

Alan always turns the aquarium light on before putting fish food into the tank. After a while he notices that the fish swim to the top to look for the food as soon as he turns on the light. In this example, the________________ is the unconditioned stimulus.

The kind of learning that applies to voluntary behavior is called __________________.

When Pavlov placed meat powder or other food in the mouths of canine subjects, they began to salivate. The salivation was a(n) ____________.

________ is credited with conducting some of the most famous experiments regarding insight learning.

The reappearance of a learned response after extinction has occurred is called ______.

A stimulus presented to a person or animal that decreases the probability of a particular response is known as __________.

You need to remove a broken light bulb from a lamp. Without a pair of gloves, you are likely to cut yourself on the jagged glass. Suddenly, it occurs to you that you can use a cut potato to remove the light bulb from the socket. You have just demonstrated ___________.

An important discovery stemming from Watson and Rayner's experiment was that ________.

Secondary reinforcers differ from primary reinforcers in that secondary reinforcers ________.

In Bandura's study with the Bobo doll, the children in the group who saw the model punished did not imitate the model at first. They would only imitate the model if given a reward for doing so. The fact that these children had obviously learned the behavior without actually performing it is an example of ____________.

An animal is conditioned to salivate to a bell using Pavlovian procedures. After the conditioning is established, the animal is then put through an extinction procedure and the conditioned salivation disappears. Then the animal is removed from the test situation for several days. When returned to the test situation, the conditioned response is seen again. The effect is known as ________.

In Pavlov's original experiment of classical conditioning, dogs learned to salivate at the sound of a bell when the bell was repeatedly paired with the presentation of food. The food is referred to as the unconditioned response.

Which of the following has been demonstrated to be least effective when trying to classically condition a response?

Positive reinforcement is to negative reinforcement as ________.

In addition to cementing the effects of being rewarded, dopamine also allows organisms to do what in allowing one to achieve goals, according to research concerning operant conditioning?