Question 1

Among the criteria pollutants identified in the United States is carbon dioxide.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  False

Question 2

The NAAQS

Accepted Answer

A)  are set using benefit-cost analysis 
B)  are established using a benefit-based decision rule 
C)  achieve efficient levels of abatement for the criteria pollutants 
D)  both (a) and (c) are correct 
A)  are set using benefit-cost analysis 
B)  are established using a benefit-based decision rule 
C)  achieve efficient levels of abatement for the criteria pollutants 
D)  both (a) and (c) are correct B

Question 3

Contaminants such as pollen and salt spray are known as anthropogenic pollutants.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  False

Question 4

Under the Clean Air Act, the major groups of air pollutants being controlled are natural pollutants, hazardous air pollutants, and greenhouse gases.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

Environmental justice is an equity criterion that has increased in importance over time in U.S. policy decisions.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

Prior to the 1950s, all air quality laws in the United States had been enacted at the state and local levels of government.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

Over 180 hazardous air pollutants are controlled by the Clean Air Act.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

States outline procedures to attain air quality standards within their jurisdictions through

Accepted Answer

A)  offset plans for each AQCR 
B)  state implementation plans (SIPs) 
C)  criteria documents 
D)  PSD programs 
E)  none of the above 
A)  offset plans for each AQCR 
B)  state implementation plans (SIPs) 
C)  criteria documents 
D)  PSD programs 
E)  none of the above

Question 9

PSD areas

Accepted Answer

A)  must meet the same standards as do nonattainment areas 
B)  face standards that are necessarily set at an efficient level 
C)  are regions that meet or exceed national ambient air quality standards 
D)  are likely associated with higher MSC than that of nonattainment areas 
A)  must meet the same standards as do nonattainment areas 
B)  face standards that are necessarily set at an efficient level 
C)  are regions that meet or exceed national ambient air quality standards 
D)  are likely associated with higher MSC than that of nonattainment areas

Question 10

In the United States, the primary standards established for identified criteria pollutants

Accepted Answer

A)  are known as the NESHAP 
B)  are applicable only to mobile sources 
C)  are intended to protect public welfare 
D)  are motivated solely by expected benefits with no consideration for economic feasibility 
A)  are known as the NESHAP 
B)  are applicable only to mobile sources 
C)  are intended to protect public welfare 
D)  are motivated solely by expected benefits with no consideration for economic feasibility

Question 11

Air quality in the United States is monitored either by estimating emissions levels or by measuring pollutant concentrations.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

All of the following are examples of anthropogenic pollutants EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

A)  lead 
B)  carbon monoxide 
C)  pollen 
D)  sulfur dioxide 
A)  lead 
B)  carbon monoxide 
C)  pollen 
D)  sulfur dioxide

Question 13

Portney's research of the 1990 Clean Air Act Amendments (CAAA) finds that MSC exceeds MSB. Based on this finding, one can conclude that

Accepted Answer

A)  the CAAA are allocatively efficient 
B)  TSC exceed TSB 
C)  these amendments are inefficient but cost-effective 
D)  the CAAA over-regulate society 
A)  the CAAA are allocatively efficient 
B)  TSC exceed TSB 
C)  these amendments are inefficient but cost-effective 
D)  the CAAA over-regulate society

Question 14

Natural pollutants

Accepted Answer

A)  are those contaminants that are linked to human activity 
B)  include such contaminants as lead and carbon monoxide 
C)  are the same as anthropogenic pollutants 
D)  are those arising from nonartificial processes in nature 
A)  are those contaminants that are linked to human activity 
B)  include such contaminants as lead and carbon monoxide 
C)  are the same as anthropogenic pollutants 
D)  are those arising from nonartificial processes in nature

Question 15

According to the textbook application, air quality standards in the United Kingdom are identical to those in the United States.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

In the United States, the air quality standards used to control criteria pollutants

Accepted Answer

A)  identify the maximum allowable concentrations of each pollutant 
B)  are set to achieve an efficient abatement level using benefit-cost analysis 
C)  are known as the NESHAP 
D)  are achieved by all AQCRs in the nation 
A)  identify the maximum allowable concentrations of each pollutant 
B)  are set to achieve an efficient abatement level using benefit-cost analysis 
C)  are known as the NESHAP 
D)  are achieved by all AQCRs in the nation

Question 17

The NAAQS are established using benefit-cost analysis.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

The EPA's second prospective study of the Clean Air Act Amendments (CAAA) of 1990,

Accepted Answer

A)  expands the time frame of the first prospective study to the 1990 to 2020 period 
B)  finds that the estimated costs of the CAAA outweigh the estimated benefits 
C)  uses the same data and methods employed in the first study 
D)  generates estimates that indicate negative net benefits linked to the CAAA 
A)  expands the time frame of the first prospective study to the 1990 to 2020 period 
B)  finds that the estimated costs of the CAAA outweigh the estimated benefits 
C)  uses the same data and methods employed in the first study 
D)  generates estimates that indicate negative net benefits linked to the CAAA

Question 19

According to the EPA's prospective analysis of the 1990 to 2010 period, total social benefits (TSB) associated with the CAAA of 1990 are estimated at $690 billion ($1990) and the comparable total social cost (TSC) estimates are $180 billion ($1990).
a. Explain why these data do not communicate whether the regulations outlined by the CAAA of 1990 are efficient.
b. Using three separate graphs of conventionally-shaped TSB and TSC functions show that these values indicate that the regulations outlined in the CAAA of 1990 are (i) efficient; (ii) too lenient; and (iii) too stringent.

Accepted Answer

1a. Even though the estimated TSB associ

Question 20

A State Implementation Plan (SIP) outlines procedures for a state to implement, monitor, and enforce the NAAQS but not the NESHAP.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Among the criteria pollutants identified in the United States is carbon dioxide.

The NAAQS

Contaminants such as pollen and salt spray are known as anthropogenic pollutants.

Under the Clean Air Act, the major groups of air pollutants being controlled are natural pollutants, hazardous air pollutants, and greenhouse gases.

Environmental justice is an equity criterion that has increased in importance over time in U.S. policy decisions.

Prior to the 1950s, all air quality laws in the United States had been enacted at the state and local levels of government.

Over 180 hazardous air pollutants are controlled by the Clean Air Act.

States outline procedures to attain air quality standards within their jurisdictions through

PSD areas

In the United States, the primary standards established for identified criteria pollutants

Air quality in the United States is monitored either by estimating emissions levels or by measuring pollutant concentrations.

All of the following are examples of anthropogenic pollutants EXCEPT

Portney's research of the 1990 Clean Air Act Amendments (CAAA) finds that MSC exceeds MSB. Based on this finding, one can conclude that

Natural pollutants

According to the textbook application, air quality standards in the United Kingdom are identical to those in the United States.

In the United States, the air quality standards used to control criteria pollutants

The NAAQS are established using benefit-cost analysis.

The EPA's second prospective study of the Clean Air Act Amendments (CAAA) of 1990,

A State Implementation Plan (SIP) outlines procedures for a state to implement, monitor, and enforce the NAAQS but not the NESHAP.

The Role of Economics in Environmental Management

Modeling the Market Process: a Review of the Basics

Modeling Market Failure

Conventional Solutions to Environmental Problems: Command-And-Control Approach

Economic Solutions to Environmental Problems: the Market Approach

Environmental Risk Analysis

Assessing Benefits for Environmental Decision Making

Assessing Costs for Environmental Decision Making

Benefit-Cost Analysis in Environmental Decision Making

Improving Air Quality: Controlling Mobile Sources

Improving Air Quality: Controlling Stationary Sources

Global Air Quality: Policies for Ozone Depletion and Climate Change

Defining Water Quality: the Standard-Setting Process

Improving Water Quality: Controlling Point and Nonpoint Sources

Protecting Safe Drinking Water

Managing Hazardous Solid Waste and Waste Sites

Managing Municipal Solid Waste

Controlling Pesticides and Toxic Chemicals

Sustainable Development: International Environmental Agreements and International Trade

Sustainable Approaches: Industrial Ecology and Pollution Prevention

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Exam 10: Defining Air Quality: the Standard-Setting Process

Among the criteria pollutants identified in the United States is carbon dioxide.

The NAAQS

Contaminants such as pollen and salt spray are known as anthropogenic pollutants.

Under the Clean Air Act, the major groups of air pollutants being controlled are natural pollutants, hazardous air pollutants, and greenhouse gases.

Environmental justice is an equity criterion that has increased in importance over time in U.S. policy decisions.

Prior to the 1950s, all air quality laws in the United States had been enacted at the state and local levels of government.

Over 180 hazardous air pollutants are controlled by the Clean Air Act.

States outline procedures to attain air quality standards within their jurisdictions through

PSD areas

In the United States, the primary standards established for identified criteria pollutants

Air quality in the United States is monitored either by estimating emissions levels or by measuring pollutant concentrations.

All of the following are examples of anthropogenic pollutants EXCEPT

Portney's research of the 1990 Clean Air Act Amendments (CAAA) finds that MSC exceeds MSB. Based on this finding, one can conclude that

Natural pollutants

According to the textbook application, air quality standards in the United Kingdom are identical to those in the United States.

In the United States, the air quality standards used to control criteria pollutants

The NAAQS are established using benefit-cost analysis.

The EPA's second prospective study of the Clean Air Act Amendments (CAAA) of 1990,

A State Implementation Plan (SIP) outlines procedures for a state to implement, monitor, and enforce the NAAQS but not the NESHAP.

The Role of Economics in Environmental Management

Modeling the Market Process: a Review of the Basics

Modeling Market Failure

Conventional Solutions to Environmental Problems: Command-And-Control Approach

Economic Solutions to Environmental Problems: the Market Approach

Environmental Risk Analysis

Assessing Benefits for Environmental Decision Making

Assessing Costs for Environmental Decision Making

Benefit-Cost Analysis in Environmental Decision Making

Improving Air Quality: Controlling Mobile Sources

Improving Air Quality: Controlling Stationary Sources

Global Air Quality: Policies for Ozone Depletion and Climate Change

Defining Water Quality: the Standard-Setting Process

Improving Water Quality: Controlling Point and Nonpoint Sources

Protecting Safe Drinking Water

Managing Hazardous Solid Waste and Waste Sites

Managing Municipal Solid Waste

Controlling Pesticides and Toxic Chemicals

Sustainable Development: International Environmental Agreements and International Trade

Sustainable Approaches: Industrial Ecology and Pollution Prevention

Filters